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Act Rules Income Tax
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Penalty for non-furnishing by eligible investment funds may be imposed as a fixed sanction for late or missing reports.
The provision authorises the prescribed income tax authority to direct an eligible investment fund to pay a fixed penalty of five lakh rupees where the fund fails to furnish a required statement, information or document within the time prescribed under the referenced provision; the sanction is discretionary and the text contains no exceptions, mitigation procedures or notice stages in the extract provided.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Penalty for inaccurate financial statements made mandatory; reporting institutions face per-account liability and recovery rights from account-holders.
Section 455 imposes a fixed penalty on persons required to furnish statements under section 508(1) for inaccurate information, failure to correct within the period under section 508(8), or non-compliance with due diligence under section 508(9). It also imposes an additional per-account liability on reporting financial institutions where inaccuracies arise from false or inaccurate information furnished by account-holders, and entitles institutions to recover or retain amounts paid from those account-holders. The provision cross-references section 508 and does not set out adjudicatory or appeal procedures.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Penalty for failure to provide electronic payment facilities imposes strict daily liability and removes statutory exception to avoid sanction.
The provision imposes a continuing daily monetary penalty, to be levied by the Assessing Officer, for failure to provide facilities to accept payments through prescribed electronic modes; the Bill included a proviso allowing avoidance of the penalty on proof of good and sufficient reason, but the enacted text omits that proviso, leaving key definitions, evidentiary standards, and procedural modalities unspecified.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Penalty for failure to comply: Assessing Officer may impose monetary penalty equal to sums received unless recipient proves good reasons.
Section 451 authorises the Assessing Officer to impose a penalty equal to the sum received by a person in contravention of the relevant statutory provision; the earlier Bill expressly allowed escape if the recipient proved "good and sufficient reasons," but the enacted text omits that proviso, leaving the ambit of any exception, standards for evaluation, and the character of assessing discretion unspecified.
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Penalty on undisclosed income: fixed levy on withholding-tax liability, with exemption for timely disclosure and payment.
A discretionary penalty applies where assessed income includes categories of unexplained or undisclosed receipts imported by reference to existing provisions; it is levied as a percentage of the tax payable under the withholding-tax provision, is additional to that tax, is not imposed if the income was included in the return and the withholding tax paid within the relevant year, and cannot be duplicated by another penalty for the same income. The enacted text omits an explicit cross-application of existing procedural penalty machinery, creating procedural uncertainty.
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Penalty for under-reporting: statutory regime imposing enhanced sanctions for deliberate misreporting and rules for computing tax on additions.
Clause 439 creates a penalty regime for under reporting and aggravated misreporting during tax proceedings by defining deemed under reporting events, prescribing formulae to compute under reported income (including interactions with deemed total income rules), allocating additions across years to prevent double counting, listing exceptions where penalties will not apply, enumerating aggravating misreporting acts that attract higher sanctions, and requiring that penalty be imposed by written order of the Competent Authority.
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Set-off of tax refunds: authorities may offset or temporarily withhold refunds subject to written intimation and procedural safeguards.
Section 438 authorises the Assessing Officer and senior Commissioners to set off refunds due against outstanding tax liabilities and to withhold refunds where assessment or reassessment proceedings are pending. Set off must follow written intimation to the taxpayer. Withholding a refund while proceedings are pending is limited in time and requires reasons recorded in writing plus prior approval of the Principal Commissioner or Commissioner.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Interest on refunds: entitlement to monthly simple interest and additional annual interest where orders trigger refunds.
Interest on refunds is payable as simple interest at a monthly rate from specified starting dates determined by refund source (tax collected at source/advance tax/treatment as paid; tax paid under specified provisions; excess payments under demand notices), with an additional annual interest where refunds follow certain appellate or rectification orders. Periods attributable to the assessee/deductor are excluded; immaterial refunds below a threshold do not attract interest for defined categories; interest is adjusted if subsequent orders change the underlying amount and assessing officers may demand excess interest.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Two-tier fee for late tax return filing: fixed higher fee for higher-income filers and capped fee for others.
A statutory two tier fee applies where a person required to furnish a return within the prescribed time fails to do so. Both enacted and bill texts impose a fixed higher fee for taxpayers above the income threshold and a lower fee capped for taxpayers at or below that threshold. The enacted drafting places the capped lower fee first, preserving discretion up to the cap for lower income filers; both texts operate without prejudice to other provisions of the Act and cross reference the filing time provision. Procedural and enforcement details are not stated.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Daily fee for delayed tax statements requires prepayment before filing and is capped at the tax collectible amount.
A mandatory daily fee applies where a person fails to deliver a prescribed statement of tax deducted or collected at source within the time prescribed in a cross referenced subsection; the fee accrues each day until compliance, is capped so it does not exceed the amount of tax deductible or collectible for the period, and must be paid before delivering the delayed statement, without prejudice to other liabilities under the Act.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Advance tax interest rules require instalment-specific payments; shortfalls attract staged interest and safe harbour thresholds for compliance relief.
Section 425 imposes interest where advance tax instalments fall short of prescribed percentages by due dates, tying liability to tax due on the returned income. It prescribes staged instalment percentages and graduated interest on interim versus final shortfalls, provides two early safe harbour minima that eliminate interest if met, treats certain classes (profits declared under specified entries) with a distinct simple interest rule for the final instalment, and exempts shortfalls from interest for specified late arising incomes if taxed by later instalments or by 31 March.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Interest for defaults in payment of advance tax triggers monthly simple interest where advance payments fall short of assessed tax.
The provision charges simple interest where a taxpayer fails to pay advance tax or pays less than the safe harbour proportion of assessed tax, starting from 1 April following the tax year until determination of total income or completion of regular assessment. Interest is computed on assessed tax or the shortfall, with the assessed tax base reduced by specified items such as tax deducted/collected at source, reliefs and eligible tax credits; reassessment or recomputation increases or reduces interest accordingly and payments already made reduce liability.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Interest for defaults in furnishing return may accrue from differing start dates, altering the interest period and liabilities.
Section 423 charges simple interest for defaults in furnishing returns by applying a formula based on a tax base "A" and a period "T", with a Table linking specific filing or non-filing scenarios to starting and ending events for the interest period, reductions of the tax base by a prescribed definition of "tax paid", and provisions for adjustment (notice of demand or refund) where post-assessment orders change the tax on which interest is calculated.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Stay of recovery: mandatory pause during granted payment time and while appeal-linked reductions remain pending.
Section 415 requires the Tax Recovery Officer to grant time for payment and stay recovery during that period, and to stay recovery of any portion of a certificate corresponding to a reduced demand while related proceedings remain pending; where the order giving rise to the demand is modified and becomes final, the Officer must amend or cancel the certificate. The Act's enacted text links reductions specifically to modification of the order giving rise to the demand, narrowing the Bill's broader phrasing.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Payment deadline for tax demands triggers monthly interest and potential acceleration on instalment default, while relief may be available.
Clause 411 makes amounts in a notice of demand payable ordinarily within thirty days of service, permits the AO with Joint Commissioner approval to shorten that period, and charges simple monthly interest from the day after the due date until payment. The AO may extend time or allow instalments on timely application, but any instalment default accelerates the whole outstanding amount. Commissioners may reduce or waive interest for genuine hardship or circumstances beyond control, subject to cooperation and procedural safeguards. Where foreign law prevents remittance, the non remittable portion must not be treated as in default.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Advance tax obligation: taxpayers must self estimate income and pay instalments, with permitted adjustments to remaining payments.
Every person liable to pay advance tax must remit instalments based on the assessee's own estimate of current income (the specified sum) and the tax thereon, calculated by the prescribed method and paid at prescribed instalment percentages and due dates; taxpayers may increase or reduce amounts in remaining instalments to reflect revised estimates, and the clause itself defines specified sum but is silent on exceptions, enforcement, interest, penalties and procedural recordkeeping.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Withholding definitions expanded to include both incorrect deduction and collection rates, increasing administrative scrutiny of statements.
Section 402 provides the definitional framework for deduction and collection at source, specifying who is a person responsible for paying, buyer, seller and other categories, and defining transactional terms including rent, immovable property and digital-economy roles. The Act expands the concept of an "incorrect claim apparent from any information in the statement" to cover both incorrect rates of deduction and incorrect rates of collection, thereby enabling identification of filing errors from statements alone. Turnover thresholds and carve-outs determine when withholding obligations arise; several definitions rely on cross-references to external provisions.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Deemed assessee in default for non-deduction or non-collection of tax exposes deductors/collectors to interest and asset charge.
Failure to deduct, collect, or pay tax causes the person required to do so to be deemed an assessee in default, liable for interest on delayed deduction/collection and on delayed payment, and, where tax has been deducted or collected but not paid, the tax and interest form a statutory charge on all assets; a safe harbour exists if the recipient has filed a return, included the amount and paid tax and the deductor/collector produces the prescribed accountant's certificate, while penalty can be imposed only if the assessing officer is satisfied there were no good and sufficient reasons for the failure.
Act Rules Income Tax
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TAN/PAN compliance tightens reporting and mandates higher withholding where PAN is not furnished, while shortening correction windows.
Clause 397 mandates TAN application and mandatory TAN quoting by deductors/collectors, requires payees/payers to furnish a PAN (with enacted text adding a "valid" PAN requirement), prescribes higher withholding/collection rates where PAN is not furnished subject to enumerated exceptions, requires timely deposit of deducted/collected tax and filing of prescribed statements, provides a correction statement mechanism with a time limit, sets special reporting duties for payments to non residents and small interest payments by banks/co operatives/public companies, and preserves collector liability for unpaid but collectible tax.
Act Rules Income Tax
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Certificates for lower tax withholding enable AO-issued rates or nil deduction and proportionate nonresident withholding relief.
Clause creates an AO-issued certificate system permitting payees, buyers/licensees/lessees and payers to obtain prescribed-form certificates altering the rate (or, under the Act, rate or nil deduction) at which tax is deducted or collected; for non-salary payments to non-residents the payer may seek a proportionate determination of the taxable part; deductors/collectors must issue prescribed documentary certificates to deductees/collectees and the AO may cancel certificates after affording a reasonable opportunity, with detailed forms, validity and procedures left to rules.

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Reopening of assessment - Substance over Form - Failure to disclose material fact - Duty of the AO to make an enquiry to test the correctness of the disclosure made even if the statutory forms signed and certified by the Chartered Accountant

10 July, 2019

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2019 (7) TMI 415 - MADRAS HIGH COURT

2018 (10) TMI 442 - MADRAS HIGH COURT

Reopening of the assessment for the year 2010-2011. - Whether ingredients of Section 147 r.w.s 148 are satisfied?

Facts of the case

In the present case, deduction u/s 10B of Income Tax Act, 1961 was allowed to assessee (100% EOU) on the basis of Form No.56G. In the said Form in Column No.8 it is mentioned as 10th year of claim, but, in Column No.7, the date of commencement of manufacturing is mentioned as 28.03.2000. Thus the Assessing Officer stated that the year under consideration happens to be 11th year. The Assessing Officer also referred to the copy of the Form 56G for the assessment year 2001-2002. Accordingly the Assessing Officer informed the assessee that the assessee has exclusively extended its 10B holiday period to the 11th year and hence become ineligible for deduction under Section 10B.

Submission of the assessee

There was no opening stock as on 1.4.2000. The first invoice was raised only on 31.05.2000 to UNICEF, New Delhi. With regard to the date of commencement of manufacturing activity, the assessee stated that the firm came into existence on 20.03.2000, registered as an EOU on 29.03.2000 and has commenced manufacturing activity only after 01.04.2000.

With regard to the discrepancy pointed out by the Assessing Officer in the notice dated 25.01.2017, the assessee stated that the substance over Form is required to be taken into consideration and mere reporting of the date in the Form 56G does not give a conclusive picture as to the date of starting of manufacturing activity which is only in the month of April or which only in the assessment year 2001-02 which has been clearly claimed as the first year of exemption. Therefore, the assessee requested to drop all the assessment proceedings and reopen the assessment.

Single member bench [2018 (10) TMI 442 - MADRAS HIGH COURT], while entertaining the writ petition, has observed that:

Every non disclosure of material facts will not or cannot be a justifiable reason for reopening sustainable under judicial scrutiny.

On the other hand, such non disclosure of a material fact must be of such nature that, but for such non disclosure, the income, relatable to such material fact, would not have escaped assessment. In other words, it should lead to an irrebuttable conclusion that by the conduct of the assessee, either by providing wrong or incorrect particulars or by not providing the full and correct particulars, he should have made the Assessing Officer not to bring a particular income to tax, which is otherwise liable to be taxed. If this test is applied to the present case, I am of the view that the Revenue has to fail.

Revenue took the matter before the division bench of the High Court [2019 (7) TMI 415 - MADRAS HIGH COURT] wherein it was observed that:-

There can be no escape from this fact and the assessee should accept this mistake.................It may be true that the assessee can now take a stand that substance over form is to be considered but what is important is that the assessee at the first instance had a duty to give proper and correct details. We may say that the assessee failed in doing so. Be that as it may, what is required on the part of the Assessing Officer is not to go mechanically by the details disclosed by the assessee in the statutory form and or for that matter signed and certified by the Chartered Accountant. The Assessing Officer being cast with a statutory duty an enquiry is required to test the correctness of the disclosure made in such statutory forms. This is why the concept of substance over form was always preferred by Courts while dealing with such matters.

The second mistake which the assessee committed, which had invited the problem, was not mentioning the correct date of commencement of commercial production in its reply dated 02.02.2007 and this again was submitted through the very same Chartered Accountant. In the reply, there is a vague statement with regard to the commencement of manufacturing activity and what has been stated is that the assessee commenced manufacturing activity only after 01.04.2000. Thus, we are of the view that the assessee appears to have not been very seriously contesting the matter at the relevant point of time. Wisdom dawned upon the assessee only after the appellant passed the order dated 13.02.2017. It is thereafter the assessee through their Chartered Accountant gave the exact date of production/manufacture as 25.05.2000.

Keeping aside all these issues, we have examined the correctness of the order passed by the learned Single Bench and we note with approval the findings of the learned Single Bench in paragraphs 16 and 17 of the impugned order. The above finding rendered by the learned Single Bench is just and proper.

As pointed out by the learned Single Bench every non-disclosure of material facts will not or cannot be a justifiable reason for reopening an assessment. We reiterate that what was required to be considered is that, substance over form.

Therefore, we are of the considered view that the learned Single Bench was perfectly right in allowing the writ petition which had been done after thorough examination of the facts and the legal position. In our considered view the revenue has not made out any grounds to interfere with the order passed by the learned Single Bench.

 


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2019 (7) TMI 415 - MADRAS HIGH COURT

2018 (10) TMI 442 - MADRAS HIGH COURT

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Acts Income Tax