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Continuity of Tax Obligations in Business Succession : Clause 313 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Secti...
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Clause 312 taxes income of a deceased person's estate in the hands of the executor or administrator, with a single executor assessed as an individual and multiple executors as an association of persons; the executor is deemed to have the deceased's residential status for the tax year of death, assessments of estate income are separate from the executor's personal returns, separate assessments apply for each tax year or part thereof until complete distribution, and income distributed to specific legatees is excluded from the estate's income and included in the legatees' income.
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Joint and several liability of LLP partners applies where tax dues cannot be recovered from the LLP, subject to exculpation.
Clause 331 makes every person who was a partner of an LLP during the relevant tax year jointly and severally liable for any tax, penalty, interest, fees or other sums payable under the Income tax law that cannot be recovered from the LLP or relevant persons, expressly overriding LLP Act protections. Liability is triggered only after non recovery from the LLP and is rebuttable: a partner can escape liability by proving that the non recovery was not due to his gross neglect, misfeasance, or breach of duty.
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Taxation of AOPs/BOIs with unknown member shares: maximum marginal rate applied to deter tax avoidance.
Clause 311 mandates taxation of an AOP/BOI's total income at the maximum marginal rate where members' shares are indeterminate or unknown, and requires taxation at any higher rate applicable to any member; when shares are determinate, it taxes the whole income at the maximum marginal rate if a member's other income exceeds the exemption threshold, while portions attributable to members chargeable at higher rates are taxed at those higher rates, with a deeming provision treating shares as indeterminate if so at formation or thereafter.
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Firm taxation: firms taxed on total income at rates set annually in the Finance Act.
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Clause 304(5) of the Income Tax Bill, 2025, mirrors Section 167 by empowering the Assessing Officer to exercise the same remedies in the same manner against all property vested in, or under the control or management of, a representative assessee as would be available against a person directly liable for tax, covering all kinds of property and applying regardless of whether the tax demand is raised against the representative or the beneficiary.
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Clause 304(3) (Income Tax Bill, 2025) and Section 166 (Income tax Act, 1961) are non obstante provisions empowering the AO to directly assess and recover tax from the person entitled to income, irrespective of the existence of a representative assessee; these powers are discretionary, cover both assessment and recovery, preserve procedural safeguards for the beneficiary, and operate as alternative (not cumulative) mechanisms to prevent revenue loss due to procedural technicalities or representative non cooperation.
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Proportional Taxation of Trust Beneficiaries : Clause 304(4) of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Sectio...
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Proportional apportionment clarifies how beneficiaries' trust distributions are computed for tax using a statutory formula.
Clause 304(4) prescribes that where only part of a trust's income is chargeable, the taxable portion of a beneficiary's receipts is determined by multiplying the beneficiary's receipt by the ratio of the trust's chargeable part to its whole income (A x C / B), thereby codifying proportional apportionment and imposing related recordkeeping and reporting obligations on trustees and representative assessees.
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Taxation of Oral Trusts in India : Clause 308 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 164A of the I...
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Taxation of oral trusts: income charged at the maximum marginal rate regardless of other provisions, deterring informal trusts.
Income from oral trusts is taxed at the maximum marginal rate under both Section 164A and Clause 308, with a non-obstante clause to override other provisions; Clause 308 modernises the framework by referring to the person appointed under an oral trust and centralising the definition, thereby broadening potential liability and simplifying enforcement while raising disclosure and evidentiary burdens on assessees.
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Taxation of Indeterminate Beneficiary Trusts : Clause 307 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 1...
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Taxation of indeterminate-beneficiary trusts: highest marginal rate applies unless narrow bona fide exceptions permit AOP rate.
Clause 307 taxes income of representative assessees at the maximum marginal rate where beneficiaries or their shares are not expressly identifiable in the trust instrument or court order, with deeming provisions treating ambiguity as indeterminacy. Exceptions permit taxation at the AOP rate for beneficiaries below exemption limits and not under other trusts, sole will-declared trusts, bona fide pre-1970 family trusts for dependents, and bona fide employee benefit funds. Business profits are generally taxed at the maximum rate, except for sole testamentary trusts for dependent relatives which may get AOP treatment.
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Representative assessee rights to recover or retain tax protect intermediaries and permit certified withholding pending final liability.
Clause 305 grants a representative assessee a statutory right to recover from the principal any sum paid under the Act or to retain an equivalent amount from monies in his possession; allows withholding of an estimated liability prior to assessment; authorizes obtaining an Assessing Officer's certificate to fix the amount eligible for retention pending settlement; and limits recoverable liability to the certificate amount except insofar as the representative then holds additional assets of the principal.
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Representative Assessee Liability under India's Income Tax Law : Clause 304 of the Income Tax Bill, ...
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Representative assessee liability clarified: apportionment formula and direct beneficiary assessment enhance tax recovery powers.
Representative assessees are treated as if represented income were received beneficially by them, making them liable to assessment and recovery in their name in a representative capacity; a bar on double assessment applies. The Assessing Officer may directly assess or recover tax from the beneficiary, and may use the same remedies against property under the representative's control as against property of any taxpayer. For partly chargeable trust income the Clause prescribes a formula to apportion each beneficiary's taxable share, while omitting the prior maximum marginal rate rule for trustees' business income.
Act Rules Bills
The Evolution of Representative Assessee Provisions : Clause 303 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Se...
Show AI Summary
Representative assessee provisions modernized: agents, guardians and trustees held liable for tax compliance and assessment.
Clause 303 designates specified persons as representative assessees-agents of non-residents, guardians/managers for minors and persons of unsound mind, court-appointed managers and trustees of written and oral trusts-and deems each representative to be an assessee for all purposes, including filing returns, payment of tax, and submission to assessment and appeal proceedings; it also provides a deeming mechanism allowing informal trusts to be treated as written trusts when a written statement is submitted to the Assessing Officer within prescribed timelines.
Act Rules Bills
Continuity of Tax Obligations After Death of the assessee : Clause 302 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 ...
Show AI Summary
Continuity of tax liability: legal representatives remain liable for deceased's tax obligations, limited to the estate, with exceptions.
Clause 302 establishes that the legal representative is liable for any sum the deceased would have owed, is deemed to be an assessee, and that pending or potential assessments may be continued or initiated against the legal representative; liability is ordinarily limited to the estate's capacity but personal liability arises where the representative alienates or charges estate assets while liabilities remain, capped at the value of the asset so alienated.
Act Rules Bills
Integrating Special Search Assessment Procedures : Clause 300 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Secti...
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Saving clause preserves general tax provisions in search assessments unless the special chapter expressly overrides them.
Clause 300 and Section 158BH operate as a saving clause preserving applicability of all general provisions of the Act to assessments under the special search chapter, except where the special chapter expressly provides otherwise; this ensures procedural, substantive and remedial provisions (notice, appeals, penalties, recovery, limitation rules) continue to apply unless specifically overridden, while raising interpretive issues about the extent of overriding effect, classification of provisions as procedural or substantive, and transitional application under the new Bill.
Act Rules Bills
Assessing Authority in Search Cases : Clause 299 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 158BG of t...
Show AI Summary
Authority for block assessments: senior officer decision plus prior supervisory approval required to validate search based assessments.
Orders assessing undisclosed income in search cases must be passed by an Assessing Officer at or above specified senior ranks and only with the previous approval of a higher authority; Clause 299 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 carries forward this core framework from Section 158BG while aligning applicability to the commencement of the new Act. The requirement that approvals reflect a genuine application of mind, clear documentation of the approval process, and management of transitional cases are central operative obligations.
Act Rules Bills
Interest and Penalty Regime in Search Proceedings : Clause 298 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section ...
Show AI Summary
Interest and penalty in search assessments: revised rules mandate monthly interest and a fixed half tax penalty with a compliance safe harbor.
Clause 298 retains the Section 158BFA framework by charging simple interest on tax determined on undisclosed income for delay or non-filing after a search notice and imposing a fixed penalty equal to fifty percent of tax on undisclosed income, while providing a safe harbor where return is filed, tax paid with evidence and no appeal is filed; procedural safeguards include a right to be heard, supervisory approval for larger penalties, exclusion of rehearing and court stay periods from limitation, and mandatory communication of penalty orders to the Assessing Officer.
Act Rules Bills
Relief from Interest and Penalty in Search Assessments : Clause 297 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs....
Show AI Summary
Relief from interest and penalty: block-period undisclosed income in search assessments taxed without additional interest or penalty.
Clause 297 exempts assessees from interest and penalty for undisclosed income assessed or reassessed for the block period in search and seizure proceedings, limiting relief to block-period income and applying to both initial block assessments and reassessments while leaving regular assessments and other penalties unaffected.

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CUSTOMS DUTY EXEMPTIONS / CONCESSIONS BEING ALLOWED TO LAPSE

24 July, 2024

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Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

Certain BCD exemptions entries under S No. 50/2017-Customs dated 30.6.2017 and other notifications are being allowed to lapse with effect from 30.9.2024.

(a) The following entries of notification no. 50/2017-Customs dated 30.6.2017 are being allowed to lapse with effect from 30.9.2024:

S. No.

S N of 50/2017 Customs

Description

1.

478

Wireless apparatus, accessories and parts as specified in List 29 imported by a licensed amateur radio operator

2.

353

Foreign currency coins when imported into India by a Scheduled Bank

3.

387

 Zinc metal recovered by toll smelting or toll processing from zinc concentrates exported from India for such processes

4.

441

Spinnerettes made inter alia of Gold, Platinum and Rhodium or any one or more of these metals, when imported in exchange of worn-out or damaged spinnerettes exported out of India

5.

238

Organic/inorganic Coating material for manufacture of electrical steel

6.

254

Catalyst for manufacture of cast components of Wind Operated Electricity Generator

7.

255

Resin for manufacture of cast components of Wind Operated Electricity Generator

8.

277A

Calendared plastic sheet for manufacturing of Smart Card under chapter heading 8523

9.

339

Concessional rate on import of Toughened glass with low iron content and transmissivity of minimum 91% and above, for use in manufacture of solar thermal collectors or heaters

10.

421

Specified goods required for basic telephone service, cellular mobile telephone service, internet service or closed users’ group 64 KBPS domestic data network via INSAT satellite system service and parts, for manufacture of the goods

11.

479

Mono or Bi polar Membrane electrolysers and parts thereof including secondary brine purification components, jumper switches, filtering elements for hydrogen filters for caustic soda or potash units; Membrane and parts thereof or other parts for caustic soda or potash units;

12.

475

Specified goods including scramblers, descramblers, encoders, decoders, jammers, network firewalls, network sniffers, scanners and monitoring systems, probes for data monitoring and SMS/MMS monitoring systems

13.

482

Newspaper page transmission and reception facsimile system or equipment; and Telephoto transmission and reception system or equipment

14.

495

Batteries for electrically operated vehicles, including two and three wheeled electric motor vehicles.

15.

497

Active Energy Controller (AEC) for use in manufacture of Renewable Power System (RPS) inverters

16.

579

Survey (DGPS) instruments, 3D modeling software for ore body simulation cum mine planning and exploration (geophysics and geochemistry) equipment required for surveying and prospecting of minerals

17.

419

Aluminium Oxide for manufacture of washcoat of catalytic converter

18.

420

Clay 2 powder for use in ceramic substrate for catalytic convertor

19.

340

Solar tempered glass or solar tempered (anti-reflective coated) glass for use in manufacture of solar cells/panels/modules

20.

565

Specified goods for use in the manufacture of Flexible Medical Video Endoscope [heading 9018]

21.

566

 Specific input goods for manufacture of syringes, needles, catheters and cannulae

22.

568

Parts and components for manufacture of blood pressure monitors and blood glucose monitoring system (Glucometers)

Note: Description of entries is indicative. Notification may be referred to for complete description.

(b) The following notifications are being allowed to lapse with effect from 30.9.2024:

S. No

Notification No.

Description

1.

97/99-Customs dated 21 July 1999

Exempts BCD and additional duty under Sections 3(1), 3(3) and 3(5) on standard gold bars imported by a RBI authorised bank

2.

30/2004-Customs dated 28 January 2004

Provides full exemption from BCD to second-hand computers/accessories and peripherals received as donation by schools, charitable institutions.

3.

102/2007-Customs dated 14 September 2017

Provides exemption from Special Additional Duty (SAD) levied vide section 3(5) of CTA on to all goods imported for subsequent sale when IGST, CGST, SGST or UTGST paid by importer.

4.

45/2005-Customs dated 16 May 2005

Provides exemption from Special Additional Duty levied under Section 3(5) of CTA on goods cleared from SEZ to DTA.

5.

151/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

Provides exemption to imports of duty-paid fuel and lubricating oil on aircrafts taken during the outward flight; goods imports by United Arab Airlines; aircraft engines, spares imported by Indian Airlines and Air India International. Re-import entries will operate from re-import notification 45/2017-Cus

6.

26-Customs dated 19th February 1962

Provides exemption from import duty under the Sea Customs Act on catering cabin equipment, food and drink on re-importation by aircrafts of the Indian Airlines Corporation from foreign flights

Note: Description of entries is indicative. Notification may be referred to for complete description.

Full Text:

Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

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Acts Income Tax
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