Union Budget 2026-27 - Finance Bill, 2026

Under the existing provisions of the Income-tax Act, first an assessment order is passed and based on the findings or additions made in it and subject to the status of appellate proceedings, penalty is initiated in the assessment order by the Assessing Officer. Subsequently, separate penalty proceedings are initiated by giving a show cause notice and a separate penalty order is passed after giving due opportunity to the assessee.

2. Section 274 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (herein after as “1961 Act”) prescribes the procedure for imposing penalties and mandates that no penalty shall be levied unless the assessee is given a reasonable opportunity of being heard. It requires the Assessing Officer to issue a show-cause notice for which the penalty is proposed, and in certain cases, prior approval of higher authorities is necessary before imposing the penalty. The section ensures adherence to the principles of natural justice and aims to prevent arbitrary or invalid penalty proceedings.

3. Section 220 of the 1961 Act, deals with the payment and recovery of tax demand, stating that any amount specified in a notice of demand under Section 156 must be paid within 30 days of service of the notice. If the assessee fails to pay within this period, they are deemed to be in default and become liable to interest under Section 220(2), along with possible recovery proceedings such as attachment of property. The Assessing Officer may, however, allow payment by instalments or extend the time for payment, subject to conditions, to provide relief in genuine cases.

4. Section 245MA of the 1961 Act, provides for the Dispute Resolution Committee (DRC). It prescribes for the constitution of a DRC to resolve disputes of specified small and medium taxpayers in a cost-effective and expeditious manner. The Committee is empowered to reduce or waive penalties and grant immunity from prosecution, subject to conditions, with the objective of reducing litigation. The section lays down eligibility, procedure, and binding nature of the DRC’s order, promoting voluntary compliance and speedy dispute resolution.

5. In this regard, it is considered that the above scheme leads to multiplicity of proceedings, as eventually penalty has to be imposed based on the findings of the assessment order and additions made in it and subject to the status of appellate proceedings. Further, taxpayer remains in uncertainty regarding the status of imposition of penalty as the appellate proceedings may stretch to multiple years. In this context, a common order for both assessment and penalty for under-reporting and misreporting of income will ensure avoiding multiplicity of proceedings which in turn would reduce the compliance of the tax payers apart from providing consistency in levying of penalty.

6. Accordingly, it is proposed to amend section 274, to provide that, penalty for under- reporting of income under levied under section 270A to be imposed within the assessment Order. Further, section 220 is also proposed to be amended for charging of interest under section 220(2) only after passing of the order by CIT(A) or ITAT (for appeal against DRP orders ), as case maybe. Consequential amendment is also proposed in section 245MA.

The proposed amendments shall come into force in the Income-tax Act, 2025 from 1 st day of April, 2026 and shall be effective from 1st day of April, 2027, where any draft of the proposed order of assessment under section 275 is made or assessment under section 270 or reassessment under section 279 is made on or after 1st of April, 2027.

7. Further, similar amendments are also proposed in Income-tax Act, 1961 in section 274, 220, 234MA. It is further proposed that these proposed amendments shall come into force in the Income-tax Act, 1961 from the 1st day of March, 2026 and shall be effective from 1st day of April, 2027, where any draft of the proposed order of assessment under section 144C is made or assessment under section 143 or reassessment under section 147 is made on or after 1st of April, 2027.

[Clause 11, 13, 14]

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Union Budget 2026-27 - Finance Bill, 2026