Loading...

⚠ ✕
❮ Top
☎ Help
☰
×

By creating an account you can:

Logo TaxTMI
Call Us / Help / Feedback✕

Contact Us At :

✉ E-mail: [email protected]

✆ Call / WhatsApp at: +91 99117 96707

For more information, Check Contact Us

FAQs :

To know Frequently Asked Questions, Check FAQs

Most Asked Video Tutorials :

For more tutorials, Check Video Tutorials

Submit Feedback/Suggestion :

Email :
Please provide your email address so we can follow up on your feedback.
Category :
Description :
Min 15 characters 0/2000
Make Most of Text Search ✕
  1. Checkout this video tutorial: How to search effectively on TaxTMI.
  2. Put words in double quotes for exact word search, eg: "income tax"
  3. Avoid noise words such as : 'and, of, the, a'
  4. Sort by Relevance to get the most relevant document.
  5. Press Enter to add multiple terms/multiple phrases, and then click on Search to Search.
  6. Text Search
  7. The system will try to fetch results that contains ALL your words.
  8. Once you add keywords, you'll see a new 'Search In' filter that makes your results even more precise.
  9. Text Search
╳
Add to...
You have not created any category. Kindly create one to bookmark this item!
✕
Create New Category
Hide
Title :
Description :
❮❮ Hide
❮ Default View
Expand ❯❯
Close ✕
🔎 Filters / Advanced Search ❯
TEXT

Press 'Enter' to add multiple search terms. Rules for Better Search

Search In
Main Text + AI Text ❯
  • Main Text
  • Main Text + AI Text
  • AI Text
Law:
---- All Laws---- ❯
  • ---- All Laws----
  • Benami Property
  • Bill
  • Central Excise
  • Companies Law
  • Customs
  • DGFT
  • FEMA
  • GST
  • GST - States
  • IBC
  • Income Tax
  • Indian Laws
  • Money Laundering
  • SEBI
  • SEZ
  • Service Tax
  • VAT / Sales Tax
Types:
---- All Types ---- ❯
  • ---- All Types ----
  • Act Rules
  • Case Laws
  • Circulars
  • Manuals
  • News
  • Notifications
Sort By: ?
In Sort By 'Default', exact matches for text search are shown at the top, followed by the remaining results in their regular order.
Relevance Default Date
    News Bill
    Expanding the scope of immunity from penalty or prosecution under section 440 of the Act
    News Bill
    ​​​​​​​Expanding the scope of immunity from imposition of ...
    News Bill
    Deductions in respect of dividends received and distributed by certain cooperative societies
    News Bill
    Widening scope of deduction under section 149 by including ancilliary activities of cattle feed and ...
    News Bill
    Inclusion of Cooperatives registered under Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002 in the defini...
    News Bill
    Amendment of section 169 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 relating to providing effect to advance pricing...
    News Bill
    Exemption to a foreign company on any income arising in India by way of procuring data centre servic...
    News Bill
    Allowing expenditure on prospecting of critical minerals as deduction
    News Bill
    Exemption to a foreign company on income arising on account of providing capital equipment etc. to a...
    News Bill
    Exclusion of specified business of Non-residents which are under presumptive taxation from the appli...
    News Bill
    ​​​​​​​Exemption to non-residents for rendering services u...
    News Bill
    Extension of period of deduction for units in IFSC and rationalization of tax rate
    News Bill
    Rationalisation of certain terms for treasury centres in IFSC
    News Bill
    Rationalization of Minimum Alternate Tax provisions
    News Bill
    Rationalisation of TCS rates
    News Bill
    Clarification regarding jurisdiction to issue notice u/s 148 where income has escaped assessment and...
    News Bill
    ​​​​​​​Assessments not to be invalid on ground of any mist...
    News Bill
    Clarifying time-limit for completion of assessment under section 144C.
    News Bill
    Clarifying the manner of computation of sixty days for passing the order by the Transfer Pricing Off...
    News Bill
    Amendments in Chapter XIII -G for giving effect to extension of Tonnage tax scheme to Inland Vessels
❮
❯
❯❯
Maximize Maximize Maximize
0 / 200
Expand Note
Add to Folder

No Folders have been created

+

Are you sure you want to delete "My most important" ?

NOTE:

Notes
Showing Results for :
Reset Filters
Results Found:
Show All Summaries Hide All Summaries
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Union Budget expands taxpayer immunity to misreporting cases, allowing settlement by paying additional tax in lieu of penalty.
Section 440 is to be amended to allow immunity from penalty and prosecution where under reporting arises from misreporting, subject to existing eligibility and procedural conditions. Immunity requires payment of additional income tax equal to 100% of the tax on such income; for income determined as unexplained credits/investments/assets the additional tax payable for immunity is 120%. The amendment is effective 1 April 2026 for tax year 2026 27 onward.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Amendment expands tax immunity to cover under reporting that results from misreporting, subject to existing procedural conditions.
Amendment extends the existing immunity from penalty and prosecution to cases where under reporting of income results from misreporting, subject to existing conditions: payment of tax and interest within the demand period, no appeal against the assessment, timely filing of an immunity application within one month, and assessing officer decision on the application within three months.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Cooperative societies: deduction allowed on dividends from other cooperatives in new tax regime; limited federal cooperative relief.
Deduction is extended to dividends received by cooperative societies from other cooperative societies in the new tax regime, limited to amounts distributed to members. Notified federal cooperatives may claim a temporary deduction for dividends from companies for three years, restricted to investments made by the federal cooperative on or before 31.01.2026 and distributed to members. The amendment is effective from 1 April 2026 and applies to the tax year 2026-27 and subsequent years.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Union Budget expands deduction to include cattle feed and cotton seeds under section 149(2)(b) for primary co operative societies.
Amendment expands section 149(2)(b) to permit full deduction of profits and gains of a primary co-operative society where members supply cattle feed and cotton seeds to a federal co-operative society, Government, local authority, Government company, or corporation engaged in the same business, applying from the tax year beginning 1 April 2026.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Inclusion of multi-state co-operative societies in the co-operative society definition for tax purposes from April 2026.
Amendment expands the statutory definition of co-operative society to expressly include societies registered under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002, thereby bringing multi state registered cooperatives within the legal category subject to provisions applicable to co-operative societies under the Act.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Advance pricing agreements now allow associated enterprises to file modified returns within three months for covered tax years.
Where income is modified as a result of an advance pricing agreement entered into with any person, that person or any associated enterprise may furnish a return or modified return limited to the agreement, within three months from the end of the month in which the agreement was entered into, in respect of tax years covered by such agreement entered on or after 1 April 2026 for tax years beginning 1 April 2026 and subsequent tax years.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Exemption for foreign companies on income from procuring data centre services if routed through an Indian reseller.
A foreign company is exempt from Indian tax on income arising from procuring data centre services from a specified data centre, provided services to India users are routed through an Indian reseller; a specified data centre must be set up under an approved scheme notified by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and be owned and operated by an Indian company; the exemption applies from the tax year beginning 1 April 2026 through the tax year ending 31 March 2047.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Prospecting of critical minerals now qualifies for deferred tax deduction over ten years under expanded schedule provisions.
The schedule is amended to add critical minerals so that expenditure on prospecting and exploration of those minerals qualifies for the statutory deferred deduction available to resident taxpayers, with such expenses deductible over ten years from the year of commercial production and covering costs incurred in that year and up to four preceding years.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Exemption for foreign companies' income from supplying capital equipment to contract manufacturers in custom bonded areas.
An exemption is introduced for income of a foreign company from providing capital goods, equipment or tooling to an Indian-resident contract manufacturer located in a custom bonded area that manufactures electronic goods for the foreign company for consideration; the time-limited exemption applies up to the tax year 2030-2031 and takes effect from 1 April 2026, applying to the tax year 2026-27 and subsequent years within the stated period.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Non-resident cruise operations and electronics manufacturing services excluded from MAT when using presumptive taxation.
Amendment excludes certain specified non-resident businesses that opt for presumptive taxation from the scope of Minimum Alternate Tax, adding cruise ship operations and services or technology for establishing electronics manufacturing facilities for resident companies to the excluded categories, with prospective application to subsequent tax years.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Non-resident service providers: five-year exemption for foreign income when rendering services under notified Indian schemes.
An individual who has been a non-resident for five consecutive tax years immediately preceding their first visit to India to render services under a Scheme notified by the Central Government may be exempt, for five consecutive tax years commencing with that first tax year, from tax on income that accrues or arises outside India and is not deemed to accrue or arise in India, subject to prescribed conditions.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
IFSC units and OBUs will get a longer 100% deduction period and post-expiry income taxed at 15%.
Proposed amendments extend the 100% deduction under section 147 for IFSC units from 10 consecutive years out of 15 to 20 consecutive years out of 25, and for OBUs from 10 consecutive years to 20 consecutive years; business income from IFSC after the deduction period will be taxed at 15%. The amendments apply from 1 April 2026 to the tax year 2026-27 and subsequent years.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Treasury centre dividend exclusion limited to cross border group loans in notified jurisdictions with parent listed abroad.
Amendment restricts the dividend exclusion for inter group advances or loans involving a Finance company or Finance unit by requiring the other group entity to be located in a notified jurisdiction outside India and the group's parent or principal entity to be listed abroad; the Central Government will notify eligible jurisdictions. It also defines "group entity" by reference to the IFSCA (Payment Services) Regulations, 2024, and defines "parent/principal entity" by voting power and board control tests; the changes apply from 1 April 2026 for tax year 2026 27 onward.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Minimum Alternate Tax: MAT rate cut to 14% and treated as final in the old regime with limited credit set off.
MAT in the old corporate tax regime will be treated as final tax and no new MAT credit will be allowed; the MAT rate is reduced to 14%. Existing MAT credit set off is limited: domestic companies may set off MAT credit only in the new regime up to 25% of annual tax liability, while foreign companies may set off to the extent normal tax exceeds MAT in the relevant year. These amendments apply from 1 April 2026 for tax year 2026 27 and subsequent years.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
TCS rates on select receipts revised, including LRS and overseas tour packages, effective April 1, 2026.
Proposed rationalisation of TCS rates sets uniform rates and adjusts specific receipts: alcoholic liquor, scrap, and certain minerals rise from 1% to 2%; tendu leaves fall from 5% to 2%. Under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme, TCS for education or medical remittances over the prior threshold is reduced from 5% to 2% (20% unchanged for other purposes). TCS on sale of an overseas tour programme package is set at a flat 2% with the threshold removed. The amendment is effective 1 April 2026.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Reassessment notices will be issued by Assessing Officers, not NaFAC, clarifying the pre-assessment role and scope.
The amendment clarifies that the pre-assessment enquiry and the decision to issue a reassessment notice are carried out by the Assessing Officer and that the National Faceless Assessment Centre or its assessment units shall not be deemed to be the Assessing Officer for issuance of reassessment notices or related pre-assessment steps; corresponding amendments align the new income-tax statute and the clarification is made retrospective to 1 April 2021 while the new Act's amendment is effective 1 April 2026.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Computer-generated Document Identification Number: assessments not invalidated for DIN quoting mistakes if referenced in any manner.
Assessments and related proceedings under the Income-tax Act, 1961 shall not be invalid for mistakes, defects or omissions in quoting a computer-generated Document Identification Number (DIN) provided the assessment order or proceeding references that DIN in any manner; a reference to the DIN is sufficient compliance even if notices or summons contain minor defects.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Clarifying time-limit: section 144C timelines govern assessment finalisation; sections 153/153B govern draft order stage.
Timelines for finalisation of assessments under section 144C govern completion of assessment notwithstanding the time limits in section 153 and section 153B. Acceptance of a draft order requires completion within one month from the end of the month in which acceptance is received or the 30 day objection period expires; where objections go to the DRP, the DRP must direct within nine months and assessment must be completed within one month from the end of the month in which directions are received. Amendments will clarify this in the 1961 Act (with retrospective dates) and in the Income-tax Act, 2025.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Transfer Pricing order timeframe clarified to include the final limitation date and apply retrospectively to past cases
Clarifies that when computing the sixty-day timeframe for the Transfer Pricing Officer to pass an arm's length price order, the final limitation date is included in that sixty-day calculation; the amendment operates notwithstanding judicial decisions and is framed to apply retrospectively in the existing law and prospectively in the new tax code to ensure uniform interpretation and reduce litigation.
News Bill
Show AI Summary
Tonnage tax scheme extended to inland vessels with registration, training, and tonnage computation changes effective April 2026.
Amendments to Chapter XIII-G clarify that tonnage computation uses a "valid certificate" and, for inland vessels, the "certificate of registration" under the Inland Vessels Act, 2021; extend core activity coverage to include inland vessel passenger activities; require compliance with minimum training guidelines issued by the Inland Waterways Authority of India where applicable and adjust the compliance-certificate requirement to refer to the designated authority for inland vessels; add IWAI consultation for average net tonnage computation; and provide a definition of IWAI. Amendments take effect 1 April 2026 and apply to tax year 2026-27 and subsequent years.

TMI Notes

Back

All TMI Notes

Showing Results for :
Reset Filters
No Records Found

TMI Notes

Back

All TMI Notes

Comparison of SCHEDULE VI "INCOME NOT TO BE INCLUDED IN TOTAL INCOME OF CERTAIN ELIGIBLE PERSONS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES CENTRE OR HAVING INCOME THEREFROM" between the Income-Tax Act, 2025 (as passed) and the Income-Tax Bill, 2025 (as originally introduced)

18 September, 2025

Contents
Acts
Rules & Regulations
Summary
Note

Note

-

Bookmark

Print

Print

SCHEDULE VI - INCOME NOT TO BE INCLUDED IN TOTAL INCOME OF CERTAIN ELIGIBLE PERSONS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES CENTRE OR HAVING INCOME THEREFROM

Income-tax Act, 2025

At a Glance

Schedule VI in the Income Tax Bill, 2025 (Old Version). It lists categories of income not to be included in total income of certain eligible persons connected with International Financial Services Centres (IFSCs). It matters to non-residents, IFSC units, specified funds, offshore banking units, portfolio managers and investors in such funds. 

Background & Scope

Statutory hook: Schedule VI is presented "See section 11" and is annexed to the Income Tax Bill, 2025 (Old Version). The Schedule identifies income heads and categories of eligible persons whose specified incomes "shall not be included" in total income, subject to conditions in Column D and definitions in accompanying Notes. The Schedule addresses income relating to transfers on recognised stock exchanges in IFSCs, transfers of securities, income from securitisation trusts, derivative transactions with IFSC participants, royalty/interest on lease of aircraft/ship, portfolio management receipts, capital gains on shares of domestic companies with IFSC units, specified fund returns, dividend receipts from IFSC units engaged in leasing, and interest payable by IFSC units. Definitions and clarificatory notes appear as Note 1 through Note 7 and specify terms such as "convertible foreign exchange," "investment division of offshore banking unit," "manager," "permanent establishment," "securities," "securitisation trust," "specified fund," "sponsor," "trust," and "units." The Schedule incorporates cross-references to other statutes and regulations including the Reserve Bank of India, Securities and Exchange Board of India Regulations, the International Financial Services Centres Authority Acts/Regulations and the Special Economic Zones Act.

Statutory Provision Mode

Text & Scope

Coverage: The Schedule is a table of 12 distinct items describing income types that are excluded from total income of defined eligible persons. Each row sets out (A) a description of income; (B) the eligible person; and (D) conditions for the exclusion. Core items include capital gains on transfers u/s 70(1)(r) on recognised IFSC exchanges (Sl.1), transfers of securities excluding shares of resident companies (Sl.2), income from non-resident issued securities (Sl.3), securitisation trust income (Sl.4), NDFs/ODIs/OTC derivatives transfers or distributions (Sl.5), royalty/interest on aircraft/ship leases (Sl.6), income from portfolios managed in IFSC contexts (Sl.7), capital gains on domestic company equity where the domestic company is an IFSC unit (Sl.8), income from specified funds (Sl.9), capital gains on transfer of shares of Indian resident companies linked to relocation to a resultant fund (Sl.10), dividends received by IFSC units engaged in leasing (Sl.11), and interest payable by IFSC units for borrowings on/after 1 September 2019 (Sl.12).

Interpretation

The Schedule operates as a negative inclusion clause-income of specified description shall not be included in total income when the conditions are satisfied. Legislative intent, as evidenced by cross-references and delegated prescription language, is to create tax neutrality or favourable tax treatment for financial activities routed through IFSCs and for specified funds and their non-resident unit-holders, subject to regulatory/formal conditions to prevent abuse. The repeated use of delegated-law phrasing ("as prescribed") indicates Parliament's intent to allow Central Government/Regulator-level granular conditions and computations to be specified by rules/regulations.

Exceptions/Provisos

Carve-outs: Many exclusions are conditional-e.g., Sl.1 requires consideration in convertible foreign exchange and that exemption be only to extent attributable to units held by non-residents or investment divisions of offshore banking units. Sl.3 requires that the income otherwise does not accrue or arise in India. Sl.6 requires that the paying IFSC unit has commenced operations on or before 31 March 2030. Sl.8 confines the capital gains exclusion to specified 10-year windows from commencement of operations (or from 1 April 2023 where applicable). Sl.10 requires transfer to a resultant fund via relocation and restricts the benefit to the extent attributable to units held by non-residents. Several notes set out detailed definitional provisos; for instance, "specified fund" requires Category III AIF registration or IFSC fund regulation and unit-holding restrictions (allowing a sponsor/manager unit and limited resident holdings up to 5% subject to conditions).

Illustrations

  • Fund A, a trust in an IFSC with all units held by non-residents, sells securities on a recognised IFSC exchange and receives convertible foreign exchange. The capital gains on the transfer may be excluded from total income of the specified fund subject to the computation rules (Not stated in the document: precise computation formula).
  • Non-resident investor receives distribution from an offshore derivative instrument entered into with an offshore banking unit in an IFSC. If the contract is with an offshore banking unit or an FPI unit of IFSC and conditions as prescribed are met, the income may be excluded from the non-resident's total income.
  • A domestic company that is an IFSC unit engaged primarily in aircraft leasing commences operations on 1 April 2024. Capital gains arising on transfer of its equity in a tax year within ten tax years may be excluded for an eligible non-resident or IFSC unit purchaser, subject to the stated conditions.

Interplay

The Schedule expressly references several external statutes and regulatory instruments: the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (for convertible foreign exchange), SEBI AIF Regulations, 2012, SEBI FPI Regulations, 2019, IFSC Authority (Fund Management) Regulations, 2022, IFSC Authority (Capital Market Intermediaries) Regulations, 2021, Special Economic Zones Act (for definition of Unit), and domestic Income-tax Act sections (section 70(1)(r), section 70(2), section 173(c), section 221(6)(d)). The Schedule anticipates delegated rules for computation and qualification ("as prescribed"), indicating reliance on subsequent notifications/circulars to operationalise conditions and valuation/computation methodologies. Specific cross-references (e.g., to section 147 for IFSC units) are used to tie tax treatment to statutory characterisation of IFSC entities.

Differences Between Documents

  • (Sl. No. 9) - Treatment of income from a specified fund or on transfer of units: Document 1 (Schedule VI of Income-tax Act, 2025) explicitly records the entry in Column D as "Nil." Document 2 (Income Tax Bill, 2025 - Old Version) leaves Column D blank (non-filled).
    • Practical impact: The Act version removes doubt by expressly providing nil conditions for the eligible person, which clarifies that no further conditions are required for that entry; the Bill's version could have generated uncertainty on whether any qualifying conditions applied.
  • Drafting and formulation differences - use of legislative phrasing: Document 1 consistently uses "as may be prescribed" in several conditions (e.g., Sl. No.1(c) "shall be computed in such manner as may be prescribed"), whereas Document 2 often uses the shorter "as prescribed" or "as notified" in similar places.
    • Practical impact: The Act version's "as may be prescribed" is the conventional indicative of delegated legislation; the Bill's shorter phrasing is substantively similar but the Act wording aligns with settled legislative drafting norms and can be interpreted as a clearer delegation to rulemaking authorities.
  • Definitions structure for "specified fund" (Note 1(g)): There are re-arrangements and slight reformulations. Document 2 presents sub-clauses (A) and (B) and then (C) and (D) (with (C) stating location and (D) the unit-holding exceptions). Document 1 embeds the location requirement as part of the initial description ("a fund ... located in International Financial Services Centres") and then sets out regulatory regimes (I) and (II) and other descriptive elements.
    • Practical impact: The Act text (Document 1) is more tightly structured to associate regulatory regime and location in a single sentence which aids interpretation that location in an IFSC is an essential attribute; the Bill's layout might have been read as fragmented and therefore more ambiguous regarding whether regulation or location were independent requirements.
  • Specific phrase differences in examples and notes: e.g., Document 2 uses "monies" in Note to Sl. No. 12 whereas Document 1 uses "moneys" (spelling variation); Document 1 cites the International Financial Services Centres Authority regulations (with years) similarly to Document 2 but sometimes presents the regulatory citation with slightly different punctuation and parenthetical years.
    • Practical impact: These are drafting-level differences with minimal substantive effect but the Act's editorial consistency reduces risk of citation ambiguity.
  • Scope of some clauses (Sl. No. 5 and related notes): Document 1 expressly includes "over-the-counter derivatives" in the heading of clause 5(b) and in certain cross references, and clarifies that qualifying counterparty may be "an offshore banking unit of an International Financial Services Centre as referred to in section 147 or any Foreign Portfolio Investor being a unit of an International Financial Services Centre." Document 2 contains a similar formulation but with slightly different punctuation and omission of the phrase "as referred to in section 147" in one place.
    • Practical impact: Document 1's explicit cross-reference to section 147 and consistent phraseology provides stronger statutory linkage to IFSC units, reducing interpretive friction when applying provisions to offshore banking units and FPIs.
  • Computational/technical wording: Document 1 uses "shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Notes below the said Table" and similar phrasing; Document 2 has near identical phrasing but differs in capitalization and small syntactic points.
    • Practical impact: No substantive difference; primarily editorial and drafting refinement in the Act.

Practical Implications

  • Compliance and risk areas: Taxpayers and fund managers must ensure strict compliance with the unit-holding criteria for "specified funds" (non-resident majority with narrow resident exceptions) and with commencement-of-operations timelines (notably 31 March 2030). Failure to meet conditions will negate the exclusion. Reliance on delegated rules is necessary for computation-non-availability of notified rules would create compliance risk.
  • Record-keeping/evidence: The text implies the need to maintain documentary evidence of (i) convertible foreign exchange receipt, (ii) unit-holding registers showing resident/non-resident status and percentages, (iii) documentation of transfers on recognised IFSC stock exchanges, (iv) contracts with offshore banking units/FPIs for derivative transactions, (v) dates of commencement of operations for IFSC units, and (vi) particulars of relocation transfers between original and resultant funds. The Schedule itself does not prescribe specific documents-administrative rules likely will.

Key Takeaways

  • Schedule VI lists discrete income categories excluded from total income for specified IFSC-related actors, subject to conditions and definitions.
  • The exclusions primarily benefit non-residents, IFSC units, specified funds and their non-resident unit-holders to foster IFSC financial activity.
  • Many exclusions are conditional (convertible foreign exchange, unit-holding restrictions, commencement dates, 10-year windows), making eligibility fact-sensitive.
  • The Schedule relies on external regulations and delegated "prescribed" rules for computation and detailed conditions; absence of those rules may impede operational application.
  • Robust records proving non-resident status of unit-holders, transactional currency, dates of commencement and contractual counterparties will be central to claiming the exclusions.
  • Some drafting ambiguities in the Bill may have been clarified in subsequent Act drafting (e.g., explicit "Nil." for Sl.9 in the Act), underscoring the importance of checking final enacted text and notifications.

Full Text:

SCHEDULE VI - INCOME NOT TO BE INCLUDED IN TOTAL INCOME OF CERTAIN ELIGIBLE PERSONS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES CENTRE OR HAVING INCOME THEREFROM

Topics

Acts Income Tax