TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
2016 (12) TMI 685
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....he respondent no. 3 under Sec. 142(1) of the Income Tax Act and a notice dated 6 June, 2014 issued under Sec. 92CA(1) read with Sec. 92D of the Income Tax Act issued by the TPO relating to the assessment year 2011-12 and the proceedings in pursuance of such notice. The reference to factual details in this judgment shall pertain to WP No. 733 of 2014 (Price Waterhouse & Anr.-vs.-Commissioner of Income Tax, Kolkata). Case of the petitioners: (3) The short point urged by Mr. Pal, Learned Sr. Counsel for the petitioners is that the reference to the TPO is without jurisdiction. As such all actions taken or contemplated pursuant to such reference are or would be bad in law. He submitted that the reference is ultra vires the Income Tax Act since the conditions precedent for a transaction to be 'international transaction' within the meaning of Sec. 92B of the Income Tax Act are not fulfilled even assuming the correctness of the allegations based on which the impugned reference has been made. (4) Mr. Pal referred to Sec. 92 (Computation of income from international transaction having regard to arm's length price), Sec. 92A (meaning of associated enterprise), Sec. 92B (meaning of in....
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....-marks, licences, franchises or any other business or commercial rights of similar nature, or any data, documentation, drawing or specification relating to any patent, invention, model, design, secret formula or process, of which the other enterprise is the owner or in respect of which the other enterprise has exclusive rights; or (h) ninety per cent or more of the raw materials and consumables required for the manufacture or processing of goods or articles carried out by one enterprise, are supplied by the other enterprise, or by persons specified by the other enterprise, and the prices and other conditions relating to the supply are influenced by such other enterprises; or (i) the goods or articles manufactured or processed by one enterprise, are sold to the other enterprise or to persons specified by the other enterprise, and the prices and other conditions relating thereto are influenced by such other enterprise; or (j) where one enterprise is controlled by an individual, the other enterprise is also controlled by such individual or his relative or jointly by such individual and relative of such individual; or (k) where one enterprise is cont....
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....2A(2) and the two sub-Sections are to be read together. In support of this submission Mr. Pal referred to the Memorandum to the Finance Bill, 2002, the relevant extracts whereof are as follows:- "It is proposed to amend sub-Section (2) of the said Section to clarify that the mere fact of participation by one enterprise in the management or control or capital of the other enterprise, or the participation of one or more persons in the management or control or capital of both the enterprises shall not make them associated enterprises, unless the criteria specified in sub-Section (2) are fulfilled." (7) Mr. Pal then submitted that for the purpose of finding out the true meaning of a statutory provision, it is permissible to refer to external aids like Parliamentary materials including Bills and memorandum accompanying the Bills. In this connection he referred to a decision of the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Allied Motors (P) Ltd.-vs.-Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, (1997) 3 SCC 472, in support of his submission that the memorandum to the Finance Bill can be used as an aid to interpret a particular section of the Finance Bill. In this connection he also relied on a ....
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....d (in short 'PwCIL') a company incorporated in the United Kingdom, to become a member of PwCIL. The member firms of PwCIL are collectively known as the PwC Network. Each member firm of PwCIL is a separate legal entity and separate from PwCIL. PWH is an independent member of the PwC Network of firms. Member firms of the PwC Network are not legal partners with each other. As members of the PwC Network member firms agree to comply with common standards and policies including those with respect to quality of services. Hence, while PWH is a member firm of the PwC Network, at the same time, it is a separate and independent legal entity whose affairs are managed and controlled only by its partners. (11) Learned Sr. Counsel then submitted that the PwC Network has member firms in over 150 countries including India. Each member firm has recognized that the business of its clients is increasingly being conducted on a worldwide basis with the result that such member firms need to cooperate with each other in the PwC Network so that professional services of high quality can be provided to mutual clients or other clients on a coordinated basis and each member firm has also recognized that ....
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....benefit of the member firms in the PwC Network. Neither the member firms of the PwC Network nor PwCIL nor Services BV nor any other overseas entity holds any interest or control in PWH. PWH is not a subsidiary, shareholder or agent of any of the overseas entities and has no profit sharing with any overseas entity. (13) Neither PWH nor any of its partners is a shareholder of Services BV. Services BV has not conferred on PWH any right regarding use of any brand name as Services BV itself does not own any brand name. PWH is also not permitted to use the brand name of PricewaterhosueCoopers as per the Chartered Accountants Regulations, 1988. PWH has not taken any loan or guarantee from Services BV. During the year under consideration a non- refundable loan of INR 65,06,55,000/- was received by the PwC Network, to strengthen PWH's audit practices in India. Such loan was provided to meet the costs needed to improve the audit quality and training in the manner which allowed for sustainable operations and enhanced sustainable audit quality. The grant was received under the contractual arrangement existing between Services BV and PWH and has been accounted for as sundry income on an accr....
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.... (15) In the alternative, Learned Counsel submitted that even if the provisions of Sec. 92A(1) of the IT Act are applied independently of Sec. 92A(2), Services BV cannot be treated as an associated enterprises of PWH since Services BV does not participate in the management or control or capital of PWH. Such participation in the management, control or capital is exercised solely and exclusively by the partners of PWH. (16) Mr. Pal then submitted that the reference to the TPO has been made without application of mind as the respondent no. 3 completely ignored that in the past, in the identical factual pattern, the assessing officer accepted that the transactions between PWH and Services BV are not international transactions falling within the purview of Sec. 92B of the IT Act and consequently under Chapter X of the Act. The fact that the transactions between PWH and Services BV are not international transactions as per Sec. 92B of the Act was accepted in the immediate preceding year i.e. assessment year 2010-11 after making enquiries in respect of the same. Even during the pendency of the present writ petition, the view that the transactions between PWH and Services BV are not i....
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....the scrutiny assessment for the assessment year 2010-11, PWH produced the service agreement dated June, 1998. In the assessment year 2011-12, PWH produced another service agreement dated 1 July, 2009. It is strange that this new agreement was not produced at the time of scrutiny assessment for the assessment year 2010-11. PWH was also unable to explain the difference between the two service agreements. It was also not explained as to how and why payments were made in accordance with the service agreement made in 1998 for the assessment year 2010-11 when the new agreement dated 1 July, 2009 had been entered into and was presumably in force. This shows that both the agreements were in operation and were similar in all respect. In substance, it is Services BV which has financial and managerial control over PWH. A plain reading of the service agreements reveals that PWH has to utilize the services rendered by and practices envisaged by Services BV in all spheres of professional activity and Services BV shall constantly keep a watch over the activities and performance of PWH. (21) In the service agreements it is mentioned that Services BV does not provide any professional services to....
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....year 2008-09 has been reopened under Sec. 147 of the IT Act and the transfer pricing issue will also be examined. During the assessment year 2010-11 wherein the aforesaid expenditure was disallowed the issue of transfer pricing shall also be examined. (26) Another firm viz M/s. Price Waterhouse & Co. has also received around Rs. 31 crores in the assessment year 2009-10 and Rs. 10 crores in the assessment year 2010-11 as non-refundable amount from Services BV. However, the said firm has not offered these amounts for taxation. The assessment in this behalf for the years 2009-10 and 2010-11 has been reopened under Sec. 147 of the IT Act. (27) No expenditure has been incurred by PWH for receiving the said non- refundable amounts from Services BV. Since PWH has not provided any professional services to Services BV, such non-refundable grants were held to be income from other sources in the assessment years 2009-10 and 2010- 11. No document justifying or explaining such non-refundable grant was produced for the assessment years 2009-10 and 2010-11. For the first time, in the assessment year 2011-12 an agreement dated 16 March, 2011 was produced, said to have been entered into....
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.... claim had been allowed. The assessee in its accounts has used the term 'compensation' for penalties levied by the USA Authorities. The assessee has not disclosed whether any claim was made under the insurance policy for penalties imposed on it. During the course of assessment proceedings it came to light that though the insurance premium was paid by one PWC, the other networking firms were also under the risk covered. (29) Learned Counsel then submitted that the assessees are Chartered Accountant firms, professionals and working in the services industries. If these two special incidents i.e. receipt of non-refundable grant and penalty are taken out from the profit and loss accounts of the assessees, it would appear that Lovelock and Lewes has incurred huge loss. Being in the service industry for several years, occurrence of huge loss is not comprehensible. It is only a window dressing of accounts made by the assessee which requires deeper and sustained investigations. (30) In the month of January/February, 2014 the investigation wing of the IT Department at Calcutta made enquiries pursuant to a tax evasion petition received in respect of PWH and Lovelock and Lewes. The ADIT ....
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....t to make such reference. The assessee will get an opportunity to urge its case before the TPO. Further, the opinion of the transfer pricing officer is not binding on the Assessing Officer. After the TPO sends his opinion/report to the Assessing Officer, before finalizing assessment, the Assessing Officer must give a hearing to the assessee. At that stage also, the assessee gets an opportunity of persuading the Assessing Officer as to why the opinion of the TPO should be ignored. Hence, no real prejudice is caused to the assessee by reference of the issue of computation of arm's length price by the Assessing Officer to the TPO. In this connection, learned Counsel relied on a decision of a Division Bench of the Delhi High Court in the case of Sony India (P) Ltd.-vs.-Central Board of Direct Taxes, (2006) 157 TAXMAN 125. (33) Learned Counsel also referred to a decision of a Division Bench of Gujarat High Court in the case of Veer Gems-vs.-Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, (2013) 351 ITR 34, in support of his submission that there is no provision under Chapter X of the IT Act which requires the Assessing Officer to give an opportunity of hearing to the assessee, consider his obj....
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.... the revenue contended that the assessee was charging to its profit and loss account, fiscal duties paid during the year as well as labour charges, power, fuel, wages, chemicals etc. However, while valuing its closing stock, the elements of fiscal duty and the other direct manufacturing costs were not included, resulting in undervaluation of inventories and understatement of profits. This information was obtained by the Revenue in a subsequent year's assessment proceeding and accordingly the Department had reopened the case. This was challenged by the assessee. The Hon'ble Apex Court held that the court was not to give a final decision as to whether there was suppression of material facts by the assessee or not. The court is only to see whether there was prima facie some material on the basis of which the Department could reopen the case. The sufficiency or correctness of the material was not a thing to be considered at this stage. It would be open to the assessee to prove that the assumption of facts made in the impugned notice was erroneous. All questions of fact and law were left open to be investigated and decided by the assessing authority. Court's View:- (38) Although a....
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....r to refer the matter to the TPO. So long as he is of a prima facie view that an international transaction is involved and it is necessary or expedient to refer the computation of the arm's length price in relation thereto to the TPO, he will be well within his powers to do so. It is needless to say that the proceeding before the TPO will be only upon notice to the assessee who will have full opportunity of urging before the TPO that no international transaction is involved. In the present case, PWH shall have full opportunity of impressing upon the TPO that it and Services BV are not associated enterprises. Whether or not Services BV participates directly or indirectly in the management or control or capital of PWH and whether or not at least one of the conditions mentioned in the sub-paragraphs (a) to (m) of Sec. 92A(2) of the Act is satisfied, are factual issues which the TPO is equipped and competent to decide. It is not proper or convenient nor desirable for a Writ Court to go into such disputed questions of fact. (42) Further, the decision of the TPO is in the nature of an opinion. The TPO will send his opinion to the Assessing Officer who shall conduct the re- assessment ....
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....e and character of the transaction between PWH and Services BV requires to be ascertained and such factual issues cannot be and should not be gone into by the Writ Court. The IT Act has empowered the TPO to compute the arm's length price in relation to international transactions and the said statutory authority should be allowed to discharge its functions. It is open to the writ petitioner/assessee to impress upon the TPO that no international transaction is involved, in which case, the TPO will undoubtedly return an appropriate report to the Assessing Officer. In exercise of jurisdiction under Art. 226 of the Constitution of India, I am not in a position to hold that the factual issues contemplated in Sec. 92A(1) and (2) of the Act do not exist and as such the reference to the TPO was without jurisdiction. No case of mala fide or ex facie lack of jurisdiction has been made out by the petitioners and I am of the considered opinion that I should not stifle the reference to the TPO by nipping the same in the bud. If the stand of the writ petitioner company is bona fide and indeed if no international transaction is involved, I see no reason why the company should shy away from the pro....