Turnover computation for derivatives and speculation: include absolute differences and option premiums under tax audit rules.
Turnover for tax audit purposes differs by transaction type: speculative transactions use the aggregate of realised favourable and unfavourable differences; derivatives, futures and options use the absolute total of favourable and unfavourable differences with option premium included unless already counted in net profit; reverse trade differences are included; delivery based transactions use total sales value as turnover.

Deduction for authors' royalty income available only to resident authors under income tax rules; non-residents are ineligible.
The deduction for authors' royalty income under section 80QQB is limited to individual taxpayers who are resident-either resident and ordinarily resident or resident but not ordinarily resident-and excludes non-resident authors, so non-residents cannot claim the royalty deduction.

Tax deduction under 80GGA allows any donation amount for scientific research or rural development to be claimed.
Section 80GGA provides a tax deduction for sums donated for specified purposes of scientific research or rural development; there is no prescribed minimum donation threshold and any amount paid for the specified purpose is eligible for deduction.

Deduction under 80GG: individuals paying rent must submit Form 12BA to claim a rent deduction.
An individual who pays rent for residential accommodation may claim deduction in respect of rent paid provided the claimant submits a written declaration in Form 12BA to the assessing officer asserting entitlement; the deduction is contingent on both actual rent payment and timely submission of the prescribed declaration.

Deduction under section 80E not available if education loan is taken in a family member's name.
Deduction under section 80E for interest on higher education loans is available only where the assessee is the named borrower; loans taken in the name of a relative or other family member do not qualify for the deduction, because the borrower identity is the operative condition for entitlement.

Disability deduction: dependent relief under one provision versus taxpayer's own deduction under the other provision.
Section 80DD provides a deduction for maintenance, including medical treatment, of a handicapped dependent claimed by the taxpayer, whereas Section 80U provides a deduction available to the taxpayer who is himself or herself a person with disability; the key distinction is whether the deduction is for a dependent or for the disabled taxpayer.

Section 80DD deduction applies only for maintenance of a disabled dependent, not for the taxpayer's own disability.
Deduction under 80DD permits an income tax deduction for maintenance, including medical treatment, of a handicapped dependent who is a person with disability; the deduction is available for expenditure in respect of such a dependent and is not available to a taxpayer for his or her own disability-related expenses.

Deduction under section 80D denied for cash payments; only preventive health checkup expenses may be paid in cash.
Deduction for medical insurance premia under deduction u/s 80D is not available where the expenditure is made in cash; payments must be by non-cash modes to qualify, except that expenditure on preventive health checkups may be incurred in cash and still qualify for the deduction.

Medical insurance premium deduction allowed when an individual pays for spouse, self and dependents under section 80D.
An individual is entitled to claim a deduction for premiums paid for medical insurance covering the individual, the spouse, dependent children and parents under the medical insurance premium deduction framework; premiums paid by an individual for insurance on the health of those family members qualify for deduction.

Tax benefit under 80CCG: guardian may claim deduction for investments made in a minor's name, subject to individual limits.
A guardian who makes investments in a minor's name may claim the deduction under 80CCG, subject to the overall deduction limit applicable to the guardian as an individual and compliance with the scheme's conditions.

Non-resident individuals joining NPS: eligible to open accounts, but accounts close if citizenship changes under pension deduction rules.
Non resident individuals may join the National Pension System and make contributions eligible for pension contribution deduction under income tax provisions; however, an NPS account will be closed if the member's citizenship status subsequently changes, affecting continued participation and account maintenance.

Deduction under section 80CCC can be claimed by non-resident individuals contributing to pension funds under the statute.
The provision permits a deduction for contributions to pension funds and does not impose a residency restriction, so non-resident individuals who make qualifying contributions to pension funds are eligible to claim the deduction under the section.

Education loan interest deductible for borrower; tuition fee relief limited to two children under a separate deduction.
Only interest paid on an education loan for the taxpayer or a dependent qualifies under the education-loan interest deduction head, while tuition fees qualify under a separate tuition-fee deduction head and are restricted to tuition paid for a limited number of children; the two deductions are distinct and non-overlapping.

Deduction under section 80C: Post Office five year time deposit qualifies as an eligible investment for deduction.
Contributions to the Post Office five year time deposit scheme are eligible to be claimed as a deduction under section 80C, and may be included among other specified investments such as life insurance premiums, deferred annuities and provident fund contributions, subject to the overall limits and conditions applicable to 80C deductions.

Section 80C deduction excludes loan repayments for renovation or repair of residential property under income tax law.
Repayments of loans taken for renovation or repair of residential property are not eligible for deduction under deduction under section 80C, which is confined to specified savings and investment outlays such as life insurance premiums, deferred annuities and provident fund contributions and does not include repair or renovation costs of a dwelling.

Deduction under section 80C: repayment of principal on housing loan qualifies, interest payments do not.
Payments toward the cost of purchase or construction of a new residential property qualify for deduction under the provision and expressly include repayment of the principal amount of a housing loan; interest paid on such a housing loan is not eligible for deduction under the same provision.

Deduction under section 80C covers life insurance, provident fund and deferred annuity contributions and limited tuition fees.
Deduction under section 80C permits tax deductions for specified savings and insurance instruments such as life insurance premia, provident fund contributions and deferred annuities, subject to statutory limits and qualifying conditions. Only tuition fees paid in India for full time education of up to two children qualify as deductible educational expenses; other charges like development fees or donations are not eligible.

Deduction under section 80C available only to individuals and HUFs for life insurance and provident fund contributions.
The provision permits deduction for life insurance premia, deferred annuity premiums and contributions to provident funds, available exclusively to Individual and HUF taxpayers as the classes eligible to claim the tax benefit.

Clubbing of minor income: investments made by the minor qualifying for investment-based deductions may be claimed when income is clubbed.
When a minor's income is clubbed with a parent's income, investments made by the minor that qualify under the investment-based deduction framework-including life insurance premiums, provident fund contributions, and deferred annuity payments-may be considered as deductible in computing the parent's taxable income.

HRA exclusion for self-employed; rent deduction available under section 80GG if statutory eligibility conditions are met.
HRA under section 10(13A) is a salary-linked exemption not available to self-employed individuals; self-employed taxpayers may claim a deduction for rent paid under section 80GG, subject to the statutory eligibility conditions and limits governing that deduction.