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Business deductions clarify allowable expenses, limiting interest capitalization and setting conditions for reserves and bond discounting.
Clause 32 specifies allowable business deductions including bona fide bonuses or commissions, capitalization of interest until asset use, pro rata discount deduction for zero coupon bonds, conditional deductions for contributions to credit guarantee funds and statutory corporation expenditures, limits on special reserves for financial entities, deduction of marked to market losses under prescribed standards, phased family planning capital deductions, agricultural purchase deductions within government price limits, animal loss adjustments, and transaction tax deductions where trading forms part of business income.
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Clause 35 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 prescribes categories of business or professional expenditures that are non-deductible, confirming taxes on income and related imposts are not deductible, disallowing deductions where TDS was not deducted or paid (subject to later allowance upon payment), denying deduction for cross-border salary payments lacking TDS compliance, treating equalisation levy and state-imposed charges as non-deductible, and conditioning deductions in partnerships and associations on authorization and prescribed limits to reinforce compliance and prevent tax avoidance.
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Apportionment of deductions clarifies business use limits and streamlines depreciation rules under the new income tax framework.
Clause 28 limits deductions for rent, local taxes, insurance and repairs to amounts wholly and exclusively for business use and permits apportionment by the Assessing Officer where use is mixed; Clause 33 creates a structured depreciation regime for tangible and intangible assets (excluding goodwill) including block of asset calculations, special provisions for new machinery and power generation assets, short use treatment, and rules on successor transactions.
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Business expenditure deductions: exclusions tightened to bar CSR, political ads, and payments tied to unlawful conduct.
Clause 34 requires that only expenditures incurred wholly and exclusively for business purposes, not of a capital or personal nature and not falling within specified exclusions, are deductible. It expressly disallows deductions for expenditures linked to offenses or prohibited activities, corporate social responsibility obligations, and political-advertisement costs, and clarifies that benefits, perquisites, compounding payments, and settlements related to unlawful conduct are non-deductible.
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Business income deductions clarified and modernized, expanding allowable items and tightening conditions for claiming them.
Clause 32 prescribes a list of allowable other deductions for business income computation, covering employee bonuses and commissions, interest on borrowed capital (with exclusions until assets are in use), contributions to specified credit guarantee funds, pro rata discount on zero coupon instruments, amounts carried to special reserves by defined financial entities, non-capital expenditure by notified statutory corporations, cooperative society purchase expenditure, marked to market or expected losses, family planning expenditures by companies, cost of animals used in business adjusted for carcass receipts, and transaction taxes where income is included in business profits.
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Bad debt deductions: new limits and conditions for financial institutions, distinguishing rural-advance treatment and recovery rules.
Clause 31 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 creates a structured regime for deductions for provisions for bad and doubtful debts and for bad debts written off, prescribing percentage-based deduction limits for specified financial institutions with an additional allowance for rural-branch advances; it requires that write-offs be reflected in income computations, provides for partial recovery treatment, and distinguishes provisions from actual bad debts while aligning deductions with accounting and disclosure standards.
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Search and seizure powers expanded to permit access to digital records, enhancing tax enforcement while raising privacy concerns.
Clause 247 expands search and seizure authority to electronic media and digital records, authorising officers to access and seize emails, social media, trading and bank accounts where information indicates non production of documents or undisclosed assets; it modernises enforcement by treating digital records equivalently to physical evidence while raising privacy and misuse concerns that require procedural safeguards.
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Insurance premium deductions permit tax relief for business stock, cattle insurance, and employer-paid health cover via non-cash payments.
Clause 30 permits deduction for premiums paid for insurance against damage or destruction of business stocks, for premiums by federal milk cooperative societies to insure the life of cattle of primary society members engaged in milk supply, and for employers' premiums for employee health insurance provided payment is made through non-cash modes under approved schemes.
Act Rules Bills
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Employee welfare deductions clarified: new limits, timing and eligibility for employer contributions under Clause 29.
Clause 29 prescribes conditions and limits for deducting employer contributions to recognized provident funds, approved superannuation funds, pension schemes (subject to a uniform percentage of salary including dearness allowance), and approved gratuity funds, sets the due date rules for employee contributions, and restricts deductions for provisions or contributions unless expressly authorised, thereby clarifying and refining the deductibility regime compared with current Sections 36 and 40A.
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Employee welfare deductions clarified: permitted employer contributions to approved funds subject to prescribed limits and arm's-length scrutiny.
Deductions for employer contributions to specified employee welfare vehicles are permitted only when made to recognised or approved funds and in accordance with prescribed limits, timing and conditions; provision-only gratuity reserves are generally non-deductible unless conditions are met, and contributions to other funds or trusts are disallowed except as expressly allowed or required by law.
Act Rules Bills
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Tax deduction for agricultural and skill development projects streamlines incentives while barring duplicate claims under the Act.
Clause 47 permits deductions for expenditures on agricultural extension projects and for companies' skill development projects, excluding land and building costs, subject to Board notification and requisite documentation. It includes an express prohibition on claiming the same expenditure under any other provision of the Act for the same or any other tax year, consolidating and streamlining prior separate incentives while imposing compliance obligations to substantiate eligibility.
Act Rules Bills
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Site restoration fund deductions limited and conditional; misuse of withdrawals treated as taxable income under new regime.
Clause 49 and Schedule X create a Site Restoration Fund regime allowing deductions for deposits into specified accounts subject to caps and conditions: claims require a government agreement and audited accounts, deposits must be made by year-end, withdrawals are restricted to scheme purposes and misuse is taxed as income, expenditures funded by withdrawals are nondeductible, and disposals tied to the scheme within a set period reverse deductions and are taxed.
Act Rules Bills
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Capital expenditure deduction for specified businesses enables immediate full write-off, subject to eligibility, exclusivity and usage conditions.
Clause 46 permits full deduction of capital expenditure for a specified business in the year incurred, including pre-operational capitalized expenditure, subject to conditions: no splitting or reconstruction of existing businesses, prohibition on previously used machinery or plant, and, for certain sectors, fulfillment of regulatory approval and operational criteria; it bars claiming other deductions for the same expenditure and requires assets to be used exclusively for the specified business for at least eight years.
Act Rules Bills
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Amortization of preliminary expenses enables staged tax relief for businesses under the new income tax provision.
The clause permits staged deduction of specified preliminary expenses by allowing an Indian company or resident individual to deduct one fifth of eligible preliminary expenses in each of five successive tax years, subject to an overall ceiling computed at the option of the taxpayer against either project cost or capital employed; eligible expenditures include feasibility and project reports, market and engineering studies, legal charges and other prescribed preparatory costs, and a statement of expenditure must be furnished to the prescribed authority.
Act Rules Bills
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Amortisation of expenditure: Tax treatment extended to telecommunications, amalgamation, demerger and voluntary retirement schemes clarified.
Clause 52 provides for amortisation of expenditures: amalgamation or demerger costs and voluntary retirement payments are amortisable over five tax years from the tax year of the event or payment; spectrum and licence fees for telecommunication services are amortisable over the period the rights remain in force, beginning in the later of business commencement or payment year. It further addresses tax consequences on transfer of such rights and empowers the Assessing Officer to rectify income where deductions were incorrectly claimed.
Act Rules Bills
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Research expenditure deductions expanded under new clause; certification and continuity rules affect pre commencement and institutional payments.
Clause 45 allows deductions for capital and revenue scientific research expenditures related to business, excluding land acquisition; permits certified pre commencement expenditures up to three years; allows payments to research associations, universities and approved companies; conditions claims on prescribed documentation and compliance; protects deductions when approvals are later withdrawn; and contains provisions on non duplication of deductions, depreciation applicability, and amalgamation asset treatment.
Act Rules Bills
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Depreciation rules modernized to clarify asset categories and additional allowances, affecting business tax deductions and compliance.
Clause 33 creates a unified regime for depreciation on tangible and intangible assets used in business or profession, excluding goodwill; mandates written down value treatment for a block of assets with proportional deductions for partial business use; halves rates for assets used less than 180 days; provides pro rata apportionment on succession, amalgamation and demerger; treats leasehold improvements as depreciable buildings; permits late claims and carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation; allows disposal deductions for written down value shortfalls; and grants additional depreciation for new machinery and plant in manufacturing and power generation.
Act Rules Bills
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Deductions for rent and repairs clarified: proportionate claims allowed for partial business use under new clause.
Clause 28 consolidates deductions for premises, machinery, plant, and furniture used wholly and exclusively for business or profession, allowing deductions for insurance premiums, local taxes, rent, and current (non-capital) repairs. It preserves tenant-specific rent and repair claims and imposes an explicit apportionment rule: where assets are not wholly used for business, deductions are limited to a fair proportionate part as determined by the Assessing Officer, thereby centralising assessment discretion and requiring supporting documentation for partial-use allocations.
Act Rules Bills
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Business income taxation modernisation clarifies taxable receipts and expands scope to include government-related compensations and non-monetary benefits.
Clause 26 restates chargeability of income under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession" for the tax year, replacing the term "previous year," and refines categories of taxable receipts by expressly including compensation for termination or contract vesting with government bodies, consolidating export incentives, recognizing non-monetary benefits, and preserving existing treatments for partner receipts, Keyman insurance proceeds, inventory-to-capital conversions, capital-asset sums, speculative transactions, and the exclusion of residential letting income.
Act Rules Bills
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Owner definition clarified in income tax reform, expanding deemed ownership and streamlining property tax provisions.
The Bill clarifies the owner concept for house property income taxation by expressly deeming transfers without adequate consideration to close relatives as ownership (with specified exceptions), streamlining provisions for impartible estates, cooperative society members, and part-performance rights, expanding categories of transactions that create ownership-like rights with specific lease-term criteria, and omitting prior references to annual and capital charge and service taxes to simplify the framework.

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CUSTOMS - OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN NOTIFICATIONS

24 July, 2024

Contents
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Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

A.

Changes in Basic Customs Duty (to be effective from 24.07.2024)

Rates of Duty

S. No.

Chapter, Heading, sub- heading, tariff item

Commodity

From

To

I.

 

Agricultural Products

 

 

1.

1207 99 90

Shea nuts

30%

15%

II.

 

Aquafarming & Marine Exports

 

 

1.

0306 36

Live SPF Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) broodstock

10%

5%

2.

0306 36

Live Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) broodstock

10%

5%

3.

0306 36 60

Artemia

5%

Nil

4.

0511 91 40

Artemia cysts

5%

Nil

5.

0308 90 00

SPF Polychaete worms

30%

5%

6.

1504 20

 Fish lipid oil for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

15%

Nil

7.

1504 20

 Crude fish oil for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

30%

Nil

8.

1518

Algal Oil for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

15%

Nil

9.

2102 20 00

Algal Prime (flour) for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

15%

Nil

10.

2309 90 90

Mineral and Vitamin Premixes for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

5%

Nil

11.

2301 10 90

Insect meal for use in Research & Development purposes in aquatic feed manufacturing

15%

5%

12.

2309 90 90

Single Cell Protein from Natural Gas for use in Research & Development purposes in aquatic feed manufacturing

15%

5%

13.

2301 20

Krill Meal for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

5%

Nil

14.

1901

Pre-dust breaded powder for use in processing of sea-food

30%

Nil

15.

2309 90 31

Prawn and shrimps feed

15%

5%

16.

2309 90 39

Fish feed

15%

5%

III.

 

Critical Minerals

 

 

1.

2504

Natural Graphite

5%

2.5%

2.

2505

Natural sands of all kinds, whether or not coloured, other than metal bearing sands of chapter 26 of The Customs tariff Act, 1975

5%

Nil

3.

2506

Quartz (other than natural sands); quartzite, whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape

5%

2.5%

4.

2530 90 91

Strontium sulphate (natural ore)

5%

Nil

5.

2603 00 00

Copper ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

6.

2605 00 00

Cobalt ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

7.

2609 00 00

Tin ores and Concentrates

2.5%

Nil

8.

2611 00 00

Tungsten Ores and Concentrates

2.5%

Nil

9.

2613

Molybdenum ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

10.

2615 10 00

Zirconium ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

11.

2615 90

Hafnium Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

12.

2615 90 10

Vanadium ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

13.

2615 90 20

Niobium or tantalum ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

14.

2617

Antimony Ores and Concentrates

2.5%

Nil

15.

2804 50 20

Tellurium

5%

Nil

16.

2804 61 00

Silicon, containing by weight not less than 99.99% of silicon

5%

Nil

17.

2804 69 00

Other silicon

5%

Nil

18.

2804 90 00

Selenium

5%

Nil

19.

2805 30 00

Alkali or alkaline earth metals, Rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or inter alloyed

5%

Nil

20.

2811 22 00

Silicon dioxide

7.5%

2.5%

21.

2815 20 00

Potassium hydroxide

7.5%

Nil

22.

2816 40 00

Oxides, hydroxides and peroxides, of strontium or barium

7.5%

Nil

23.

2822 00 10

Cobalt oxides

7.5%

Nil

24.

2822 00 20

Cobalt hydroxides

7.5%

Nil

25.

2822 00 30

Commercial cobalt oxides

7.5%

Nil

26.

2825 20 00

Lithium oxide and hydroxide

7.5%

Nil

27.

2825 30

Vanadium oxides and hydroxides

2.5%/7.5%

Nil

28.

2825 60 10

Germanium oxides

7.5%

Nil

29.

2825 70

Molybdenum oxides and hydroxides

7.5%

Nil

30.

2825 80 00

Antimony oxides

7.5%

Nil

31.

2825 90 20

Cadmium oxides

7.5%

Nil

32.

2827 35 00

Chlorides of Nickel

7.5%

Nil

33.

2827 39 30

Strontium chloride

7.5%

Nil

34.

2833 24 00

Sulphates of Nickel

7.5%

Nil

35.

2834 21 00

Nitrates of potassium

7.5%

Nil

36.

2836 91 00

Lithium carbonates

7.5%

Nil

37.

2836 92 00

Strontium carbonates

7.5%

Nil

38.

2841 90 00

Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids of Beryllium and Rhenium

7.5%

Nil

39.

2846

Compounds, inorganic or organic of rare earth metals

7.5%

Nil

40.

2918 15 30

Bismuth citrate

7.5%

Nil

41.

3801

Artificial Graphite, colloidal or semi-colloidal graphite, preparations based on graphite or other carbon in form of pastes, blocks, plates or other semimanufactures

7.5%

2.5%

42.

8001

Unwrought Tin

5%

Nil

43.

8101 94 00

Unwrought tungsten, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering

5%

Nil

44.

8102 94 00

Unwrought molybdenum, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering

5%

Nil

45.

8103 20

Unwrought tantalum, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering, powders

5%

Nil

46.

8105 20 20

Cobalt, unwrought

5%

Nil

47.

8106 10 10

Bismuth, unwrought

2.5%

Nil

48.

8109 21 00

Unwrought zirconium, powders, Containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight

10%

Nil

49.

8110 10 00

Unwrought antimony, powders

2.5%

Nil

50.

8112 12 00

Beryllium unwrought, powders

5%

Nil

51.

8112 31

Hafnium unwrought, waste and scrap, powders

10%

Nil

52.

8112 41 10

Rhenium unwrought

10%

Nil

53.

8112 69 10

Cadmium unwrought, powders

5%

Nil

54.

8112 69 20

Cadmium, wrought

5%

Nil

55.

8112 92 00

(ii) Unwrought; waste and scrap; powder of, -

(i) Gallium

(ii) Germanium

(iii) Indium

(iv) Niobium

(v) Vanadium

5%

Nil

IV.

 

Steel Sector

 

 

1.

7202 60 00

Ferro Nickel

2.5%

Nil

2.

7204

Ferrous Scrap

Nil (till 30.09.2024)

Nil (till 31.03.2 026)

3.

7225

Certain specified raw materials for manufacture of CRGO steel

Nil (till 30.09.2024)

Nil (till 31.03.2 026)

V.

 

Copper

 

 

1.

7402 00 10

Blister Copper

5%

Nil

VI.

 

Chemicals and Plastics

 

 

1.

3102 30 00

Ammonium Nitrate, whether or not in aqueous solution

7.5%

10%

2.

3920 (other than 3920 99 99) or 3921

All goods other than Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) flex films/flex banner

25% (with effect from 24.07.2024)

10%

3.

3920 99 99

All goods other than Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) flex films/flex banner

25% (with effect from 24.07.2024)

15%

VII.

 

Textile and Leather Sector

 

 

1.

2929 10 90

Methylene Diphenyl Di-isocyanate (MDI) for use in the manufacture of Spandex Yarn

7.5%

5% Subject to IGCR conditions

2.

41

Wet white, Crust and finished leather for manufacture of textile or leather garments, leather /synthetic footwear or other leather products, for export

10%

Nil Items under Sl. No. 257B and 257C of Notification 50/2017 - Customs, dated 30.06.2017

3.

38,48 or any other Chapter

Certain additional accessories and embellishments for manufacture of textile or leather garments, leather/synthetic footwear or other leather products, for export

As applicable

Nil Items under Sl. No. 257B and 257C of Notification 50/2017 - Customs, dated 30.06.2017

4.

0505 10

Real Down Filling Material from Duck or Goose for use in the manufacture of textile or leather garments for export

30%

10%

VIII.

 

Cancer Drugs

 

 

1.

30

(i) Trastuzumab Deruxtecan,

(ii) Osimertinib,

(iii) Durvalumab

10%

Nil

IX.

 

Precious Metals

 

 

1.

7108

Gold bar

15%

6%

2.

7108

Gold dore

14.35%

5.35%

3.

7106

Silver bar

15%

6%

4.

7106

Silver dore

14.35%

5.35%

5.

7110

Platinum, Palladium, Osmium, Ruthenium, Iridium

15.4%

6.4%

6.

7118

Coins of precious metals

15%

6%

7.

7113

Gold/Silver findings

15%

6%

8.

71

Platinum and Palladium used in the manufacture of noble metal solutions, noble metal compounds and catalytic convertors

7.5%

5%

9.

84

Bushings made of platinum and rhodium alloy when imported in exchange of worn out or damaged bushings exported out of India

7.5%

5%

X.

 

Medical Equipment

 

 

1.

39

All types of polyethylene for use in manufacture of orthopaedic implants falling under sub-heading 9021 10

As applicable

Nil

2.

39, 72, 81

Special grade stainless steel, Titanium alloys, Cobalt-chrome alloys, and All types of polyethylene for use in manufacture of other artificial parts of the body falling under sub-heading 9021 31 or 9021 39

As applicable

Nil

3.

9022 30 00

X-ray tubes for use in manufacture of X-ray machines for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary use

15%

5% (till 31st March 2025)

7.5% (w.e.f 1st April, 2025 to 31st March, 2026)

10% (w.e.f 1st April, 2026)

4.

9022 90 90

Flat panel detectors (including scintillators) for use in manufacture of X-ray machines for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary use

15%

5% (till 31st March 2025)

7.5% (w.e.f 1st April, 2025 to 31st March, 2026)

10% (w.e.f 1st April, 2026)

XI.

 

IT and Electronics Sector

 

 

1.

8517 13 00, 8517 14 00

Cellular mobile phone

20%

15%

2.

8504 40

Charger/Adapter of cellular mobile phone

20%

15%

3.

8517 79 10

Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of cellular mobile phone

20%

15%

4.

28, 29, 38

Specified parts for use in manufacture of connectors

5%/7.5%

Nil

5.

74

Oxygen Free Copper for use in manufacture of Resistors

5%

Nil

6.

40

Specified die-cut parts for use in manufacture of cellular mobile phones

As applicable

Nil

7.

40, 70, 76

Specified mechanics for use in manufacture of cellular mobile phones

As applicable

Nil

8.

8517 79 10

Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of specified telecom equipment

10%

15%

XII.

 

Renewable Energy Sector

 

 

1.

84, 85, or any other chapter

Specified capital goods for use in manufacture of solar cells or solar modules, and parts for manufacture of such capital goods

7.5%

Nil

2.

7007

Solar glass for manufacture of solar cells or solar modules

Nil

10% (w.e.f. 1.10.20 24)

3.

74

Tinned copper interconnect for manufacture of solar cells or solar modules

Nil

5%(w.e.f 1.10.20 24)

XIII.

 

Shipping

 

 

1.

Any Chapter

Components and consumables for use in manufacture of specified vessels

As applicable

Nil

2.

Any Chapter

Technical documentation and spare parts for construction of warships

As applicable

Nil

XIV.

 

Capital goods

 

 

1.

Any Chapter

Goods under S. No. 404 of Notification No. 50/2017 Customs, used for petroleum exploration operations

As applicable

Nil

B.

Changes in Export Duty (To be effective from 24.7.2024)

Effective export duty on raw skins, hides & leather is being simplified and rationalized. The changes are as follows -

Rate of Duty

S. No.

Chapter or Heading

Commodity

From

To

1.

4101 to 4103

Raw Hides & skins, all sorts (other than buffalo)

40%

40%

2.

4101

Raw Hides & skins of buffalo

30%

30%

3.

4104 to 4106

Tanned or crust hides of skins, whether or not split, but not further prepared

40

20%

4.

4104 to 4106

E.I. tanned leather

Nil

Nil

5.

41

Finished leather as defined by DGFT finished leather norms

Nil

Nil

6.

4301

Raw fur skins

60%/10%

40%

7.

4302

Tanned or dressed furskin

60%

20%


Full Text:

Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

Topics

Acts Income Tax