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Electronic payment mandate triggers daily penalties for non compliance unless a taxpayer proves good and sufficient reason.
Clause 452 empowers the Assessing Officer to impose a fixed per day monetary penalty for failure to provide prescribed electronic modes of payment under section 187, subject to a saving where the person proves good and sufficient reason for the failure; the provision mirrors the former section 271DB framework but streamlines authority and lacks detailed procedural guidance.
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Monetary transaction penalty: discretion to impose a penalty equal to prohibited receipt unless good and sufficient reasons are proved.
Clause 451 empowers the Assessing Officer to impose a penalty equal to the sum received in contravention of section 186 unless the recipient proves good and sufficient reasons; the provision emphasises proportionality, vests discretion in enforcement, omits explicit procedural safeguards and mens rea, and mirrors the substantive penalty quantum and defence in the earlier statutory regime while differing in statutory tone and procedural concision.
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Cash transaction penalty: acceptance of prohibited loans or deposits triggers penalty equal to amount received under the new clause.
Clause 450 imposes a penalty equal to the amount of any loan, deposit or specified sum taken or accepted in contravention of the substantive prohibition, centralizes authority to impose that penalty with the Assessing Officer, and leaves key interpretive and procedural questions-such as the definition of "specified sum", the availability of a reasonable cause exception, and limitation and hearing procedures-to be clarified elsewhere in the Bill or by administrative guidance.
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Penalty for failure to collect tax at source: Assessing Officer may impose penalty equal to uncollected tax, discretion noted.
Clause 449 provides that any person required under Chapter XIX-B who fails to collect the whole or part of tax may be liable to a penalty equal to the amount of tax not collected, with the Assessing Officer empowered to impose that penalty; the clause covers total and partial failures, fixes the penalty quantum as equal to the uncollected tax, and does not expressly provide a reasonable cause exception.
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Penalty for failure to deduct tax at source: equal to unpaid tax, imposed at Assessing Officer's discretion.
Clause 448 penalises failure to deduct, pay, or ensure payment of tax at source under Chapter XIX-B and specified notes, imposing a penalty equal to the tax unpaid and vesting discretion to impose that penalty in the Assessing Officer; the clause covers partial failures and obligations to ensure payment but is silent on an explicit reasonable cause defence.
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Failure to furnish accountant's report under section 172 may attract fixed statutory penalty; procedural safeguards need clarification.
Clause 447 authorises the Assessing Officer to impose a fixed penalty of one lakh rupees for failure to furnish an accountant's report as required by section 172; the provision mirrors Section 271BA in structure and intent, emphasising a uniform fixed penalty to enforce documentary compliance, while raising issues about the scope of section 172, the absence of an explicit reasonable cause exception, and procedural safeguards such as show cause notice and opportunity to be heard.
Act Rules Bills
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Audit compliance penalty: failure to obtain or file mandated audit reports may attract a capped percentage-based sanction.
Clause 446 penalizes failure to obtain a mandatory audit or to furnish the audit report under s.63 by authorizing the Assessing Officer to impose a penalty equal to the lesser of a percentage of total sales, turnover or gross receipts for the relevant tax year(s) or a fixed monetary cap, thereby targeting both non-audit and non-filing conduct and centralizing enforcement discretion under a proportional, capped sanction.
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Penalty for diversion of charitable funds: escalating sanctions for benefits to related persons under the new income tax framework.
Clause 445 links penalties to the charging of "specified income" under section 337 where a registered non-profit applies income for the benefit of a related person. It covers direct and indirect benefits, vests discretion in the Assessing Officer to impose a monetary penalty during proceedings, prescribes an equal-amount penalty for the first violation and a doubled penalty for subsequent violations, and does not require proof of mens rea.
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Penalty for false accounting entries: false or omitted entries made to evade tax attract a penalty equal to the entry amount.
Penalty for false or omitted accounting entries applies where entries are material to computation of total income and made with intent to evade tax; penalty equals the aggregate amount of the false or omitted entry, extends to anyone who causes such entries, and covers use or intention to use forged documents, invoices without actual supply/receipt, and invoices involving non existent persons, with Assessing Officer and specified appellate officers empowered to impose the sanction.
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Penalty for undisclosed income: fixed tax-based sanction added to assessed tax for unexplained income, with limited exceptions.
Clause 443 authorises tax officers and appellate commissioners to impose a fixed additional penalty on tax computed in respect of income determined from specified unexplained sources, while exempting amounts voluntarily disclosed and taxed within the relevant year, and barring a duplicate penalty under an alternate penalty provision; procedural safeguards in designated procedural sections apply to the imposition and appeal of the penalty.
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Documentation penalties: new clause preserves ad valorem and flat penalties, reinforcing strict transfer pricing compliance for cross border transactions.
Clause 442 establishes penalties for failures to maintain, report, or furnish accurate documentation for international transactions and specified domestic transactions, comprising an ad valorem penalty imposed by the Assessing Officer or Commissioner (Appeals) for non maintenance, non reporting or incorrect information, and a prescribed authority's power to levy a flat monetary penalty for failure to furnish required information; the provision largely mirrors Section 271AA but omits an explicit "without prejudice" clause and does not address reasonable cause or proportionality concerns.
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Record keeping obligation triggers fixed penalty for non maintenance or non retention of prescribed tax records, raising proportionality concerns.
Clause 441 imposes a fixed penalty for failure to keep, maintain, or retain prescribed books of account and documents as required by the statutory reference provision, and vests authority to impose the penalty in the Assessing Officer and appellate officers. The clause applies an objective standard of liability, omits an explicit savings clause preserving other penalty provisions, and contains no express exception for reasonable cause, raising issues of cumulative penalties and proportionality.
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Immunity from penalty: mechanism to obtain protection from penalty and prosecution when tax is paid and no appeal is filed.
Clause 440 permits an assessee to apply for immunity from penalty and prosecution where tax and interest under the assessment/reassessment order are paid within the notice period and no appeal is filed; the application must be made within one month in prescribed form, the AO must decide within three months after giving opportunity of being heard, immunity is granted only after the appeal period expires and excludes cases of aggravated defaults, and an order on immunity is final and bars appeal or revision if accepted.

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AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017 - FINANCE (No.2) BILL, 2019

5 July, 2019

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AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017:

S. No.

Amendment

Clause of the Finance (No.2) Bill, 2019

1

The definition of “adjudicating authority” in clause (4) of section 2 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to exclude “the National Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling” (which is being created by various amendments in Chapter XVII of the CGST Act) from the definition of “adjudicating authority”.

[91]

2

A new sub-section is being inserted in section 10 of the CGST Act to bring in an alternative composition scheme for supplier of services or  mixed suppliers (not eligible for the earlier composition scheme) having an annual turnover in preceding financial year upto ₹ 50 lakhs. Further, explanation is being added to section 10 to clarify that:

 

i.

for computing the aggregate turnover to determine eligibility for the composition scheme, value of exempt supplies services provided by way of extending deposits, loans or advances in so far as the consideration is represented by way of interest or discount shall not be taken into account; and

 

ii.

for determining the value of turnover in a State or Union territory to calculate tax payable, value of exempt supplies of services provided by way of extending deposits, loans or advances in so far as the consideration is represented by way of interest or discount; and value of the first supplies from 1st of April till the date when the taxpayer becomes liable for registration shall not be taken into account.

[92]

3

A proviso and an explanation is being inserted in section 22 of the CGST Act so as to provide for higher threshold exemption limit from ₹ 20 lakhs to such amount not exceeding ₹ 40 lakhs in case of supplier who is engaged in exclusive supply of goods. 

[93]

4

New sub-sections are being inserted in section 25 of the CGST Act to make Aadhaar authentication mandatory for specified class of new taxpayers and to prescribe the manner in which certain class of registered taxpayers are required to undergo Aadhaar authentication.

[94]

5

A new section 31A is being inserted in the CGST Act so that specified suppliers shall have to mandatorily give the option of specified modes of electronic payment to their recipients.

[95]

6

Section 39 of the CGST Act  is being amended so as to allow the composition taxpayers to furnish annual return along with quarterly payment of taxes; and other specified taxpayers may be given the option for quarterly or monthly furnishing of returns and payment of taxes under the proposed new return system.

[96]

7

New provisos are being inserted in sub-section (1) of section 44 of the CGST Act so as to empower the Commissioner to extend the due date for furnishing Annual return (prescribed FORM GSTR-9/9A) and reconciliation statement (prescribed  FORM GSTR-9C).

[97]

8

New sub-sections are being inserted in section 49 of the CGST Act to provide a facility to the registered person to transfer an amount from one (major or minor) head to another (major or minor) head in the electronic cash ledger.

[98]

9

New proviso in sub-sections (1) is being inserted in section 50 of the CGST Act so as to provide for charging  interest only on the net cash tax liability, except in those cases where returns are filed subsequent to initiation of any proceedings under section 73 or 74 of the CGST Act.

[99]

10

New provisos are being inserted in sub-sections (4) and (5) of section 52 of the CGST Act so as to empower the Commissioner to extend the due date for furnishing of monthly and annual statement by the person collecting tax at source.

[100]

11

A new section 53A is being inserted in the CGST Act so as to   provide for transfer of amount between Centre and States consequential to amendment in section 49 of the CGST Act allowing transfer of an amount from one head to another head in the electronic cash ledger of the registered person .

[101]

12

New sub-section (8A) is being inserted in section 54 of the CGST Act so as to provide that the Central Government may disburse refund amount to the taxpayers in respect of refund of State taxes as well.

[102]

13

New clause (f) is being inserted in section 95 of the CGST Act to define the “National Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling”.

[103]

14

New sections 101A, 101B and 101C are being inserted in the CGST Act so as to provide for constitution, qualification, appointment, tenure, conditions of services of the National Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling; to provide for procedures to be followed for hearing appeals against conflicting advance rulings pronounced on the same question by the Appellate Authorities of two or more States or Union territories in case of distinct persons; and to provide that the National Appellate Authority shall pass order within a period of ninety days from the date of filing of the appeal respectively.

[104]

15

Section 102 of  the CGST Act is being amended so as to allow the National Appellate Authority to amend any order passed by it so as to rectify any error apparent on the face of the record, within a period of six months from the date of the order, except under certain specified circumstances.

[105]

16

Section 103 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide that the advance ruling pronounced by the National Appellate Authority shall be binding, unless there is a change in law or facts, on the applicants, being distinct person and all registered persons having the same Permanent Account Number and on the concerned officers or the jurisdictional officers in respect of the said applicants and the registered persons having the same Permanent Account Number. 

[106]

17

Section 104 of  the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide that advance ruling pronounced by the National Appellate Authority shall be void where the ruling has been obtained by fraud or suppression of material facts or misrepresentation of facts.

[107]

18

Section 105 of  the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide that the National Appellate Authority shall have all the powers of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 for the purpose of exercising its powers under the Act.

[108]

19

Section 106 of  the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide that the National Appellate Authority shall have power to regulate its own procedure.

[109]

20

Consequent to the amendments in section 44 and section 52 of the CGST Act, section 168 is being amended so as to specify that in respect of sub-section (1) of section 44 and subsections (4) and (5) of section 52, Commissioner or Joint Secretary shall exercise the powers specified in the said sections with the approval of the Board.

[110]

21

Section 171 of  the CGST Act is being amended so as to empower the National Anti-profiteering Authority (under sub-section (2) of section 171 of the Act) to impose penalty equivalent to 10% of the profiteered amount.

[111]

 

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Acts Income Tax