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    Comparative Legal Analysis of Aadhaar Intimation Fee Provisions : Clause 430 of the Income Tax Bill,...
    Compliance Fee for Delay in Furnishing Statements and Certificates : Clause 429 of Income Tax Bill, ...
    Fee for Delay in Income Tax Return Filing under Indian Income Tax Law : Clause 428 of the Income Tax...
    Fee for Default in Furnishing Statements of TDS/TCS : Clause 427 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Se...
    Legal and Practical Implications of Charging Interest on Excess Refunds under the Income Tax Regime ...
    Modernizing Interest Provisions for Advance Tax : Clause 425 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Sectio...
    Modernizing Interest Liability for Advance Tax Defaults : Clause 424 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs...
    Interest for Defaults in Furnishing Return of Income : Clause 423 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. S...
    Government's Rights to Recover Tax Arrears : Clause 421 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 232...
    Delegated Powers in Indian Tax Law : Clause 532 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 231 of the ...
    Legal and Practical Perspectives on Tax Clearance for Departing Individuals under Indian Tax Law : C...
    Uniform Recovery Mechanisms in Indian Tax Law : Clause 419 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Section ...
    International Tax Recovery Mechanisms under Indian Law : Clause 418 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs....
    Evaluating the Mechanism for Income Tax Recovery via State Governments in India : Clause 417 of the ...
    Garnishee Proceedings and Tax Recovery : Clause 416 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 226 of ...
    Analysis of Stay and Amendment Provisions in Tax Recovery: Clause 415 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 v...
    Validity and Amendment of Tax Recovery Certificates : Clause 413(4) of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs....
    Jurisdiction and Procedure for Tax Recovery : Clause 414 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 22...
    Evolution and Implications of Tax Recovery Provisions in India : Clause 413 of the Income Tax Bill, ...
    Legal and Practical Aspects of Penalty for Tax Default under the New and Old Income Tax Laws : Claus...
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    Act RulesBills
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    Aadhaar intimation fee imposed for belated compliance, payable on late intimation through subordinate legislation.
    Clause 430 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 prescribes an administrative fee for failure to intimate Aadhaar by the prescribed date: the fee is payable at the time of belated intimation, is to be set by subordinate rules subject to a statutory ceiling, and operates without prejudice to other consequences under the Act. The provision delegates essential operational elements-prescribed date, fee quantum, and collection mechanism-to rule-making while retaining a maximum cap and signalling continuity with the existing compliance approach.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Fee for delay in furnishing statements requires payment before submission and is capped at the amount concerned.
    Clause 429 imposes an administrative fee for failure to deliver or furnish prescribed statements or certificates by scientific research and charitable institutions, accruing daily and capped at the amount in respect of which the failure occurred; payment of the fee is required before the delayed document or certificate may be filed, and the levy operates without prejudice to other consequences under the Act.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Late filing fee for income tax returns: income linked penalties retained, alongside other liabilities and administrative discretion.
    Clause 428 imposes a fee where a person required to furnish a return under Section 263 fails to file within the prescribed time, with an income linked structure: a higher fee for those above a specified income threshold and a capped lower fee otherwise; the clause operates without prejudice to interest, penalties, or prosecution and retains administrative discretion through "not exceeding" wording for the lower slab.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Fee for default in furnishing TDS/TCS statements requires pre payment before filing and is capped by tax liability.
    Clause 427 imposes a statutory fee for default in furnishing TDS/TCS statements as triggered by section 393(3)(b), prescribing a fixed per day charge for each day of delay, capped at the amount of tax deductible or collectible, and requiring payment of the fee before delivery of the delayed statement; the provision operates without prejudice to other consequences under the Act and mirrors the substantive structure of Section 234E while omitting explicit commencement and detailed procedural rules.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Interest on excess refunds: Bill imposes interest from refund grant to regular assessment, with reduction if appellate orders confirm refund.
    Clause 426 charges simple interest on refunds granted under section 270(1) that exceed amounts determined on regular assessment, with interest computed from the date of grant to the date of regular assessment. Assessments under section 279 are deemed "regular assessment" for this purpose. Interest is reduced where appellate or revisionary orders ultimately validate the refund in whole or part. The clause mirrors Section 234D's core mechanics but changes cross-references and lacks an explicit retrospective application, raising transitional and interpretational concerns.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Interest for deferment of advance tax simplified to lump-sum rates, changing computation and compliance implications.
    Clause 425 prescribes lump-sum interest rates on shortfalls in advance tax instalments tied to specified due dates and percentage targets, retains partial compliance safe-harbours and exemptions for certain unpredictable income categories provided tax is paid by the final instalment, and defines the tax base for interest by allowing deductions for TDS/TCS and specified tax credits; it shifts from monthly computation to a simplified tabled regime while leaving interpretive gaps around new cross-references and treatment of early rectification of shortfalls.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Interest on advance tax: default triggers automatic monthly interest until assessment or regular assessment is completed.
    Clause 424 establishes interest for failure to pay advance tax or where advance payments are below the prescribed benchmark, charging monthly interest from the first April following the tax year until determination of total income or completion of regular assessment. Interest is computed on net assessed tax after reductions for TDS/TCS, foreign tax reliefs and specified credits. The clause clarifies interpretative points about regular assessments, excludes certain additional income-tax from the assessed base, allows reduction of interest upon pre-assessment payment, and prescribes additional interest on increments arising from reassessment.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Interest on late tax returns: monthly interest applied under new provision with clarified computation and adjustment mechanism.
    A formulaic charging provision imposes simple monthly interest on tax due where returns are filed late or not filed, with a matrix of scenarios specifying for each the starting date, ending date and tax base for interest computation. The clause mandates adjustment of interest following appellate or revisional orders to reflect the final tax, permits reduction by previously paid interest and credits, excludes certain additional taxes from the tax base, and deems specified first time assessments as regular assessments for interest purposes.
    Act RulesBills
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    Government's right to recover tax arrears preserved, allowing concurrent statutory and civil recovery remedies.
    Clause 421 preserves the Government's right to recover tax arrears by methods beyond the statutory recovery modes, expressly allowing reliance on any other law for recovery and the institution of civil suits; it authorises assessing officers or the Government to pursue such alternative or concurrent remedies notwithstanding that recovery under the tax statute is being undertaken.
    Act RulesBills
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    Delegated legislative power to frame broad tax schemes may permit statutory modification, raising oversight and legal certainty concerns.
    Clause 532 grants the Central Government a broad power to frame schemes for any purpose under the Income Tax Act by notification, aiming to eliminate taxpayer interface where technologically feasible and to optimise resources; it permits notifications to disapply or modify statutory provisions to implement schemes, validates amendment of existing schemes under the 1961 Act, and requires notifications to be laid before Parliament, raising questions about the scope of delegated legislation and safeguards for legal certainty and taxpayer rights.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tax clearance certificate requirement conditions departure to secure tax liabilities and imposes carrier liability for non-compliance.
    Clause 420 requires a tax clearance certificate or an undertaking from an employer/payer before certain non-domiciled persons who earn Indian-source income may depart, excepting tourists; domiciled persons must furnish prescribed information (including PAN) and may be restricted from leaving if the tax authority records reasons and obtains senior approval. Owners or charterers of ships and aircraft are vicariously liable for departures without clearance, and the Board may make rules for implementation.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Recovery of ancillary tax liabilities: non tax sums become recoverable using the same arrears procedures and enforcement tools.
    Clause 419 provides that any sum imposed by way of interest, fine, penalty, or any other sum payable under the Act shall be recoverable in the manner provided in this Part for the recovery of arrears of tax, thereby subjecting ancillary monetary liabilities to the same procedural recovery tools as tax arrears.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Mutual tax recovery enables cross-border enforcement by domestic authorities acting on foreign tax collection requests under treaty terms.
    Clause 418 creates a mutual tax recovery framework under international agreements: foreign authorities may send a certificate to the central tax board to be executed by the Tax Recovery Officer against residents or property in India in the same manner as domestic tax arrears, with recovered sums remitted net of expenses; conversely, the TRO may forward domestic recovery certificates to the Board for action abroad when the assessee is a foreign resident or has foreign property, with the Board acting pursuant to the terms of the relevant agreement.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Recovery through State Government: central income tax may be collected with local taxes when entrusted, expanding local enforcement.
    Recovery through State Government permits State Governments, upon entrustment under Article 258(1), to direct that central income tax be recovered in specified areas with, and as an addition to, municipal taxes or local rates by the same person and in the same manner as local taxes, creating a legal mechanism to integrate central tax enforcement into local recovery machinery while raising concerns about procedural safeguards, accounting, and dispute-resolution.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Third-party recovery enabling garnishee notices and conversion of non-compliant payers into defaulters for tax arrears enforcement.
    Clause 416 empowers the Assessing Officer and the Tax Recovery Officer to use alternative recovery modes pre- and post-certificate, including recovery from salary with statutory protection for exempt portions, a comprehensive third-party recovery regime through notices to debtors or asset holders (including joint holders, objection and indemnity mechanisms, discharge on compliance, and conversion of non-compliant recipients into assessees in default), court-application for funds held in judicial custody, and distraint and sale of movable property subject to prescribed manner and supervisory approval.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Stay of tax recovery: TRO must pause enforcement and amend or cancel certificates to reflect appellate reductions.
    Clause 415 requires the Tax Recovery Officer to grant time for payment and automatically stay recovery during that period; when a demand is reduced on appeal or other proceeding the TRO must stay recovery to the extent of the reduction while further proceedings are pending and must amend or cancel the recovery certificate once the reduction is final, establishing a mandatory, real-time mechanism to align enforcement with appellate outcomes and protect taxpayers from unjust recovery.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Finality of tax recovery certificates: TRO may cancel or correct certificates while assessees are barred from challenging them.
    Clause 413(4) empowers the Tax Recovery Officer to cancel a recovery certificate "if, for any reason, he considers it necessary so to do" and to correct "any clerical or arithmetical mistake"; Clause 413 as a whole bars the assessee from disputing the certificate's correctness at the recovery stage, while the correction power is limited to mechanical errors and procedural safeguards such as notice or recorded reasons are not specified.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tax Recovery Officer jurisdiction clarified: transferable recovery certificates enable inter jurisdictional enforcement subject to prescribed certification.
    Clause 414 sets the rule for which Tax Recovery Officer may effect recovery: the TRO where the assessee carries on business or has a principal place of business, and the TRO where the assessee resides or any of the assessee's movable or immovable property is situated. It permits transfer of recovery certificates between TROs when assets span jurisdictions or recovery cannot be effected locally, authorises the receiving TRO to act as if the certificate were its own, and requires certification in the prescribed form to ensure procedural integrity.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tax recovery certificate empowers administrative enforcement and bars collateral challenges to expedite arrears collection.
    Clause 413 empowers the Tax Recovery Officer to draw up a prescribed-form certificate under signature specifying arrears and to initiate recovery by attachment and sale of movable and immovable property, arrest, or appointment of a receiver. It permits parallel recovery proceedings, allows administrative cancellation or correction of certificates, and bars the assessee from disputing the correctness of the certificate at the recovery stage. Clause 413 expands recoverable property to include certain intra-family transfers made without adequate consideration from 1 June 1973, preserving liability for arrears predating a minor transferee's majority.
    Act RulesBills
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    Penalty for tax default: discretionary but capped enforcement with mandatory hearing and refund if liability is set aside.
    An assessee defaulting on tax payment is liable to a discretionary penalty in addition to arrears and interest, with the Assessing Officer empowered to impose successive penalties for continuing default. Aggregate penalties are capped at the amount of tax in arrears. Procedural safeguards mandate a reasonable opportunity of being heard and exemption where good and sufficient reasons are shown. Payment of tax before penalty does not extinguish liability, but penalty is cancelled and refunded if the tax liability is finally reduced to nil.

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      PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES AND CLARIFICATORY AMENDMENTS IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS - FINANCE (No.2) BILL, 2019

      5 July, 2019

      Contents
      Rules & Regulations
      Summary
      Note

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      PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES AND CLARIFICATORY AMENDMENTS IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS

      S. No

      Heading, sub-heading tariff item

      Commodity

      From

      To

       

       

      Defence 

       

       

      1

      Any Chapter 

      Specified Defence equipment and their parts imported by the Ministry of Defence or the Armed Forces

      Applicable rate

      Nil

       

       

      Medical Devices

       

       

      2

      Any Chapter

      Raw material, parts or accessories  for use manufacture of artificial kidneys, disposable sterilized dialyzer and micro-barrier of artificial kidney

      Applicable rate

      Nil

       

       

      Food processing

       

       

      3

      0801 32 10

      Cashew kernel broken 

      ₹ 60/ Kg or45%, whichever is higher

      70%

      4

      0801 32 20,

      0801 32 90

      Cashew kernel whole, Cashew nuts shelled, others 

      ₹ 75/ Kg or 45%, whichever is higher

      70%

       

       

      Nuclear Fuels and Nuclear Energy projects

       

       

      5

      2612 10 00

      All forms of Uranium ores and Concentrates for generation of nuclear power (Uranium concentrate U3O8 already exempt)

      2.5%

      Nil

      6

      2844 20 00

      All goods for use in generation of Nuclear power (Certain goods such as sintered natural uranium dioxide already exempt)

      7.5%

      Nil

      7

      9801

      All goods required for setting up of the following power projects under project imports: -

      a)Mahi Banswara Atomic Power project- 1 to 4, Mahi Banswara site Rajasthan

      b)Kaiga Atomic Power project – 5 & 6, Kaiga site, Karnataka

      c)Gorakhpur Atomic Power project- 3 & 4, GHAVP, Haryana

      d)Chutka Atomic Power project- 1 & 2, Chutka site, Madhya Pradesh

      Applicable rate

      Nil

       

       

      Oils and associated chemicals 

       

       

      8

      Chapter 15, 

      2915 70,

      3823 11 00,

      3823 12 00, 3823 13 00,

      3823 19 00

      Palm stearin and other oils, having 20% or more free fatty acid, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate and other industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids, acid oils from refining, for use in manufacture of soap and oleochemicals.

      Nil

      7.5%

       

       

      Petroleum and Petrochemicals

       

       

      9

      2709 00 00

      Petroleum Crude

      Nil

      Re. 1 per tonne

      10

      2710

      Naphtha

      5%

      4 %

      11

      2903 15 00

      Ethylene dichloride (EDC)

      2%

      Nil

      12

      2910 20 00

      Methyloxirane (Propylene Oxide)

      7.5%

      5%

      13

       

      Plastic and Rubber 

       

       

      14

      3904

      Poly Vinyl Chloride

      7.5%

      10%

      15

      3926 90 91,

      3926 90 99 

      Articles of plastics 

      10%

      15%

      16

      4002 31 00

       All goods i.e. Butyl Rubber

      5%

      10%

      17

      4002 39 00

       Chlorobutyl rubber or bromobutyl rubber

      5%

      10%

       

       

      Paper and Paper products

       

       

      18

       48

      a. Newsprint 

      Nil

      10%

       

       

      b.Uncoated paper used for printing of newspapers

       

       

       

       

      c.Lightweight coated paper used for printing of magazines

       

       

      19

      4901 10 10,

      4901 91 00,

      4901 99 00

      Printed books (including covers for printed books) and printed manuals, in bound form or in loose-leaf form with binder, executed on paper or any other material including transparencies.

      Nil

      5%

       

       

      Textiles

       

       

      20

      5101

      Wool Fibre

      5%

      2.5%

      21

      5105

      Wool Tops

      5%

      2.5%

       

       

      Flooring materials

       

       

      22

      2515 12 20,

      6802 10 00,

      6802 21 10,

      6802 21 20,

      6802 21 90,

      6802 91 00,

      6802 92 00

      Marble Slabs

      20%

      40%

       

       

      Inputs for Optical Fibres

       

       

      23

      28 or 70

      Raw materials used in manufacture of Preform of Silica:-

      (i)Refrigerated Helium Liquid (2804 29 10)

      (ii)Silicon Tetra Chloride and Germanium Tetra Chloride (2812 19 20, 2812)

      (iii)Silica Rods (7002 20 90)

      (iv)Silica Tube (7002 31 00)

      Applicable Rate

       

      Nil  

      24

      5603 94 00

      Water blocking tapes for manufacture of optical fiber cable

      Nil

      20%

       

       

      Precious Metals

       

       

      25

      7106

      Silver dore bar, having silver content not exceeding 95%

      8.5%

      11%

      26

      7108

      Gold dore bar, having gold content not exceeding 95%

      9.35%

      11.85%

      27

      71 or 98

      (a) Gold (excluding ornaments studded with stones or pearls) imported by an eligible passenger as baggage

      (b)Silver (excluding ornaments studded with stones or pearls)  imported by an eligible passenger as baggage

      10%

      12.5%

       

       

      Iron and Steel, Other base metals

       

       

      28

      7218

      Stainless steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of stainless less

      5%

      7.5%

      29

      7224

      Other alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of other alloy steel

      5%

      7.5%

      30

       

      7225, 

      7225 19 90

      Inputs for the  manufacture of CRGO steel:-

      a) MgO coated cold rolled steel coils

      b)Hot rolled coils

      c)Cold-rolled MgO coated and annealed steel

      d)Hot rolled annealed and pickled coils

      e)Cold rolled full hard

      5%

      2.5%

      31

      7226 99 30

      Amorphous alloy ribbon

      10%

      5%

      32

      7229

      Wire of other alloy steel (other than INVAR)

      5%

      7.5%

      33

      8105 20 10

      Cobalt mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy

      5%

      2.5%

       

       

      Capital goods

       

       

      34

      8474 20 10

      Stone crushing (cone type) plants for the construction of roads

      Nil

      7.5%

      35

      82, 84, 85 or 90

      Capital goods used for manufacturing of following electronic items, namely-

      (i)Populated PCBA

      (ii)Camera module of cellular mobile phones

      (iii)Charger/Adapter of cellular mobile phone

      (iv)Lithium Ion Cell

      (v)Display Module

      (vi)Set Top Box

      (vii)Compact Camera Module 

      Applicable rate

      Nil

      36

      84, 85 or 90

      Capital goods used for manufacturing of specified electronic items, namely-

      (i)Cathode Ray tubes;

      (ii)CD/CD-R/DVD/DVD-R;

      (iii)Deflection components, CRT monitors/CTVs;

      (iv)Plasma Display Panel

      Nil 

      Applicable 

       

       

      Electronics

       

       

      37

      8504 40

      Charger/Power adapter for CCTV camera/IP camera/DVR/NVR

      Nil

      15%

      38

      85

      Specified electronic items like plugs, sockets, switches, connectors,  relays.

      Nil

      Applicable rate

       

       

      Automobile and automobile parts 

       

       

      39

      8421 39 20,

      8421 39 90

      Catalytic convertor (All goods under these tariff items other than catalytic converters will continue at 7.5%)

      5%

      10%

      40

      8702, 8704

      Completely Built Unit (CBU) of vehicles falling under heading 8702, 8704

      25%

      30%

      41

      Any Chapter 

      (i)E-Drive assembly, 

      (ii)On board charger, 

      (iii)E-compressor and

      (iv)Charging Gun

      Following parts of electric vehicles: -

      Applicable rate

      Nil

      42

      87

      Prescribing actual user condition in respect of existing exemption from BCD to parts of Hybrid vehicles

      -

      -

       

       

      Oil rigs and other goods used for oil exploration

       

       

      43

      84 or any other chapter 

      Providing option to pay BCD at transaction value on the disposal of goods, imported without payment of customs duty for petroleum operations / coal bed Methane operations where such disposal is made in unserviceable and mutilated condition

      Applicable rate on depreciated value 

      7.5% on transaction value

       

       

      Export Promotion for Sports goods

       

       

      44

      39 , 4407 

      Foam/EVA foam (39) and Pine Wood (4407) are being included in the list of items allowed duty free import upto 3% of FOB value of sports goods exported in the preceding financial year subject to specified conditions

      Applicable rate

      Nil

       

      Clarifications and Miscellaneous changes regarding Basic Customs Duty

       

       

      Fisheries

       

       

      45

      2309

      Clarification is being issue that prawn feed and shrimp larvae feed, other than in pellet form will also attract 5% customs duty applicable on other fish feed in pellet form.  

       

       

       

       

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax