Binding effect of government circulars: administrative clarifications do not bind courts or quasi judicial authorities and cannot create estoppel. Government circulars and clarifications represent administrative understanding of statutory provisions and do not bind courts or quasi judicial authorities; they cannot create an estoppel against the statute and do not prevent recovery of tax lawfully leviable despite prior communications to taxpayers.
Service elements in works contracts taxable when classifiable under construction or erection services, not limited to a new label. Service elements within a composite works contract that correspond in nature to Commercial or Industrial Construction Service, Construction of Complex Service or Erection, Commissioning or Installation Service are taxable under those service heads; such service elements need not be classified exclusively under the subsequently inserted sub clause, and levy under the existing defined service categories is proper based on the substantive character of the activities.
Resident firm classification for advance ruling expands eligible applicants under service tax advance ruling framework. Notification declares resident firm as a class of persons eligible for advance rulings under section 96A of the Finance Act, 1994 for service tax. It defines "firm" to include partnerships under the Indian Partnership Act, limited liability partnerships (including those without a company partner), sole proprietorships, and One Person Companies, and links the term "resident" to the meaning in the Income-tax Act as applicable to a resident firm.
Genuineness of transactions: accommodation entries and circumstantial evidence can defeat claimed tax exemptions without commercial substance. Denial of exemption under Section 10(38) is justified where claims rest on paper companies and accommodation entry providers; synchronized trading, SEBI ... Summary
Genuineness of transactions: accommodation entries and circumstantial evidence can defeat claimed tax exemptions without commercial substance.
Denial of exemption under Section 10(38) is justified where claims rest on paper companies and accommodation entry providers; synchronized trading, SEBI identified price rigging, and weak connection between claimants and transactions diminish the probative value of demat statements and share certificates. The legal focus is on the onus of proof, application of the preponderance of probabilities and circumstantial inferences, requiring the assessee to establish commercial substance for unsecured loans and claimed trades rather than rely solely on documentation.
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