Procedure on receipt of application: Board must forward application, call records, hear applicant, and issue certified rulings promptly.
Clause 384 requires the Board for Advance Rulings to forward an application to the Principal Commissioner/Commissioner, call for relevant records, and, after examining the application and records, either allow or reject the application by order. Mandatory rejection grounds include pending proceedings before tax authorities or tribunal, questions on fair market value, and transactions prima facie for tax avoidance, subject to exceptions. Rejection cannot occur without offering an opportunity to be heard and recording reasons; allowed applications must receive a written ruling within the prescribed timeframe and certified copies are to be transmitted to the applicant and assessing officer.

Advance ruling application procedure: removal of copy requirement and fee benchmark increases administrative flexibility for applicants.
Applications for an advance ruling must be made in the form and manner, and accompanied by the fee, as prescribed, with an applicant permitted to withdraw the application within thirty days; the provision delegates prescription of form, manner and fee to subordinate rules, and the enacted text removes a quadruplicate filing requirement and a fixed monetary benchmark previously stated in the Bill, thereby increasing administrative flexibility while placing compliance dependence on subsequent rules.

Revision of orders prejudicial to revenue empowers Competent Authority to revisit AO/TPO orders and direct fresh assessments.
The Competent Authority may call for and examine records of any proceeding and, if satisfied an AO or Transfer Pricing Officer's order is erroneous and prejudicial to revenue, may revise that order after giving the assessee an opportunity of being heard and making such inquiry as necessary; revision can enhance, modify, cancel or direct a fresh assessment, extends to AO/TPO functions and matters not decided in appeal, and is subject to a two-year limitation with specified exclusions and an exception to give effect to appellate findings.

Identical question procedure: deferral and preservation of departmental appeals pending a controlling higher court decision.
The provision creates an administrative mechanism where a Board specified collegium may determine that an identical question of law is pending in another case before a High Court or the Supreme Court and, on that basis, direct restraint from immediate departmental appeal while requiring a prescribed application to preserve the right to appeal later; if the assessee accepts identity the Assessing Officer files the application, otherwise the department proceeds with ordinary appeals, and subsequent appeals may be filed if the higher court decision does not sustain the earlier favourable order.

Identity of question of law enables taxpayer to seek application of pending higher-court decision and waive further appeals.
Section 375 provides an overriding procedure by which an assessee may declare that a question of law in a relevant tax-year is identical to a question pending in another case before specified higher fora; upon a prescribed declaration and, where applicable, a report and hearing involving the Assessing Officer, the assessing or appellate authority may admit or reject the claim by final written order and, if admitted, may dispose of the relevant case and later apply the final decision in the other case by amending earlier orders in conformity.

Appealability to Joint Commissioner (Appeals) expanded to include deductors and collectors, broadening standing to challenge subordinate tax orders.
Appealability to the Joint Commissioner (Appeals) covers specified subordinate Assessing Officer orders-intimations involving adjustments, assessment, reassessment, recomputation, specified assessment orders, penalties, and amendments thereto-with appeals barred if the impugned order was passed by or with prior approval of an authority above Deputy Commissioner. The enacted text expands standing to include deductors and collectors alongside assessees, clarifies objection language regarding adjustments, provides transfer powers between appellate authorities with a rehearing right on transfer, and permits Central Government schemes and Board exemptions to alter procedural or jurisdictional application.

Related-person tests broadened to include relatives' concerns and donor-threshold triggers, expanding scrutiny over non-profit transactions.
Section 355 defines terms governing registered non-profit organisations and related actors, including anonymous donation, approval, donation, commercial activity, registration, registered non-profit organisation, related person, relative, residual income, specified asset, specified person, specified provision, substantial interest and value. The definitions establish donor-based related-person thresholds, treat fee-for-service activities as commercial activity irrespective of income application, set a twenty-percent threshold for substantial interest in companies and concerns, and attribute specified assets based on acquisition source and timing, with certain carve-outs and cross-references to other Act provisions.

Approval for donor deduction requires statutory compliance with eligibility conditions, reporting and timelines, affecting charitable organisations' donor benefits.
Approval for donations under section 133(1)(b)(ii) requires application by a registered non-profit or specified person and satisfaction of seven conditions concerning charitable purpose, non-discrimination, limits on religious-nature expenditure, asset-use restrictions, regular accounts, prescribed statements and donor certificates. The Principal Commissioner or Commissioner has inquiry powers and fixed decision timelines; approvals have defined validity periods. Key operational elements-definitions, calculation rules for religious expenditure, prescribed forms and Schedule contents-are left to subordinate prescription and are not specified in the text.

Taxation of non-profit compliance failures: converts regular income into taxable income and restricts deductible expenditure.
Section 353 converts a registered non-profit's regular income for a tax year into taxable regular income where the organisation fails book-keeping, audit or return obligations or carries on prohibited commercial activity, permitting reduction only by narrowly specified expenditure incurred in India and subject to exclusions (not from corpus, not from borrowings, no capital expenditure, depreciation and payment restrictions), while additionally subjecting specified and residual incomes not included under that conversion to tax and displacing special-treatment provisions.

Tax on accreted income: exit charge on nonprofit net assets measured by fair market valuation after triggering events.
Special additional tax levies a one time charge on accreted income of specified persons (principally registered non profits) upon enumerated triggering events, measured as aggregate fair market value of total assets less total liabilities on a specified date, computed in accordance with prescribed valuation methods. Liability extends to the specified person and principal officer or trustee, and transferees may be assessee in default in limited dissolution cases. The earlier bill expressly empowered the Assessing Officer to compute accreted income after a hearing; the enacted text omits that express AO computation/hearing provision, and procedural timing and valuation rules await delegated legislation.

Cancellation of registration for non-profit organisations follows specified violations including misuse of income and impermissible commercial activity.
Section 351 enumerates specified violations by registered non-profit organisations that may trigger cancellation of registration: misuse of income, impermissible commercial activity, private religious applications lacking public benefit, non-genuine activities or non-compliance with registration conditions, final/undisputed external orders under other laws, and false information in the registration application. The Principal Commissioner/Commissioner may call for documents, hold inquiries, provide a hearing, and issue a written order canceling or not canceling registration, to be communicated to the Assessing Officer and organisation within a six-month timeline from the quarter-end of the first notice.

Return filing obligation for registered non-profit organisations triggered when pre Part income exceeds non taxable threshold; timing cross-reference amended.
A registered non-profit organisation must furnish a return of income for a tax year if its total income, computed without giving effect to the provisions of this Part, exceeds the maximum amount not chargeable to income-tax; the clause cross-references the general return-filing provisions for timing and procedure, and the enacted text modifies which procedural sub-clause governs the filing deadline.

Restriction on commercial activities requires incidental nexus and segregated accounting for registered non-profits under statutory provision.
Section 345 prohibits a registered non-profit organisation from carrying out commercial activity unless (a) the activity is incidental to the attainment of the organisation's objectives and (b) separate books of account are maintained for such activities; the Bill originally contained an in-text descriptive exception for organisations advancing objects of general public utility, while the enacted provision replaces that exception with a cross-reference to a statutory category in section 346.

Deemed accumulated income rule limits investment obligation and ties permitted modes to actual investment, changing compliance exposure.
The provision designates a deemed accumulated income amount calculated as a proportion of regular income after reductions for application of income and amounts accumulated or set apart; that deemed amount is excluded from the accumulated-income regime and, if invested or deposited, must be placed in modes permitted by the applicable investment provision. The enacted text clarifies the reduction base by expressly referencing the application-of-income mechanism and conditions the statutory constraint on investment modes upon an actual investment or deposit.

Application of income: qualifying paid sums and an 85% recognition rule for donations, with corpus treated as nil.
Clause 341 limits qualifying application of income to sums actually paid during the tax year that are allowable under sections 35(b)(i) and 36(4)-(7), recognises 85% of donations to other registered non-profits as application while treating corpus donations to other registered non-profits as nil, and permits reinvestment of corpus and repayment of borrowings as application only subject to five-year, post-31 March 2021 and compliance conditions, excluding depreciation already claimed and set-off of earlier excess application.

Specified income triggers convert exempt receipts into taxable income when organisational uses or investments breach prescribed conditions and thresholds.
Clause 337 lists events that convert otherwise exempt receipts of a registered non-profit organisation into specified income and fixes the tax year for taxation. It enumerates categories including anonymous donations (subject to a prescribed threshold and limited exemptions), amounts applied for related persons, overseas applications contrary to the application rule, investments or deposits made in breach of investment restrictions, corpus or accumulated funds used contrary to conditions, and income of business undertakings assessed in excess of books, while delegating computations and some definitions to subordinate rules.

Taxable regular income threshold clarified: application must meet application rules and accumulation must meet accumulation rules for exemption.
Section 336 prescribes that a registered non-profit's taxable regular income is nil if a prescribed threshold share of regular income for the tax year has been applied for charitable or religious purposes under the Part or accumulated for such purposes under the Part in that year; otherwise taxable regular income equals the prescribed percentage of regular income reduced by amounts so applied or accumulated in that tax year, with the computation anchored to the percentage base before deduction of qualifying amounts.

Regular income classification for nonprofits now covers charitable receipts, investment returns, contributions and permitted commercial gains.
Regular income for a registered non-profit comprises operational receipts from its registered charitable or religious activities, returns from property/deposit/investments (with a new distinction between wholly and part-held assets), voluntary contributions, and gains of permitted commercial activities; the Act changes terminology from "receipts" to "income," omits an explicit "capital or revenue" label for investment returns, excludes commercial gains from certain investment heads, expands cross-references to related provisions, and requires prescribed computation for commercial gains.

Non-profit registration: eligibility, irrevocable trust requirement, timelines and commissioner's power to enquire and grant or cancel registration.
Clause 332 sets eligibility and procedure for registration as a registered non-profit organisation: specified applicant categories; requirement of carrying out charitable purposes (per section 2(23)) or public religious purposes; properties held under an irrevocable trust for public benefit; differentiated filing windows, provisional registration, prescribed decision timelines, and validity periods (with extended validity for lower income applicants); Commissioner/Principal Commissioner empowered to enquire into genuineness, call for documents, condone delay for reasonable cause, and reject or cancel registration; uncured delay may attract taxability under the accreted income provision.

Change in constitution of a firm: assessment attaches to the firm as constituted at the time of assessment.
Where, at the time of making an assessment under sections 270 or 271, a change in the constitution of a firm is found, the assessment shall be made on the firm as constituted at that time; "change in constitution" includes partners ceasing to be partners, admission of new partners provided at least one pre existing partner continues, and changes in partners' shares, with a proviso excluding dissolution on account of a partner's death from the partner cessation limb.