Survey surrender characterisation determines whether mixed excess stock and business-linked cash face normal taxation or special deemed-income taxation.

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....Section 115BBE applies only after income is validly classified under the specified deeming provisions; a survey surrender alone is insufficient. Excess stock inseparable from regular inventory and credibly linked to unrecorded business receipts may be assessed as business income under Section 28 at normal rates. Excess cash may receive the same treatment where its business source is satisfactorily explained; otherwise, the statutory conditions for deemed income must be met. Classification requires a holistic assessment of statements and contemporaneous evidence. The substituted enhanced rate applies prospectively from financial year 2017-18, while financial year 2016-17 is governed by the earlier rate.....