Make-available requirement limits treaty taxation of management and support fees unless recipients gain independently usable technical capability.

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....Article 12(4) of the India-Singapore DTAA confines fees for technical services to managerial, technical or consultancy services that are ancillary and subsidiary to royalty, make available technical knowledge enabling independent application, or involve development and transfer of a technical plan or design. Management and business-support services do not qualify merely because they are commercially valuable, specialised or recurring. The treaty inquiry turns on contractual deliverables, actual work performed, material transferred, and whether the recipient acquires autonomous technical capability; continuing dependence on the provider may evidence no transfer. Where more beneficial, the treaty limitation prevails over the broader domestic FTS definition, subject to treaty-residence and prescribed-document requirements.....