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    Role of the Transfer Pricing Officer in Ensuring Arm’s Length Compliance : Clause 166 of the Incom...
    Reframing Arm's Length Pricing in India's Evolving Transfer Pricing Regime : Clause 165 of the Incom...
    Meaning of Specified Domestic Transactions under Clause 164 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 92B...
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    Act RulesBills
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    Arm's length pricing: multi year ALP option expands certainty and permits roll forward of transfer pricing determinations.
    Clause 166 authorises the Assessing Officer to refer international and specified domestic related party transactions to a Transfer Pricing Officer for determination of the arm's length price, subject to prior approval; mandates notice, hearing, prescribed transfer pricing methods, and communication of the TPO order to AO and assessee; empowers the TPO to examine unreported transactions and to validate a taxpayer's option to apply a determined ALP to similar subsequent years, with rectification powers and corresponding AO amendment obligations, and permits issuance of Board guidelines to implement the multi year regime.
    Act RulesBills
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    Arm's length price determination: new clause refines methods and AO powers, emphasizing documentation and prescribed procedures.
    Determination of Arm's Length Price requires selecting the most appropriate method from prescribed alternatives based on the transaction's nature, associated enterprise class, and functional analysis; where a single comparable price is found it is the arm's length price subject to a prescribed tolerance, while multiple prices must be reconciled in a prescribed manner. The tax authority may determine ALP during assessment if methods were not followed or documentation is inadequate, but must issue a show cause notice before adjustment; adjustments permit recomputation of total income and restrict deductions on enhanced income, with safeguards to prevent double adjustment.
    Act RulesBills
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    Specified domestic transaction: extending transfer pricing to high-value related-party domestic dealings, subject to arm's length compliance.
    Clause 164 defines specified domestic transaction by enumerating categories of non-international related-party dealings brought under transfer pricing when aggregate annual value exceeds a high-value threshold, includes a residual prescription power to notify additional transactions, and requires contemporaneous documentation and benchmarking to ensure compliance with the arm's length principle.
    Act RulesBills
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    International transaction scope expanded broadens transfer pricing coverage to intangibles and indirect dealings, including restructuring and financing arrangements.
    Clause 163 defines international transaction expansively to include tangible and intangible property (expressly including transfer), capital financing, services, business restructuring, cost sharing and any transaction affecting profits, income, losses or assets; it reproduces an illustrative list of intangibles and contains a deeming rule treating dealings with third parties as international transactions where terms are determined with or pursuant to an associated enterprise, thereby widening transfer pricing coverage and anti avoidance reach.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
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    Presumptive taxation: partner remuneration and interest cannot be treated as individual business turnover for presumptive tax purposes.
    Section 44AD applies only where the assessee carries on an eligible business and has actual turnover or gross receipts attributable to that assessee. Remuneration and interest paid by a partnership firm to a partner arise from the firm's accounts and partnership agreement; although Section 28(v) taxes such receipts in the hands of the partner, that deeming does not convert them into the partner's turnover or gross receipts for Section 44AD. Section 40(b) governs firm deductibility but does not create an independent business activity in the partner; hence such receipts cannot be subjected to Section 44AD presumptive taxation.
    Act RulesBills
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    Associated enterprise definition expands transfer pricing scope to include specified domestic transactions and indirect control.
    Clause 162 defines associated enterprise through a general limb covering direct or indirect participation in management, control or capital and a list of deeming provisions-equity thresholds, significant loans and guarantees, board control, dependence on intangibles, supply and sales dependence, and familial/HUF control-while expressly extending the concept to specified domestic transactions and retaining prescribed catch-all and subjective influence tests that may require further guidance.
    Act RulesBills
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    Arm's length price requirement drives transfer pricing adjustments to prevent profit shifting and protect the tax base.
    Clause 161 mandates computation of income and the allowance of expenses or interest for international and specified domestic transactions among associated enterprises with reference to the arm's length price, requires arm's length allocation for shared costs or services, and prohibits transfer pricing adjustments that would reduce taxable income or increase losses, thereby strengthening scrutiny of intra group cost allocations and deductions to prevent profit shifting.
    Act RulesBills
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    Unilateral double taxation relief limits credit to the lower of domestic or foreign tax rates and requires proof of foreign tax payment.
    Clause 160 provides unilateral relief for Indian residents and non-resident partners taxed on foreign income where no DTAA exists, limited to the lower of the Indian tax rate or the foreign tax rate, requires proof of foreign tax payment, and defines key terms to include excess profits or business profits taxes; it modernizes terminology and omits a prior country-specific carve-out, while raising evidentiary and computational ambiguities.
    Act RulesBills
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    Double taxation relief framework modernised: new clause clarifies treaty adoption, anti abuse safeguards, and documentation requirements.
    Clause 159 empowers the Central Government to enter into and adopt agreements with foreign countries and notified specified territories, and permits specified domestic associations to enter into sectoral agreements subject to governmental adoption and notification. Agreements may provide relief from double taxation, avoidance of double taxation constrained by anti abuse safeguards, exchange of information to prevent evasion, and mutual assistance in tax recovery. The Act's provisions apply to the extent more beneficial to the taxpayer, but anti abuse measures in Chapter XI apply notwithstanding such benefit. Non residents must furnish a certificate of residence and prescribed documentation to claim treaty relief.
    Act RulesBills
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    Treaty interpretation and anti-abuse primacy clarified: government may adopt association agreements while preserving treaty benefit limits.
    Clause 159 authorises the Central Government to enter into agreements with foreign countries or notified territories and to adopt agreements between notified specified associations for double taxation relief, exchange of information, and mutual assistance in recovery. Taxpayers may claim the more beneficial of domestic law or a notified agreement, subject to documentary requirements for non-residents and the primacy of chapter-level anti-abuse provisions. A four-tier interpretive hierarchy for treaty terms is provided, with retrospective effect from the agreement's commencement.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Relief from taxation on foreign retirement accounts aligns Indian tax timing with foreign withdrawal taxation to prevent double taxation.
    Clause 158 aligns Indian taxation of income from foreign retirement accounts with the foreign tax event by restricting relief to specified accounts in notified countries opened while the taxpayer was non resident, and by delegating timing and procedural details to rules to prevent double taxation, address timing mismatches, and guard against abuse.
    Act RulesBills
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    Relief for irregular salary receipts: claim based allocation to prior years with computation and procedures delegated to rules.
    Clause 157 provides relief where lump sum receipts (arrear or advance salary, salary for over twelve months, profits in lieu of salary, and arrears of family pension) cause an assessment at a higher rate. Relief is claim based on application to the Assessing Officer and requires allocation of amounts to earlier years; the Assessing Officer grants relief as prescribed in rules. An anti abuse exclusion denies relief where a deduction for the same amount has already been claimed, and computation, procedural steps and particulars (e.g., Form 10E practice) are to be specified by rules.
    Case LawsGST
    Show AI Summary
    Mutuality doctrine shields club-member transactions from GST; statutory deeming fiction held unconstitutional, retrospective levy invalid.
    The Kerala High Court held that the doctrine of mutuality insulates transactions between an association and its members from GST because the concepts of "supply" and "service" require distinct persons; statutory deeming provisions treating associations and members as separate persons are ultra vires Article 246A and related constitutional provisions, and retrospective application of those amendments is invalid as unfair and contrary to the rule of law.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Rebate for resident individuals: expanded two-tier relief and tapered withdrawal to avoid abrupt tax cliffs.
    Clause 156 creates a two-tier rebate: a general rebate for resident individuals below a base threshold and an enhanced rebate for taxpayers opting into the new tax regime with a higher threshold and larger maximum rebate. The enhanced rebate includes a tapering mechanism for incomes above its threshold and an express cap preventing the rebate from exceeding actual tax liability, with computation rules tied to the new-regime tax rates.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Rebate allowance framework modernisation - rebates applied after tax computation and capped to prevent negative tax liability.
    Allowance of rebates is enabled by Clause 155, which permits rebates to be deducted from income-tax computed on total income after tax computation and before other chapter deductions, and caps aggregate rebates so they cannot exceed the tax computed prior to rebates; the substantive conditions and limits are delegated to Section 156.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Taxation of member's share: entity-level tax exempts members, unless the entity is untaxed or taxed below top rate.
    Clause 310 establishes that a member's share of income from an AOP/BOI is exempt from tax in the member's hands when the association/body is taxed on that income; if the AOP/BOI is not chargeable to tax the member's share is taxed in the member's hands; and if the AOP/BOI is taxed at the maximum marginal rate the member's share is excluded from his total income, otherwise the member's share is included in his total income.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Deduction for disability: standardized tax relief retained with mandatory medical certification and prescribed certificate submission.
    Clause 154 allows resident individuals certified by a medical authority as persons with disability or severe disability to claim a fixed deduction, contingent on furnishing the prescribed certificate with the return and on certificate validity and reassessment rules; definitions are cross referenced to a Bill provision for consistency.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Deduction for interest on deposits expanded to include senior citizens and time deposits, consolidating small-saver relief.
    Clause 153 provides a statutory deduction for interest on deposits to individuals, senior citizens, and HUFs, specifying eligible institutions (banks, cooperative banking societies, and post offices), preserving denial of deductions for interest held by or on behalf of firms, AOPs, or BOIs, and defining time deposits. It consolidates prior disparate provisions by including senior citizens within the same clause with expanded coverage for time deposits, while maintaining the existing deduction treatment for non senior individuals and HUFs.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Patent royalty deduction for resident inventors: capped, certified relief tied to repatriated foreign receipts and compulsory licence limits.
    Clause 152 provides a statutory deduction for resident individual patentees in respect of royalty from patents registered on or after 1 April 2003, subject to a statutory annual ceiling and procedural certification. Deductions in compulsory licence cases are limited to Controller determined royalty; foreign-sourced receipts qualify only to the extent repatriated in convertible foreign exchange within the prescribed period and supported by prescribed certification. Definitions exclude capital gains and sales proceeds from the scope of "royalty," and certification by prescribed authorities is required with the return.
    Act RulesBills
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    Deduction for authors' royalty income limited by a fixed cap and repatriation plus certification requirements.
    Clause 151 grants a deduction to resident individual authors for professional income from copyright assignment or royalties for literary, artistic, or scientific books (excluding textbooks), subject to a fixed monetary cap and a royalty to sales limit for non lump sum receipts. Foreign income qualifies only if repatriated in convertible exchange within a prescribed period and accompanied by prescribed certification, and claimants must submit payer verified certificates with returns; double deduction for the same income is expressly prohibited.

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      PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES AND CLARIFICATORY AMENDMENTS IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS - FINANCE (No.2) BILL, 2019

      5 July, 2019

      Contents
      Rules & Regulations
      Summary
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      PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES AND CLARIFICATORY AMENDMENTS IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS

      S. No

      Heading, sub-heading tariff item

      Commodity

      From

      To

       

       

      Defence 

       

       

      1

      Any Chapter 

      Specified Defence equipment and their parts imported by the Ministry of Defence or the Armed Forces

      Applicable rate

      Nil

       

       

      Medical Devices

       

       

      2

      Any Chapter

      Raw material, parts or accessories  for use manufacture of artificial kidneys, disposable sterilized dialyzer and micro-barrier of artificial kidney

      Applicable rate

      Nil

       

       

      Food processing

       

       

      3

      0801 32 10

      Cashew kernel broken 

      ₹ 60/ Kg or45%, whichever is higher

      70%

      4

      0801 32 20,

      0801 32 90

      Cashew kernel whole, Cashew nuts shelled, others 

      ₹ 75/ Kg or 45%, whichever is higher

      70%

       

       

      Nuclear Fuels and Nuclear Energy projects

       

       

      5

      2612 10 00

      All forms of Uranium ores and Concentrates for generation of nuclear power (Uranium concentrate U3O8 already exempt)

      2.5%

      Nil

      6

      2844 20 00

      All goods for use in generation of Nuclear power (Certain goods such as sintered natural uranium dioxide already exempt)

      7.5%

      Nil

      7

      9801

      All goods required for setting up of the following power projects under project imports: -

      a)Mahi Banswara Atomic Power project- 1 to 4, Mahi Banswara site Rajasthan

      b)Kaiga Atomic Power project – 5 & 6, Kaiga site, Karnataka

      c)Gorakhpur Atomic Power project- 3 & 4, GHAVP, Haryana

      d)Chutka Atomic Power project- 1 & 2, Chutka site, Madhya Pradesh

      Applicable rate

      Nil

       

       

      Oils and associated chemicals 

       

       

      8

      Chapter 15, 

      2915 70,

      3823 11 00,

      3823 12 00, 3823 13 00,

      3823 19 00

      Palm stearin and other oils, having 20% or more free fatty acid, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate and other industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids, acid oils from refining, for use in manufacture of soap and oleochemicals.

      Nil

      7.5%

       

       

      Petroleum and Petrochemicals

       

       

      9

      2709 00 00

      Petroleum Crude

      Nil

      Re. 1 per tonne

      10

      2710

      Naphtha

      5%

      4 %

      11

      2903 15 00

      Ethylene dichloride (EDC)

      2%

      Nil

      12

      2910 20 00

      Methyloxirane (Propylene Oxide)

      7.5%

      5%

      13

       

      Plastic and Rubber 

       

       

      14

      3904

      Poly Vinyl Chloride

      7.5%

      10%

      15

      3926 90 91,

      3926 90 99 

      Articles of plastics 

      10%

      15%

      16

      4002 31 00

       All goods i.e. Butyl Rubber

      5%

      10%

      17

      4002 39 00

       Chlorobutyl rubber or bromobutyl rubber

      5%

      10%

       

       

      Paper and Paper products

       

       

      18

       48

      a. Newsprint 

      Nil

      10%

       

       

      b.Uncoated paper used for printing of newspapers

       

       

       

       

      c.Lightweight coated paper used for printing of magazines

       

       

      19

      4901 10 10,

      4901 91 00,

      4901 99 00

      Printed books (including covers for printed books) and printed manuals, in bound form or in loose-leaf form with binder, executed on paper or any other material including transparencies.

      Nil

      5%

       

       

      Textiles

       

       

      20

      5101

      Wool Fibre

      5%

      2.5%

      21

      5105

      Wool Tops

      5%

      2.5%

       

       

      Flooring materials

       

       

      22

      2515 12 20,

      6802 10 00,

      6802 21 10,

      6802 21 20,

      6802 21 90,

      6802 91 00,

      6802 92 00

      Marble Slabs

      20%

      40%

       

       

      Inputs for Optical Fibres

       

       

      23

      28 or 70

      Raw materials used in manufacture of Preform of Silica:-

      (i)Refrigerated Helium Liquid (2804 29 10)

      (ii)Silicon Tetra Chloride and Germanium Tetra Chloride (2812 19 20, 2812)

      (iii)Silica Rods (7002 20 90)

      (iv)Silica Tube (7002 31 00)

      Applicable Rate

       

      Nil  

      24

      5603 94 00

      Water blocking tapes for manufacture of optical fiber cable

      Nil

      20%

       

       

      Precious Metals

       

       

      25

      7106

      Silver dore bar, having silver content not exceeding 95%

      8.5%

      11%

      26

      7108

      Gold dore bar, having gold content not exceeding 95%

      9.35%

      11.85%

      27

      71 or 98

      (a) Gold (excluding ornaments studded with stones or pearls) imported by an eligible passenger as baggage

      (b)Silver (excluding ornaments studded with stones or pearls)  imported by an eligible passenger as baggage

      10%

      12.5%

       

       

      Iron and Steel, Other base metals

       

       

      28

      7218

      Stainless steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of stainless less

      5%

      7.5%

      29

      7224

      Other alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of other alloy steel

      5%

      7.5%

      30

       

      7225, 

      7225 19 90

      Inputs for the  manufacture of CRGO steel:-

      a) MgO coated cold rolled steel coils

      b)Hot rolled coils

      c)Cold-rolled MgO coated and annealed steel

      d)Hot rolled annealed and pickled coils

      e)Cold rolled full hard

      5%

      2.5%

      31

      7226 99 30

      Amorphous alloy ribbon

      10%

      5%

      32

      7229

      Wire of other alloy steel (other than INVAR)

      5%

      7.5%

      33

      8105 20 10

      Cobalt mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy

      5%

      2.5%

       

       

      Capital goods

       

       

      34

      8474 20 10

      Stone crushing (cone type) plants for the construction of roads

      Nil

      7.5%

      35

      82, 84, 85 or 90

      Capital goods used for manufacturing of following electronic items, namely-

      (i)Populated PCBA

      (ii)Camera module of cellular mobile phones

      (iii)Charger/Adapter of cellular mobile phone

      (iv)Lithium Ion Cell

      (v)Display Module

      (vi)Set Top Box

      (vii)Compact Camera Module 

      Applicable rate

      Nil

      36

      84, 85 or 90

      Capital goods used for manufacturing of specified electronic items, namely-

      (i)Cathode Ray tubes;

      (ii)CD/CD-R/DVD/DVD-R;

      (iii)Deflection components, CRT monitors/CTVs;

      (iv)Plasma Display Panel

      Nil 

      Applicable 

       

       

      Electronics

       

       

      37

      8504 40

      Charger/Power adapter for CCTV camera/IP camera/DVR/NVR

      Nil

      15%

      38

      85

      Specified electronic items like plugs, sockets, switches, connectors,  relays.

      Nil

      Applicable rate

       

       

      Automobile and automobile parts 

       

       

      39

      8421 39 20,

      8421 39 90

      Catalytic convertor (All goods under these tariff items other than catalytic converters will continue at 7.5%)

      5%

      10%

      40

      8702, 8704

      Completely Built Unit (CBU) of vehicles falling under heading 8702, 8704

      25%

      30%

      41

      Any Chapter 

      (i)E-Drive assembly, 

      (ii)On board charger, 

      (iii)E-compressor and

      (iv)Charging Gun

      Following parts of electric vehicles: -

      Applicable rate

      Nil

      42

      87

      Prescribing actual user condition in respect of existing exemption from BCD to parts of Hybrid vehicles

      -

      -

       

       

      Oil rigs and other goods used for oil exploration

       

       

      43

      84 or any other chapter 

      Providing option to pay BCD at transaction value on the disposal of goods, imported without payment of customs duty for petroleum operations / coal bed Methane operations where such disposal is made in unserviceable and mutilated condition

      Applicable rate on depreciated value 

      7.5% on transaction value

       

       

      Export Promotion for Sports goods

       

       

      44

      39 , 4407 

      Foam/EVA foam (39) and Pine Wood (4407) are being included in the list of items allowed duty free import upto 3% of FOB value of sports goods exported in the preceding financial year subject to specified conditions

      Applicable rate

      Nil

       

      Clarifications and Miscellaneous changes regarding Basic Customs Duty

       

       

      Fisheries

       

       

      45

      2309

      Clarification is being issue that prawn feed and shrimp larvae feed, other than in pellet form will also attract 5% customs duty applicable on other fish feed in pellet form.  

       

       

       

       

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax