Customs valuation: proven under-invoicing sustains duty and confiscation, while provisional assessments require lawful finalisation before consequential demands.

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....Recovered higher-value invoices and admissions of lower declared values support rejection of declared customs value, confirmation of differential duty, and confiscation for the identified imports. Where market value and profit margin are not determined, redemption fine and penalty require objective fixation; the note records their reduction by reference to enhanced value and no separate penalty in the connected matter. For provisionally assessed imports, short-payment can arise only after lawful finalisation and duty adjustment. A notice issued by an unauthorised officer cannot itself finalise assessment, although disclosed material may be considered independently by the proper officer after allowing a response. Consequently, the valuation enhancement and consequential demands for the provisionally assessed entries require fresh lawful finalisation.....