Class action maintainability: Section 245 covers past and continuing misconduct and permits claims against directors and third parties.

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....Class actions under Section 245 are maintainable in respect of transactions pleaded as past, continuing or systematically orchestrated where concealment prevents shareholder knowledge or authorisation; the Tribunal held such allegations justify admission. The Tribunal construed Section 245(1)(g) and residuary clause (h) to permit reliefs against the company, its directors and third parties, including damages or compensation aimed at restoring the company and consequential shareholder loss. The NCLT properly applied Section 245(4) factors (good faith and locus to pursue) and relevant NCLT Rules on threshold shareholding, joinder impracticability and common questions, and admission on the prima facie record was upheld.....