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    Act Rules Bills
    Voidable Transfers in Tax Law : Clause 499 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 281 of the Incom...
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Act Rules Bills
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Voidable asset transfers: transfers during tax proceedings can be voided against tax claims, with exceptions for bona fide transferees.
Clause 499 renders charges or transfers of assets void against tax claims when effected during proceedings or after completion but before service of recovery notice, covering transfers by sale, mortgage, gift, exchange or any other mode and an expansive list of assets including virtual digital assets. Exceptions protect transfers made for adequate consideration without notice and those with prior permission of the Assessing Officer, while stock in trade is excluded; the clause updates procedural references and preserves core safeguards from the predecessor provision.
Act Rules Bills
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Application of new criminal procedure code aligns tax prosecutions under updated procedures, altering prosecutor status and qualification requirements.
Clause 498 applies the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 to Special Court proceedings under the Income Tax Bill, deeming the person conducting the prosecution to be a Public Prosecutor and enabling the Central Government to appoint Special Public Prosecutors. Appointments require an experienced advocate with "special knowledge of law", and appointees are treated as Public Prosecutors within the BNSS definition, thereby importing BNSS powers, duties and procedural rules to tax prosecutions.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Summons case classification: minor tax offences must be tried by Special Courts under the new criminal procedure framework.
Clause 497 requires that offences under the Income Tax Bill punishable with imprisonment not exceeding two years, or with fine, or with both, be tried as summons cases by a Special Court, overriding contrary BNSS provisions and applying the BNSS summons-case procedure accordingly.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Exclusive jurisdiction of Special Courts centralises tax prosecutions, with cognizance only on authorised complaints.
Clause 496 mandates exclusive trial of income tax offences by designated Special Courts, subject to actual designation for relevant areas or classes of cases, and contains a non obstante provision giving it overriding effect over the general criminal procedure code. Cognizance by a Special Court is restricted to complaints filed by authorities authorised under the Act. Transitional rules preserve continuity by allowing designated courts to continue existing and future trials and permitting non designated courts to finish pending matters; the clause cross references the Bill's procedural provision to align competence within the reorganised statute.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Special Courts designation enables focused, consolidated trials for tax offences and aligns procedure with the new criminal code.
Clause 495 empowers the Central Government, after consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court, to notify one or more courts of Judicial Magistrate of the first class as Special Courts for specified areas, cases or classes of cases to try offences under the Income Tax Bill, 2025; it permits these Special Courts to try related offences joined at the same trial under the applicable criminal procedure and updates procedural references to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, while preserving the core scheme of Section 280A.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Unauthorized disclosure by public servants criminalised; prosecution requires Central Government sanction and carries imprisonment and fine.
Clause 494 criminalises unauthorized furnishing of taxpayer information or production of documents by a public servant in contravention of the Bill's secrecy provision, prescribes imprisonment and fine, and requires prior sanction of the Central Government before prosecution.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Admissibility of official tax records: certified copies allowed as evidence, easing prosecution while preserving challenge rights.
Clause 493 mandates that entries in records or documents in the custody of an income-tax authority "shall be admitted in evidence" in prosecution proceedings under the chapter and permits proof either by production of the original records or by production of a certified copy signed by the custodian stating it is a true copy and that the originals are in its custody. The clause covers varied formats of records, limits application to criminal proceedings under the chapter, and preserves courts' power to test genuineness and require originals where fairness demands.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Non-cognizable classification of specified tax offences requires magistrate sanction before arrest or investigation, limiting summary enforcement.
Clause 492 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 designates specified income tax offences as non-cognizable for purposes of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 by means of a non-obstante provision. As a result, arrest cannot be effected without a magistrate-issued warrant and investigations into those offences require prior magistrate authorization, imposing judicial gatekeeping at the threshold of criminal proceedings and constraining unilateral police action in tax enforcement.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Prior sanction for tax prosecution centralises oversight, enables compounding, and restricts arbitrary criminal initiation against taxpayers.
Clause 491 makes prior sanction by designated senior officers a precondition to prosecution for specified tax offences, authorises senior regional heads and the Board to issue directions, permits compounding of offences at any stage by senior officials, bars prosecution where specified penalties have been reduced or waived, and affirms that statements or documents given to tax authorities remain admissible notwithstanding an expectation of penalty reduction or compounding.
Act Rules Bills
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Presumption of culpable mental state shifts evidentiary burden to accused to disprove intent beyond reasonable doubt.
Clause 490 mandates that once the prosecution establishes the actus reus, the court shall presume the existence of a culpable mental state-broadly defined to include intention, motive, knowledge, belief and reason to believe-and permits the accused to rebut that presumption only by proving absence of such mental state beyond reasonable doubt.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Presumption regarding assets and documents found in searches shifts evidentiary burden, now including virtual digital assets.
Clause 489 creates a rebuttable presumption that assets (including virtual digital assets) and books or documents found in a person's possession during an authorised search, or received via requisition, are presumed to belong to that person and that documents' contents are true when tendered in prosecution, applied "so far as may be" by reference to the Bill's presumption provision and extending to other persons identified by the Bill's connected-person provision.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Presumption of karta guilt shifts evidential burden, requiring demonstration of due diligence to avoid prosecution.
Clause 488 places primary criminal responsibility on the karta of a Hindu Undivided Family by deeming the karta guilty of an offence by the HUF, subject to statutory defences of lack of knowledge or proof of having exercised all due diligence. It further deems any member guilty where the offence is proved to have been committed with that member's consent or connivance or is attributable to their neglect, creating independent member liability while preserving the karta's available exculpatory defences.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Corporate officer liability: deeming provision shifts initial burden to accused, with due diligence defence for tax offences.
Where a company commits an income-tax offence, the company and every person who was in charge of, and responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business at the time are statutorily deemed guilty and liable to prosecution, subject to a defence that the individual lacked knowledge or exercised all due diligence to prevent the offence; separate liability arises where the offence occurred with the consent, connivance, or neglect of officers, companies are punishable by fine while individuals may face full penal consequences, and definitions explicitly include firms and associations of persons.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Reasonable cause defence limits criminal liability for certain tax compliance failures, protecting bona fide taxpayers from prosecution.
Clause 486 creates a non obstante statutory reasonable cause defence prohibiting punishment for failures under the specified sections of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 when the accused proves reasonable cause. The provision places the burden of proof on the accused, preserves judicial fact specific assessment of reasonable cause, and operates to limit prosecutions for bona fide or uncontrollable lapses while directing enforcement attention to willful or egregious defaults.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Enhanced penalties for repeat tax offences impose mandatory imprisonment and fine upon subsequent convictions under specified tax provisions.
A prior judicial conviction under any specified income tax offence triggers enhanced punishment: a person again convicted under any of those listed offences is subject to mandatory rigorous imprisonment and a mandatory fine, regardless of whether the subsequent conviction is for the same or a different listed offence; judicial discretion governs the precise sentence within the prescribed range, and the provision applies only after a prior conviction, not mere charge or prosecution.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Abetment of false returns: broadened criminal exposure for facilitators with mandatory imprisonment and fines for culpable conduct.
Clause 484 criminalises abetment or inducement in making or delivering false tax-related statements, requiring that the abettor know the falsity or not believe the statement to be true. Punishment is tiered by the quantum sought to be evaded, with mandatory minimum imprisonment terms and fines, while procedural details and definitions such as "induce" are not specified, raising interpretive and evidentiary challenges. The clause mirrors prior law's structure but broad wording could implicate advisors and intermediaries absent judicial or legislative clarification.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
Falsification of accounting records: criminal liability for wilful false entries intended to enable another person to evade tax.
Clause 483 makes it an offence to wilfully make or cause false entries in books of account or other documents with intent to enable another person to evade tax, interest, or penalty; it requires proof of wilful conduct and intent but not proof that the beneficiary actually evaded liability, covers physical and electronic records relevant to tax proceedings, and prescribes rigorous imprisonment and a fine.
Act Rules Bills
Show AI Summary
False verification offences: criminal liability requires proved knowledge or recklessness, with graded imprisonment and mandatory fines.
The provision criminalises making false statements in any statutory verification or delivering false accounts where the person knows or believes the statement to be false or does not believe it to be true. Prosecution must prove this mental element beyond reasonable doubt. A graded penalty applies according to the financial impact of the falsity: substantial evasion attracts a higher term of rigorous imprisonment while other cases attract a lower term, and a fine is mandatorily imposed in addition to imprisonment.
Act Rules Bills
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Willful failure to produce accounts triggers criminal liability including imprisonment and mandatory fine under the new tax provision.
Clause 481 establishes a penal offence for willful failure to produce accounts and documents called for by a notice under section 268(1), or willful non compliance with a direction under section 268(5), punishable by rigorous imprisonment for up to one year and liability to fine, with criminal prosecution requiring proof of willfulness beyond reasonable doubt and adherence to procedural safeguards; the clause mirrors prior law while leaving the fine quantum unspecified and raising interpretative issues regarding the threshold for willfulness and potential overlap with other provisions.
Act Rules Bills
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Wilful failure to furnish return in search cases creates criminal liability, exposing taxpayers to imprisonment and fines.
Clause 480 penalises a person who, following a search and pursuant to a notice under section 294(1)(a), wilfully fails to furnish a return of income within the prescribed time. The provision requires proof of deliberate non compliance, treats the offence as criminal, and prescribes imprisonment along with a court levied fine, while prosecutions remain subject to ordinary criminal procedure and due process safeguards.

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PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES AND CLARIFICATORY AMENDMENTS IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS - FINANCE (No.2) BILL, 2019

5 July, 2019

Contents
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PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES AND CLARIFICATORY AMENDMENTS IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS

S. No

Heading, sub-heading tariff item

Commodity

From

To

 

 

Defence 

 

 

1

Any Chapter 

Specified Defence equipment and their parts imported by the Ministry of Defence or the Armed Forces

Applicable rate

Nil

 

 

Medical Devices

 

 

2

Any Chapter

Raw material, parts or accessories  for use manufacture of artificial kidneys, disposable sterilized dialyzer and micro-barrier of artificial kidney

Applicable rate

Nil

 

 

Food processing

 

 

3

0801 32 10

Cashew kernel broken 

₹ 60/ Kg or45%, whichever is higher

70%

4

0801 32 20,

0801 32 90

Cashew kernel whole, Cashew nuts shelled, others 

₹ 75/ Kg or 45%, whichever is higher

70%

 

 

Nuclear Fuels and Nuclear Energy projects

 

 

5

2612 10 00

All forms of Uranium ores and Concentrates for generation of nuclear power (Uranium concentrate U3O8 already exempt)

2.5%

Nil

6

2844 20 00

All goods for use in generation of Nuclear power (Certain goods such as sintered natural uranium dioxide already exempt)

7.5%

Nil

7

9801

All goods required for setting up of the following power projects under project imports: -

a)Mahi Banswara Atomic Power project- 1 to 4, Mahi Banswara site Rajasthan

b)Kaiga Atomic Power project – 5 & 6, Kaiga site, Karnataka

c)Gorakhpur Atomic Power project- 3 & 4, GHAVP, Haryana

d)Chutka Atomic Power project- 1 & 2, Chutka site, Madhya Pradesh

Applicable rate

Nil

 

 

Oils and associated chemicals 

 

 

8

Chapter 15, 

2915 70,

3823 11 00,

3823 12 00, 3823 13 00,

3823 19 00

Palm stearin and other oils, having 20% or more free fatty acid, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate and other industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids, acid oils from refining, for use in manufacture of soap and oleochemicals.

Nil

7.5%

 

 

Petroleum and Petrochemicals

 

 

9

2709 00 00

Petroleum Crude

Nil

Re. 1 per tonne

10

2710

Naphtha

5%

4 %

11

2903 15 00

Ethylene dichloride (EDC)

2%

Nil

12

2910 20 00

Methyloxirane (Propylene Oxide)

7.5%

5%

13

 

Plastic and Rubber 

 

 

14

3904

Poly Vinyl Chloride

7.5%

10%

15

3926 90 91,

3926 90 99 

Articles of plastics 

10%

15%

16

4002 31 00

 All goods i.e. Butyl Rubber

5%

10%

17

4002 39 00

 Chlorobutyl rubber or bromobutyl rubber

5%

10%

 

 

Paper and Paper products

 

 

18

 48

a. Newsprint 

Nil

10%

 

 

b.Uncoated paper used for printing of newspapers

 

 

 

 

c.Lightweight coated paper used for printing of magazines

 

 

19

4901 10 10,

4901 91 00,

4901 99 00

Printed books (including covers for printed books) and printed manuals, in bound form or in loose-leaf form with binder, executed on paper or any other material including transparencies.

Nil

5%

 

 

Textiles

 

 

20

5101

Wool Fibre

5%

2.5%

21

5105

Wool Tops

5%

2.5%

 

 

Flooring materials

 

 

22

2515 12 20,

6802 10 00,

6802 21 10,

6802 21 20,

6802 21 90,

6802 91 00,

6802 92 00

Marble Slabs

20%

40%

 

 

Inputs for Optical Fibres

 

 

23

28 or 70

Raw materials used in manufacture of Preform of Silica:-

(i)Refrigerated Helium Liquid (2804 29 10)

(ii)Silicon Tetra Chloride and Germanium Tetra Chloride (2812 19 20, 2812)

(iii)Silica Rods (7002 20 90)

(iv)Silica Tube (7002 31 00)

Applicable Rate

 

Nil  

24

5603 94 00

Water blocking tapes for manufacture of optical fiber cable

Nil

20%

 

 

Precious Metals

 

 

25

7106

Silver dore bar, having silver content not exceeding 95%

8.5%

11%

26

7108

Gold dore bar, having gold content not exceeding 95%

9.35%

11.85%

27

71 or 98

(a) Gold (excluding ornaments studded with stones or pearls) imported by an eligible passenger as baggage

(b)Silver (excluding ornaments studded with stones or pearls)  imported by an eligible passenger as baggage

10%

12.5%

 

 

Iron and Steel, Other base metals

 

 

28

7218

Stainless steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of stainless less

5%

7.5%

29

7224

Other alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of other alloy steel

5%

7.5%

30

 

7225, 

7225 19 90

Inputs for the  manufacture of CRGO steel:-

a) MgO coated cold rolled steel coils

b)Hot rolled coils

c)Cold-rolled MgO coated and annealed steel

d)Hot rolled annealed and pickled coils

e)Cold rolled full hard

5%

2.5%

31

7226 99 30

Amorphous alloy ribbon

10%

5%

32

7229

Wire of other alloy steel (other than INVAR)

5%

7.5%

33

8105 20 10

Cobalt mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy

5%

2.5%

 

 

Capital goods

 

 

34

8474 20 10

Stone crushing (cone type) plants for the construction of roads

Nil

7.5%

35

82, 84, 85 or 90

Capital goods used for manufacturing of following electronic items, namely-

(i)Populated PCBA

(ii)Camera module of cellular mobile phones

(iii)Charger/Adapter of cellular mobile phone

(iv)Lithium Ion Cell

(v)Display Module

(vi)Set Top Box

(vii)Compact Camera Module 

Applicable rate

Nil

36

84, 85 or 90

Capital goods used for manufacturing of specified electronic items, namely-

(i)Cathode Ray tubes;

(ii)CD/CD-R/DVD/DVD-R;

(iii)Deflection components, CRT monitors/CTVs;

(iv)Plasma Display Panel

Nil 

Applicable 

 

 

Electronics

 

 

37

8504 40

Charger/Power adapter for CCTV camera/IP camera/DVR/NVR

Nil

15%

38

85

Specified electronic items like plugs, sockets, switches, connectors,  relays.

Nil

Applicable rate

 

 

Automobile and automobile parts 

 

 

39

8421 39 20,

8421 39 90

Catalytic convertor (All goods under these tariff items other than catalytic converters will continue at 7.5%)

5%

10%

40

8702, 8704

Completely Built Unit (CBU) of vehicles falling under heading 8702, 8704

25%

30%

41

Any Chapter 

(i)E-Drive assembly, 

(ii)On board charger, 

(iii)E-compressor and

(iv)Charging Gun

Following parts of electric vehicles: -

Applicable rate

Nil

42

87

Prescribing actual user condition in respect of existing exemption from BCD to parts of Hybrid vehicles

-

-

 

 

Oil rigs and other goods used for oil exploration

 

 

43

84 or any other chapter 

Providing option to pay BCD at transaction value on the disposal of goods, imported without payment of customs duty for petroleum operations / coal bed Methane operations where such disposal is made in unserviceable and mutilated condition

Applicable rate on depreciated value 

7.5% on transaction value

 

 

Export Promotion for Sports goods

 

 

44

39 , 4407 

Foam/EVA foam (39) and Pine Wood (4407) are being included in the list of items allowed duty free import upto 3% of FOB value of sports goods exported in the preceding financial year subject to specified conditions

Applicable rate

Nil

 

Clarifications and Miscellaneous changes regarding Basic Customs Duty

 

 

Fisheries

 

 

45

2309

Clarification is being issue that prawn feed and shrimp larvae feed, other than in pellet form will also attract 5% customs duty applicable on other fish feed in pellet form.  

 

 

 

 

Topics

Acts Income Tax