Transponder service fees characterised as service, not royalty, resulting in no withholding tax obligation on the payer.

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....Whether transponder service fees constitute 'royalty' under Article 13 of the India-UK DTAA and attract withholding under domestic TDS law. Relying on binding High Court precedents, the treaty term 'process' must be read as 'secret process' and unilateral domestic statutory amendments cannot be imported into the DTAA; therefore payments for satellite transponder services are characterisable as consideration for services, not royalty. Consequence: no withholding obligation arose on the payer under the domestic TDS regime in respect of those transponder service fees.....