Unexplained cash deposits require full review of debtor-recovery evidence; penalty initiation remains separate from quantum assessment proceedings.

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....Cash-credit additions for unexplained deposits require a comprehensive examination of the taxpayer's cash-collection business model, debtor-recovery cycle, and supporting records, including debtor ledgers, subscription records, cash books and bank statements. Where such evidence has not been fully considered, the addition requires fresh adjudication after reasonable hearing, without deciding the merits or the validity of book rejection. Interest for advance-tax default is consequential to the assessment. Penalty proceedings for unexplained or under-reported income remain separate from quantum proceedings, making a challenge to their initiation premature.....