Loading...

⚠ ✕
❮ Top
☎ Help
☰
GST ▸
Central GST ▸
Integrated GST + ▸
UTGST / SGST ▸
GST Case Laws + ▸
Income Tax ▸
Income Tax ▸
Allied (Direct Tax) ▸
Income Tax Case Laws ▸
DTAA ▸
International Taxation ▸
Customs ▸
Customs Act / Rules ▸
Notifications / Forms ▸
Circulars / Tariff ▸
Case Laws / Manual ▸
FTP/SEZ ▸
Foreign Trade ▸
Notifications / Circulars / Appendix / Forms ▸
Special Economic Zone (SEZ) ▸
Corp. Law ▸
Company Laws ▸
Standards / Trusts ▸
Partnership / LLP / Societies ▸
Case Laws ▸
FEMA ▸
FEMA / FCRA ▸
Notifications / Circulars ▸
Manual / FAQ ▸
FEMA Case Laws ▸
SEBI / IBC ▸
SEBI ▸
SEBI Case Laws ▸
IBC ▸
IBC - Case Laws ▸
PMLA ▸
Benami Property ▸
Black Money ▸
Money Laundering ▸
Vivad ▸
Direct Tax ▸
Indirect Taxes ▸
Indian Laws ▸
Indian Laws ▸
Bharatiya Nyaya 2023 ▸
Finance Acts & Bills / Amendment Acts ▸
Case Laws ▸
Labour Laws ▸
Labour Code ▸
Old / Others ▸
Central Excise ▸
Central Excise - Cases ▸
Wealth Tax ▸
Service Tax ▸
Service Tax Cases ▸
CST / DVAT ▸
CST / VAT / Sales Tax ▸
×

By creating an account you can:

Logo TaxTMI
Keyword Search :
AI Tools : New
Ask tax questions in natural language. Powered by AI trained on the TaxTMI legal database. Use AI Tools ➞
Call Us / Help / Feedback✕

Contact Us At :

✉ E-mail: [email protected]

✆ To Call / Whatsapp, Check Contact Us

FAQs :

To know Frequently Asked Questions, Check FAQs

Most Asked Video Tutorials :

For more tutorials, Check Video Tutorials

Submit Feedback/Suggestion :

Email :
Please provide your email address so we can follow up on your feedback.
Category :
Description :
Min 15 characters 0/2000
Make Most of Text Search ✕
  1. Checkout this video tutorial: How to search effectively on TaxTMI.
  2. Put words in double quotes for exact word search, eg: "income tax"
  3. Avoid noise words such as : 'and, of, the, a'
  4. Sort by Relevance to get the most relevant document.
  5. Press Enter to add multiple terms/multiple phrases, and then click on Search to Search.
    6. Text Search
  6. The system will try to fetch results that contains ALL your words.
  7. Once you add keywords, you'll see a new 'Search In' filter that makes your results even more precise.
    8. Text Search
╳
Add to...
You have not created any category. Kindly create one to bookmark this item!
✕
Create New Category
Hide
Title :
Description :
❮❮ Hide
❮ Default View
Expand ❯❯
Close ✕
🔎 Filters / Advanced Search ❯
TEXT

Press 'Enter' to add multiple search terms. Rules for Better Search

Search In
Main Text + AI Text ❯
  • Main Text
  • Main Text + AI Text
  • AI Text
Law:
---- All Laws---- ❯
  • ---- All Laws----
  • Benami Property
  • Bill
  • Central Excise
  • Companies Law
  • Customs
  • DGFT
  • FEMA
  • GST
  • GST - States
  • IBC
  • Income Tax
  • Indian Laws
  • Money Laundering
  • SEBI
  • SEZ
  • Service Tax
  • VAT / Sales Tax
Types:
---- All Types ---- ❯
  • ---- All Types ----
  • Act Rules
  • Case Laws
  • Circulars
  • Manuals
  • News
  • Notifications
Sort By: ?
In Sort By 'Default', exact matches for text search are shown at the top, followed by the remaining results in their regular order.
Relevance Default Date
☰   Show Results ❯
    Case Laws GST
    Consolidated Show Cause Notices under Sections 73 and 74 and Taxability of School Affiliation Servic...
    Case Laws GST
    Fraudulent Input Tax Credit from Non-Existent Suppliers: Application of Sections 16, 74 and 155 of t...
    Case Laws Money Laundering
    Prolonged Pre-Trial Incarceration and Bail under Section 45 of the Prevention of Money-Laundering Ac...
    Case Laws Income Tax
    Prospective Operation of Section 56(2)(x)(b) in Stamp-Value Difference Cases Involving Immovable Pro...
    Case Laws GST
    Seizure of Cash under Section 67 of the CGST Act and Interest on Illegal Retention
    Case Laws Income Tax
    Disallowance of Salary Expenditure for Allegedly Non-Genuine Services under Section 37
    Case Laws Income Tax
    Fair Market Value of Unquoted Equity Shares Under Section 56(2)(viib) and Rule 11UA
    Case Laws GST
    Refund of Excess IGST Paid on Exports Following Clerical Error in FORM GSTR-3B
    Case Laws GST
    Revocation of Cancellation of GST Registration for Non-Filing of Returns under Section 30 and Rule 2...
    Case Laws Income Tax
    TOLA, Section 149 and the Surviving-Time Test for Reassessment Proceedings
    Case Laws Customs
    Provisional Release of Unseized Imported Food Consignments under the Customs Act, 1962
    Case Laws Customs
    Recovery of Unpaid Anti-Dumping Duty After Self-Assessment Under Section 28 of the Customs Act, 1962
    Case Laws GST
    Project-Wise Anti-Profiteering Methodology in Real Estate under Section 171 of the Central Goods and...
    Case Laws Income Tax
    Retirement Leave Encashment Exemption under Section 10(10AA)(ii) and Retrospective Application of No...
    Case Laws GST
    Transit-State Jurisdiction under GST: Limits on Detention and Penalty in External Inter-State Suppli...
    Case Laws SEBI
    Post-Facto Shareholder Ratification of Diversion of Preferential Issue Proceeds under the PFUTP Regu...
    Case Laws Income Tax
    Section 195 Withholding on Payments to Non-Residents: Royalty, Fees for Technical Services and Busin...
    Case Laws GST
    Penalty: Scope of "Any Person" under Section 122(1A) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017
    Case Laws IBC
    Recovery of Corporate Debtor Premises and Proof of Tenancy, Lease or Licence Rights under the Insolv...
    Case Laws GST
    Service of GST Notices through the Common Portal: Statutory Validity and Practical Accessibility
❮
❯
❯❯
Maximize Maximize Maximize
0 / 200
Expand Note
Add to Folder

No Folders have been created

+

Are you sure you want to delete "My most important" ?

NOTE:

Open Link
Notes
Showing Results for :
Reset Filters
Results Found:
Show All Summaries Hide All Summaries
Case Laws GST
Consolidated Show Cause Notices under Sections 73 and 74 and Taxability of School Affiliation Servic...
Show AI Summary
School affiliation services fall outside educational exemption without a direct nexus to admissions or examination conduct.
Consolidated show cause notices may combine financial years governed by Sections 73 and 74 where liabilities are segregated period-wise, each component independently meets limitation and notice requirements, the additional ingredients for fraud-based proceedings are satisfied, and no actual prejudice arises. School affiliation and affiliation-form processing charges are independent taxable supplies where they concern institutional eligibility and compliance, rather than directly and immediately relating to student admission or the conduct of examinations. A broad connection with education does not satisfy the educational-services exemption.
Case Laws GST
Fraudulent Input Tax Credit from Non-Existent Suppliers: Application of Sections 16, 74 and 155 of t...
Show AI Summary
Fraudulent input tax credit requires proof of fictitious supplies, absent goods receipt, and fraud-linked self-assessment, not cancellation alone.
Input tax credit from allegedly non-existent suppliers depends on proof of genuine supply and actual receipt of goods or services, not merely invoices, accounting entries, or banking-channel payments. Section 155 places the burden of establishing ITC eligibility on the claimant. Section 74 requires more than ineligible credit: the wrongful availment must be linked to fraud, wilful misstatement, or suppression to evade tax. Retrospective supplier-registration cancellation is relevant evidence but is not conclusive. A fraud-based notice must disclose facts showing fictitious suppliers, absence of supply, and a basis for inferring the recipient's knowledge or participation.
Case Laws Money Laundering
Prolonged Pre-Trial Incarceration and Bail under Section 45 of the Prevention of Money-Laundering Ac...
Show AI Summary
Prolonged pre-trial incarceration may justify conditional PMLA bail when delayed trials make continued detention constitutionally disproportionate.
Section 45 of the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act remains the stringent ordinary bail threshold, requiring prosecutorial opportunity and, on opposition, reasonable grounds to believe that the accused is not guilty and unlikely to offend while on bail. Article 21 nevertheless requires a separate, fact-sensitive inquiry where prolonged pre-trial detention and an unrealistic trial timetable make custody disproportionate. Relevant factors include custody length, trial progress, remaining witnesses, secured documentary evidence, source of delay, predicate-case status, and risks of absconding or witness interference. Conditions such as passport surrender, attendance, non-contact directions, and residence disclosure may safeguard the trial.
Case Laws Income Tax
Prospective Operation of Section 56(2)(x)(b) in Stamp-Value Difference Cases Involving Immovable Pro...
Show AI Summary
Prospective operation of stamp-value taxation prevents retrospective application where property agreements and substantial payments predate the charging provision.
Section 56(2)(x)(b) applies to immovable property received for inadequate consideration only where its temporal and valuation conditions are satisfied. A stamp-value difference alone does not establish taxability. Where consideration was fixed and substantial payments or contractual performance occurred before the charging provision commenced, later conveyance or registration does not by itself attract the later charge. Agreement-date valuation is available only for covered transactions where consideration was fixed and paid, wholly or partly, through prescribed banking or electronic modes on or before the agreement date. The tax authority must identify the correct statutory basis and provide a meaningful opportunity to respond.
Case Laws GST
Seizure of Cash under Section 67 of the CGST Act and Interest on Illegal Retention
Show AI Summary
GST cash seizure limits require statutory relevance and restitutionary interest for unlawfully retained currency following searches.
GST seizure powers cannot be used to take cash as a general investigative measure or security for a possible tax demand. Currency is excluded from goods, and "things" is confined contextually to articles useful or relevant as evidence in GST proceedings. Valid seizure and retention require recorded statutory reasons, procedural compliance and observance of return timelines. Unauthorised retention engages property protections; later return does not cure the deprivation, and accrued interest is restitutionary rather than delayed-refund interest.
Case Laws Income Tax
Disallowance of Salary Expenditure for Allegedly Non-Genuine Services under Section 37
Show AI Summary
Salary expense genuineness requires proof of actual services, business purpose, and fair testing of adverse third-party statements.
Under Section 37(1), salary expenditure is deductible only where it is actually incurred wholly and exclusively for business purposes and is supported by proof of genuine employment, services rendered, business nexus, and payment. Bank transfers and accounting entries alone are not conclusive. Where a third-party statement is central to an allegation of non-genuine salary, the taxpayer should receive disclosure and a meaningful opportunity to rebut it, including cross-examination where appropriate. A retracted and uncorroborated statement is vulnerable as the sole basis for disallowance.
Case Laws Income Tax
Fair Market Value of Unquoted Equity Shares Under Section 56(2)(viib) and Rule 11UA
Show AI Summary
Discounted cash flow valuation remains taxpayer-selected under prescribed rules, while tax scrutiny must identify specific valuation-date defects.
The taxpayer may elect a prescribed DCF valuation for unquoted equity shares, and scrutiny of that method does not permit substitution with Net Asset Value merely because it produces a lower fair market value. The Assessing Officer may examine projections, discount rates, terminal assumptions, computations and source data, but rejection requires demonstrably wrong facts, material errors, a wholly erroneous basis or objectively unsupported assumptions. Subsequent financial performance cannot alone invalidate a bona fide DCF valuation; the relevant inquiry remains the reasonableness of valuation-date information.
Case Laws GST
Refund of Excess IGST Paid on Exports Following Clerical Error in FORM GSTR-3B
Show AI Summary
Excess IGST on exports remains refundable when later correction triggers automated refund and reconciliation proves duplicate payment.
Refund of excess IGST paid on zero-rated exports may arise where turnover and tax are mistakenly entered under non-zero-rated supplies in FORM GSTR-3B while export invoices and shipping bills are correctly reported in FORM GSTR-1. If the exporter then pays the same IGST in the correct zero-rated field and the automated refund is credited against that later payment, the earlier payment remains a separately identifiable potential excess; its claim is not a repeat request for the same export-tax refund.
Case Laws GST
Revocation of Cancellation of GST Registration for Non-Filing of Returns under Section 30 and Rule 2...
Show AI Summary
GST registration revocation requires timely application, return compliance, payment of dues, and a reasoned statutory decision.
GST registration revocation after cancellation for return default is a conditional, time-bound process. An application under Section 30 and Rule 23 must ordinarily be filed within ninety days, subject to prescribed extension, and cannot be made until pending returns are filed and tax, interest, penalty and late fee are paid. Portal non-acceptance may permit online or physical submission where technically unavailable, but does not condone delay or ensure revocation. The competent authority must assess statutory eligibility, sufficient grounds and compliance while following notice and hearing requirements before rejection.
Case Laws Income Tax
TOLA, Section 149 and the Surviving-Time Test for Reassessment Proceedings
Show AI Summary
Reassessment limitation under TOLA requires final notices to issue within surviving time and satisfy statutory safeguards.
Reassessment limitation under TOLA is a jurisdictional restraint. Transitional notices issued between 1 April 2021 and 30 June 2021 are treated as Section 148A(b) show-cause notices, but only the surviving time remaining until 30 June 2021 is available for completing the reassessment process. Periods for supply of material and the assessee's response are excluded, but the Section 148A(d) decision, statutory approval and final Section 148 notice must issue within the remaining period. For Assessment Year 2015-16, post-1 April 2021 notices are treated as time-barred.
Case Laws Customs
Provisional Release of Unseized Imported Food Consignments under the Customs Act, 1962
Show AI Summary
Unseized food consignments cannot face indefinite detention without lawful seizure, valid sampling, and prompt assessment.
Provisional release of an unseized imported food consignment is not mechanically governed by Section 110A, which applies to goods seized under Section 110. Customs may examine, test, verify and reassess imports, but indefinite retention without a seizure memorandum or disclosed reasons connecting the goods with confiscation is not justified. Food sampling should follow the specialised food-safety process through an authorised officer. A valid food-safety report may support conditional clearance, while classification, duty liability, confiscation and adjudication remain open. Revenue may be protected through proportionate security.
Case Laws Customs
Recovery of Unpaid Anti-Dumping Duty After Self-Assessment Under Section 28 of the Customs Act, 1962
Show AI Summary
Anti-dumping duty recovery permits post-clearance demands and consequential import IGST where self-assessment omitted an applicable levy.
Unpaid anti-dumping duty omitted during self-assessment may be pursued through the customs recovery procedure without prior appellate modification of the self-assessment. The recovery framework applies to anti-dumping duty through statutory incorporation of provisions concerning assessment, non-levy, short-levy, interest and recovery. Where anti-dumping duty is chargeable, it forms part of the aggregate value used to compute IGST on imports, potentially creating a consequential IGST short-payment. Recovery requires accurate assessment of notification coverage, product, origin, rate, valuation, limitation and procedural safeguards.
Case Laws GST
Project-Wise Anti-Profiteering Methodology in Real Estate under Section 171 of the Central Goods and...
Show AI Summary
Project-wise anti-profiteering requires actual input tax credit measurement and area-based allocation of benefits to real-estate purchasers.
Real-estate anti-profiteering under Section 171 requires project-level identification of additional input tax credit and allocation of the saving across total project area on a per-square-foot basis. Purchase value may quantify credit attributable to project expenditure, but turnover or collections cannot serve as the allocation basis. The comparison must use pre-GST credit actually availed rather than merely available credit. GST collected on consideration inflated by an undistributed benefit forms part of the amount not passed on and remains distinct from statutory interest.
Case Laws Income Tax
Retirement Leave Encashment Exemption under Section 10(10AA)(ii) and Retrospective Application of No...
Show AI Summary
Retirement leave encashment exemption applies under the enhanced notified ceiling while preserving non-government employee classification and statutory conditions.
Section 10(10AA)(ii) governs retirement leave-encashment exemption for non-Government employees, subject to the ten-month earned-leave measure, average-salary computation, and the notified monetary ceiling. Notification No. 31/2023 specifies an enhanced ceiling of Rs. 25,00,000, is deemed effective from 1 April 2023, and certifies that retrospective effect causes no adverse effect. The enhanced ceiling is treated as a remedial rationalisation of an existing exemption and may govern pending earlier-period matters, while preserving the distinction between Government and non-Government employees.
Case Laws GST
Transit-State Jurisdiction under GST: Limits on Detention and Penalty in External Inter-State Suppli...
Show AI Summary
Transit GST jurisdiction limits detention penalties for documented inter-State supplies lacking a local taxable nexus.
Transit-State jurisdiction under GST permits interception, document production, e-way bill verification and authorised physical inspection of goods moving through an intermediate State. It does not, in a pure transit movement, support detention-related penalty for an external inter-State supply where origin and destination lie outside the intercepting State, no tax is payable there, and there is no evidence of diversion, local supply, fictitious or mismatched documents, or mismatch of goods. Cross-empowerment is administrative and does not create an independent territorial taxable nexus.
Case Laws SEBI
Post-Facto Shareholder Ratification of Diversion of Preferential Issue Proceeds under the PFUTP Regu...
Show AI Summary
Shareholder ratification cannot cure preferential-issue fund diversion when disclosed objectives are abandoned, triggering securities-market fraud and disclosure concerns.
Post-facto shareholder approval cannot retrospectively validate diversion of preferential-issue proceeds contrary to issue-specific objects disclosed to shareholders and the market. A special resolution authorises the issue but does not permit unrestricted use of proceeds. Periodic deviation reporting, audit-committee review and utilisation disclosures promote transparency; they do not enable diversion followed by later regularisation. Immediate diversion, inadequate commercial justification and missing documentation may indicate that disclosed objects were not genuinely intended to be performed. Later amendment of corporate objects or shareholder ratification cannot cure a completed securities-market disclosure breach.
Case Laws Income Tax
Section 195 Withholding on Payments to Non-Residents: Royalty, Fees for Technical Services and Busin...
Show AI Summary
Cross-border software payments require copyright-right, technical-service, and permanent-establishment analysis before withholding obligations are determined under applicable treaties.
Section 195 requires withholding only from a remittance to a non-resident that includes income chargeable in India. For software, royalty depends on transfer of copyright rights, not merely the right to install, access, use, or distribute a copyrighted article under restrictive terms. Where a DTAA is more beneficial, its royalty and FTS definitions control; treaty FTS may require technology to be made available. Amounts that are neither royalty nor FTS require consideration as business profits, ordinarily taxable only where profits are attributable to a permanent establishment. Composite payments require component-wise allocation and analysis.
Case Laws GST
Penalty: Scope of "Any Person" under Section 122(1A) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017
Show AI Summary
Personal GST penalty requires proof that the beneficiary retained benefit and directed a covered invoice or credit transaction.
Section 122(1A) may impose personal GST penalty on a registered or unregistered person only for a covered invoice or input tax credit transaction. Liability requires cumulative proof that the individual retained an identifiable personal benefit and that the transaction was conducted at that person's instance. Directorship, employment, registration, signature authority, or association with the taxable entity neither independently establishes nor excludes liability. Proceedings require transaction-specific and person-specific allegations and findings. The provision operates prospectively for underlying acts or transactions occurring on or after 01.01.2021.
Case Laws IBC
Recovery of Corporate Debtor Premises and Proof of Tenancy, Lease or Licence Rights under the Insolv...
Show AI Summary
Proof of tenancy rights governs insolvency recovery of corporate-debtor premises from occupants lacking enforceable possessory interests.
Where premises form part of the corporate debtor's assets, Sections 18 and 25 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 require the resolution professional to take custody, control, preservation and protection measures. An occupant resisting recovery must prove a subsisting tenancy, leasehold interest or enforceable licence through reliable evidence of the parties' intended relationship and its essential terms. Permission to stock goods or conduct limited business activity, prolonged occupation, and business or utility records do not independently create rights in the premises. Section 60(5)(c) supports insolvency jurisdiction over asset-recovery measures connected with the insolvency estate.
Case Laws GST
Service of GST Notices through the Common Portal: Statutory Validity and Practical Accessibility
Show AI Summary
GST portal service requires statutory validity and practical accessibility before ex parte adjudication can fairly proceed.
GST portal service is a statutory method under Section 169, but its use in an ex parte demand proceeding depends on effective accessibility and a meaningful opportunity to reply and be heard. Rule 142 requires electronic DRC-01 and DRC-07 summaries to operate alongside the underlying show-cause notice and reasoned order. Portal placement, complete communication, e-mail transmission, technical reliability and proof of actual access may determine whether service is effective, whether waiver applies, and whether appellate limitation begins.

TMI Notes

Back

All TMI Notes

Showing Results for :
Reset Filters
No Records Found

TMI Notes

Home › TMI Notes › Income Tax › Act-Rules › Category › This
Back

All TMI Notes

Telegram Get Daily Updates
Income Tax

Comparison of SCHEDULE II "INCOME NOT TO BE INCLUDED IN TOTAL INCOME" between the Income-Tax Act, 2025 (as passed) and the Income-Tax Bill, 2025 (as originally introduced)

17 September, 2025

Contents
Acts
Rules & Regulations
Summary
Note

Note

-

Bookmark

(New) -

Download

Print

Print

Print Options

SCHEDULE II INCOME NOT TO BE INCLUDED IN TOTAL INCOME

Income-tax Act, 2025

At a Glance

SCHEDULE II sets out classes of income that are excluded from "total income" for income-tax purposes. The Bill (Old Version) and the enacted Act differ in several material respects affecting life-insurance exclusions, pension/NPS entries, references to International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) entities, and the inclusion of equalisation-levy income. Affected parties include policyholders, insurers, employers, employees, pension subscribers, IFSC entities and tax authorities. Effective dates are stated within specific entries (for example, policy issue periods and 1 April 2002/2023) where provided; no single overarching commencement date for the Schedule is stated in the Bill text.

Background & Scope

Statutory hook: SCHEDULE II (See section 11) - "Income not to be included in total income." The Schedule lists categories of exempt income (column B) subject to conditions (column C). Definitions and notes at the end assign meanings to terms used in the table. The Bill (Old Version) is the source document for this commentary. Any differences vis-`a-vis the enacted Act are identified only insofar as both texts were provided; where a detail is absent in the Bill text, the phrase "Not stated in the document." has been used.

Statutory Provision Mode

Text & Scope

The Schedule enumerates 16 heads of income excluded from total income, including: agricultural income; sums under life-insurance policies (with sub-conditions tied to period of issue, premium-to-sum-assured ratios and aggregate premium ceilings); provident fund and recognised provident fund payments (with carve-outs for interest on large contributions on/after 1 April 2021); payments under Sukanya Samriddhi, National Pension System (NPS) Trust, Agniveer Corpus Fund, approved superannuation funds; scholarships; awards/rewards instituted or approved by government; interest or other receipts on specified government securities and deposits; interest on gold bonds/certificates; interest on bonds issued by local authorities or State Pooled Finance Entities; income on transfer of certain UTI units; income chargeable to equalisation levy (new insertion); and specific categories u/s 10(15) and related provisions of the 1961 Act as applicable.

Interpretation

The text frames exclusions as conditional: each head is subject to prescribed conditions and definitions in accompanying notes. Legislative intent, as discernible from the Bill text, is to preserve traditional exemptions (agriculture, certain pensions, scholarships, specified government securities) while tightening or clarifying tax-exempt treatment for life-insurance receipts and retirement/savings vehicles by reference to issue dates, premium ratios, aggregate premium ceilings and contribution thresholds. The insertion of equalisation-levy related exclusion (Sl. No. 15) signals explicit recognition of overlap between equalisation-levy chargeability and income-tax neutrality for certain cross-border digital services.

Exceptions/Provisos

Key carve-outs and conditions provided in the Bill include:

  • Life-insurance sums excluded only if policies meet period-specific premium-to-sum-assured ratios and, for certain periods, aggregate premium ceilings (Rs. 2,50,000 or Rs. 5,00,000) - and certain sums (section 127 receipts; Keyman policies) are expressly ineligible.
  • Portions of interest on provident fund/recognised provident fund balances attributable to contributions on/after 1 April 2021 are not eligible for exclusion where contributions exceed specified thresholds (Rs.5,00,000 / Rs.2,50,000) and the amount not excluded is to be computed as prescribed.
  • NPS payments excluded only to the extent they do not exceed 60% of the total amount payable on closure/opt-out.
  • Approved superannuation fund payments are exempt only in specified circumstances (death, commutation at retirement/age, refund in limited cases, transfer to specified pension schemes).
  • Equalisation-levy related incomes are excluded only where not chargeable as royalty/FTS in India under agreements notified u/s 159 (explicit exception in Sl. No. 15).

Illustrations

  • Example 1: A unit-linked life policy issued on 1 Oct 2023 with annual premium such that premium-to-sum-assured ratio is 12% and aggregate premium per tax year is Rs.2,00,000 - the Bill permits exclusion if it meets the Item 2 conditions (unit-linked post-1-April-2023: ratio <=15% for special, <=10% for others; aggregate <=Rs.2,50,000 for ULIP). Whether treated as "special policy" depends on disability/disease status u/rs - Not stated in the document.
  • Example 2: An employee receives accumulated recognised provident fund balance including interest attributable to contributions of Rs.6,00,000 made on/after 1 April 2021 in a year when no employer contribution was made - interest attributable to that contribution is not eligible for exclusion (threshold exceeded Rs.5,00,000); the portion not excluded to be computed as prescribed (procedure Not stated in the document).

Interplay

The Bill references other statutory instruments and provisions: Section 11 (hook), Section 127 (for life-insurance ineligibility), Schedule XI para 8, Schedule XV (definition of "actual capital sum assured"), Insurance Regulatory regulations, the Provident Funds Act, Government Savings Promotion Act (Sukanya Samriddhi), Dept. notifications regarding NPS (notifications not reproduced in the Bill text), Finance Act, 2016 (equalisation levy Chapter VIII) and section 159 agreements. The Bill contemplates Board guidelines for removal of difficulties. Where computation methods are required ("as prescribed"), the Bill defers to rules/regulations; these procedural details are Not stated in the document.

Differences between the Bill (Old Version) and the Enacted Act - Practical Impact

Topic Bill (Old Version) Act (2025) - Differences & Practical Impact
Reference to IFSC in life-insurance entry Exclusion clause expressly excludes policies issued by "International Financial Services Centre insurance intermediary office" from the general test; IFSC office language appears within clause (a).

The Act broadens IFSC coverage differently (references to "International Financial Services Centre Insurance Office") and later adds a special carve-out that aggregate premium conditions do not apply to policies issued on or after 1 April 2025 by the IFSC Insurance Office.

Practical impact: IFSC-issued policies post-1-Apr-2025 enjoy relaxed aggregate-premium limits under the Act versus the Bill - this benefits IFSC policyholders and insurers.
Section reference for ineligible insurance sums Ineligibility lists section 127 (no subsection reference) and Keyman policies.

The Act specifies "section 127(4)" as ineligible; this narrows or clarifies which portion of section 127 is meant.

Practical impact: narrower/clearer exclusion scope for section 127 receipts, reducing interpretive ambiguity.
Aggregate premium thresholds for policies issued on/after 1-Apr-2023 ULIPs: aggregate <=Rs.2,50,000; other policies: aggregate <=Rs.5,00,000.

The Act restates these ceilings but then adds the IFSC carve-out for policies issued on/after 1-Apr-2025.

Practical impact: domestic policyholders unchanged, IFSC policyholders gain advantage.
NPS-related entries (Sl. Nos. 15 & 16) The Bill lacks specific entries for "lump sum amount" defined by a particular notification and for Unified Pension Scheme subscriber-specific references.

The Act adds two discrete entries (Sl. Nos. 15 and 16) dealing with NPS payments to Unified Pension Scheme subscribers and "lump sum amount" per a departmental notification dated 24 Jan 2025.

Practical impact: greater specificity and targeted exemption for Unified Pension Scheme subscribers under NPS, linking to a concrete notification (FX-1/3/2024-PR). This reduces uncertainty for affected NPS subscribers.
Equalisation levy income Bill includes Sl. No. 15 addressing income chargeable to equalisation levy.

The Act omits the Bill's Sl. No. 15 equalisation-levy entry or shifts numbering; comparison shows the Act instead includes other NPS-related items.

Practical impact: the treatment of equalisation-levy incomes requires reconciliation between Act text and prior Bill; taxpayers relying on the Bill's exclusion must verify the final Act wording (Not stated in the document).

Practical Implications

  • Compliance and risk areas: Life-insurance exclusions carry detailed temporal and quantitative conditions (period of issue, premium-to-sum-assured ratio, aggregate premium ceilings). Insurers and policyholders must verify issue date classifications and compute premium ratios and aggregate premiums across the policy term. The explicit ineligibility for keyman policies and section 127 receipts increases scrutiny over policy ownership and assignment.
  • NPS and provident fund entries impose record-keeping obligations: authorities and subscribers must track contributions made on or after 1 April 2021 separately, and identify portions of interest attributable to contributions exceeding thresholds. The method of computing the amount not excluded is left to prescribed rules - until rules are notified, potential uncertainty persists.
  • Equalisation-levy clause (Sl. No. 15): taxpayers and digital service providers should reconcile equalisation-levy exposure and Income-tax chargeability; the clause excludes income chargeable to equalisation levy except where the income is otherwise taxable in India as royalty/FTS under notified agreements (thus creating an interplay with tax treaty determinations and notifications u/s 159).
  • IFSC references: the Bill treats certain IFSC insurance intermediary office receipts differently in the life-insurance entry (exclusion/inclusion language differs versus the Act). Parties operating within IFSCs should note the special treatment and any administrative guidance forthcoming.
  • Procedural uncertainty: multiple entries defer to "as prescribed" computations and to notifications by the Central Government; until those are issued, taxpayers face interpretation and compliance risk. The Board's power to issue binding guidelines (with Central Government approval) is preserved, indicating administrative rule-making will shape practical application.

Key Takeaways

  • The Bill retains traditional exemptions (agriculture, scholarships, certain pension/retirement receipts) while imposing quantified tests on insurance exclusions (period-specific ratios and aggregate premium ceilings).
  • Interest on provident fund balances attributable to large post-1-April-2021 contributions is explicitly excluded from exemption, with thresholds (Rs.5,00,000 / Rs.2,50,000) and prescribed computation methods.
  • Equalisation-levy related income is newly addressed - excluded except where taxable in India as royalty/FTS under notified agreements.
  • Certain specific sums are expressly excluded from insurance exemption (section 127 receipts; Keyman insurance), tightening the prior broader language.
  • Several entries defer key operational questions to rules/notifications; substantial administrative guidance is required to operationalise the Schedule.

Full Text:

SCHEDULE II INCOME NOT TO BE INCLUDED IN TOTAL INCOME

Topics

Acts Income Tax
Next ➔