Mandatory FEMA adjudication procedure protects against invalid orders; unconsidered ECB/FCCB eligibility circulars require fresh determination.

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....FEMA adjudication requires the prescribed two-stage process: the adjudicating authority must form and communicate its opinion to hold an inquiry before granting a personal hearing. Non-compliance invalidated the adjudication order and consequential penalties, requiring fresh adjudication. Alleged FCCB contraventions also require consideration of the earlier RBI circular on eligibility to raise external commercial borrowings, alongside all relevant circulars and material. The matters were remitted for fresh determination after both sides received an opportunity.....