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March 27, 2026
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Official Development Assistance supports metro, healthcare and horticulture projects across India through Japan-backed loan agreements.
Japan has committed Official Development Assistance loans to India for four projects in urban transport, health and agriculture across Maharashtra, Karnataka and Punjab. The projects include Bengaluru Metro Rail Phase 3, Mumbai Metro Line 11, strengthening tertiary healthcare and medical education in Maharashtra, and promoting sustainable horticulture in Punjab. The assistance is channelled through loan agreements between the Government of India and JICA.
March 27, 2026
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Mutual Agreement Procedure application under treaty rules enables resident taxpayers to challenge inconsistent foreign tax actions.
Form No. 55 is the prescribed application by a resident assessee in India to invoke the Mutual Agreement Procedure where a foreign tax authority's action or order is considered inconsistent with the applicable Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement. The form is filed within the treaty time limit, usually within three years of first notification, and requires applicant details, foreign authority particulars, reasons for objection, supporting documents, and details of any remedy sought abroad. It may be submitted online or offline, must be e-verified, and cannot be withdrawn.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Double taxation relief through mutual agreement procedure begins with Form No. 55 for resident assessees.
Form No. 55 is an application by a resident assessee in India to the Competent Authority of India when a foreign tax authority's action or order is considered inconsistent with the applicable Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement. It is used to seek resolution under the Mutual Agreement Procedure, generally within the treaty time limit, and may be filed online or through the offline utility with supporting documents and verification by DSC or EVC. The form cannot be withdrawn after filing.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Advance Pricing Agreement renewal form streamlines repeated transfer pricing filings and reduces compliance burden for similar transactions.
Form 54 is a renewal mechanism for an Advance Pricing Agreement application, intended for applicants who have already signed an APA or previously filed a pending APA application involving the same or substantially similar transactions. It reduces duplication and compliance burden, supports continuing or comparable international transactions, and may also cover rollback requests. The form is filed electronically by an eligible person and requires disclosures on the applicant's profile, covered transactions, rollback details, prior filings, and transfer pricing methodology.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Windfall tax on diesel and ATF to be reviewed fortnightly as duties aim to secure domestic fuel supply.
Special additional excise duty and export duties were imposed on diesel and aviation turbine fuel to discourage exports and secure adequate domestic supply. The windfall levy will be reviewed on a fortnightly basis, reflecting a dynamic adjustment mechanism linked to supply conditions and market developments. The duty changes were announced alongside a reduction in excise duty on petrol and diesel for domestic consumption to moderate price pressures and reduce underrecoveries for oil marketing companies.
March 27, 2026
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Excise duty reduction on petrol and diesel triggers fiscal relief for oil companies amid unchanged retail pump prices.
Excise duty on petrol and diesel was reduced by notification with immediate effect, cutting the levy on petrol and removing the duty on diesel. The change was described as a reduction in the special additional excise duty component paid by oil marketing companies, while retail pump prices for consumers were reported to remain unchanged at the time of the announcement. The measure was reported to provide some fiscal relief to oil companies amid higher input costs, though political criticism said it did not translate into direct consumer relief.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Advance pricing agreement renewal form streamlines repeated filings, reduces compliance burden, and supports rollback requests online.
Form 54 is an optional renewal application for taxpayers who have already entered into, or previously applied for, an advance pricing agreement involving the same or highly similar international transactions with an associated enterprise. It is intended to avoid duplication, reduce compliance burden, and streamline the renewal route, including rollback requests where eligible. The form must be filed online, once a year, with the prescribed documents, proof of payment, and a valid PAN, and it cannot be edited after submission and acknowledgment.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Minimum alternate tax relief form enables recomputation of book profits for APA and secondary adjustment income.
Form 53 is the prescribed electronic application for claiming relief in minimum alternate tax payable where a taxpayer's book profits for a financial year increase because of income relating to past years brought in on account of an Advance Pricing Agreement or a secondary adjustment. Relief is available only where the taxpayer has not previously utilised MAT credit allowed under the Act, and no interest is payable on any refund arising from the relief mechanism. The form requires disclosure of past income and the prescribed computation, and it must be verified by the authorised person.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Excise duty cuts on petrol and diesel aim to stabilise fuel prices and ease consumer burden.
Excise duty on petrol and diesel has been reduced to moderate domestic fuel prices and shield consumers from the impact of rising global crude oil prices. The special additional excise duty on petrol has been cut from Rs 13 per litre to Rs 3 per litre, while the corresponding duty on diesel has been reduced from Rs 10 per litre to nil. Duties have also been reintroduced on the export of diesel and aviation turbine fuel to support oil marketing companies and mitigate external market volatility.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Excise duty reduction on petrol and diesel eases fuel price pressure while export duties curb domestic supply diversion.
Excise duty on petrol and diesel was reduced to offset the impact of sharply rising global crude prices and to prevent an immediate increase in retail fuel prices. The reduction lowered the special additional excise duty on petrol and removed the corresponding levy on diesel, while the overall incidence of excise on both fuels was recalibrated through the existing duty structure. The measure was presented as a fiscal intervention to ease under-recoveries of oil marketing companies and to protect consumers from supply-driven price pressure.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Minimum alternate tax relief through Form 53 applies to APA and secondary adjustment cases with recomputation of book profits.
Form 53 is the prescribed application for taxpayers affected by secondary adjustments or APA-related adjustments for past years to seek recomputation of book profits and minimum alternate tax liability. It is mandatory where book profit increases in a financial year because income of past year(s) is included pursuant to an Advance Pricing Agreement or a secondary adjustment. The form must be filed by the due date for the return, can be filed once a year, requires no specific supporting documents, cannot be edited after acknowledgment, and cannot be submitted without a valid PAN.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Advance Pricing Agreement compliance reporting requires annual filing of Form 52 with adjustments, critical assumptions, and supporting documentation.
Form 52 is an Annual Compliance Report for taxpayers covered by a unilateral, bilateral, or multilateral Advance Pricing Agreement. It requires annual confirmation that the APA methodology, critical assumptions, and agreed terms and conditions have been complied with, together with tabular computation of any adjustment where actual results differ from the APA. The form also requires disclosure of deviations, supporting documentation, and filing within the prescribed time under Rule 113 of the Income-tax Rules, 2026.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Advance Pricing Agreement compliance reporting under Form 52 requires annual online filing with supporting transfer pricing documentation.
Form 52 is the annual compliance report for Advance Pricing Agreements under the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is mandatory for taxpayers with unilateral, bilateral, or multilateral APAs, and must be filed once a year for each year covered by the agreement. The report is filed online through the Income Tax e-Filing portal, cannot be edited after submission, and must be supported by APA documents explaining transfer pricing methodology, arm's length price computation, and compliance with critical assumptions.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Advance Pricing Agreement application form streamlines transfer pricing disclosures, rollback requests, and electronic filing requirements
Form 51 is the application form for an Advance Pricing Agreement under the Income-tax framework and is used for both forward-looking APA requests and rollback requests where permitted. It consolidates the earlier separate application formats and is filed electronically under the prescribed rules to the competent tax authority. The form requires extensive disclosure on the applicant, associated enterprise, covered transactions, business structure, financials, transfer pricing background, relevant agreements, and transfer pricing methodology.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Advance Pricing Agreement filing form streamlines transfer pricing applications, rollback requests, and online compliance requirements.
Form 51 is the prescribed application for an Advance Pricing Agreement under the Income-tax Act, 2025, covering international transactions and specified domestic transactions for a specified period. It may be filed by a person who has entered into, or is contemplating entering into, international transactions with an associated enterprise, including eligible rollback applicants. The form must be filed online, with a valid PAN and proof of payment, and cannot be edited after submission and acknowledgment, except through the prescribed defect or amendment procedure. Supporting documents include financial statements and relevant inter-company agreements.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Advance Pricing Agreement pre-filing consultation form streamlines transfer pricing discussions, electronic filing, and anonymous representation options.
Form FN050 is the income-tax application for a pre-filing consultation in relation to an Advance Pricing Agreement, allowing an eligible person to discuss the proposed transfer pricing methodology for international transactions before formal APA filing. The form requires details of the applicant, the type of APA proposed, the transactions to be covered, and the relevant tax years, with annexures covering group structure, business model, functional profile, transfer pricing audit history, and other international transactions. It is filed electronically, assigned to an APA team, and taken up for consultation, with the Indian competent authority associated in bilateral or multilateral cases.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Advance Pricing Agreement pre-filing meeting form guides optional online application for transfer pricing discussions.
Form 50 is the prescribed income-tax application for requesting a pre-filing meeting in connection with an Advance Pricing Agreement under the transfer pricing framework. It is optional and available to a taxpayer intending to enter into an APA, enabling the taxpayer to place its proposed transfer pricing methodology before the tax authority before making a formal APA application. The form may be filed before undertaking the international transaction, only once in a year, and online only through the Income Tax e-Filing portal.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
RERA enforcement and insolvency accountability need overhaul to protect homebuyers from stalled projects and blocked ownership.
Stricter enforcement of RERA and insolvency law is sought to address homebuyers left without possession or legal title despite paying builders in full. The proposed reform emphasis includes attachment of a builder's personal assets on declaration of insolvency and the imposition of strict punishment after proper investigation. Concern is also expressed that delays within RERA allow default disputes to continue indefinitely, defeating the purpose of the regulatory regime.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Excise duty relief and export levies aim to shield fuel consumers and secure domestic supply amid global oil-price volatility.
Excise duty on petrol and diesel has been reduced to cushion domestic consumers against the rise in global crude oil prices and the resulting pressure on fuel costs. The special additional excise duty on petrol has been cut and the corresponding levy on diesel has been removed, while export duties have been reintroduced on diesel and aviation turbine fuel to preserve domestic availability of these products. The measure applies to diesel and aviation turbine fuel, but no windfall tax has been imposed on domestic crude oil producers.
March 27, 2026
Show AI Summary
Safe harbour filing requirements under Form 49 cover eligible transactions, due dates, disclosures, and accountant certification.
Safe harbour option under Form No. 49 is to be exercised by an eligible assessee by furnishing the merged and simplified form on or before the due date. The form replaces the erstwhile Forms 3CEFA, 3CEFB and 3CEFC and is used to furnish particulars relating to eligible international transactions, eligible specified domestic transactions and eligible business for the relevant tax year. Different filing timelines apply depending on the nature of the transaction, including a special filing window for provision of information technology services and a due-date-linked filing requirement for other cases.

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Corp. Laws / SEBI / IBC

Adani wins US court hearing in push to throw out SEC fraud suit

April 8, 2026

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New York, Apr 8 (PTI) A US judge granted a request from billionaire Gautam Adani to schedule a hearing in his effort to dismiss a US Securities and Exchange Commission fraud case, which he says lacks necessary jurisdiction as well as fails on multiple reasons.

This followed lawyers of Adani and his nephew, Sagar filing a plea seeking dismissal of the case.

"The court has received Defendants' letter requesting a pre-motion conference on their anticipated motion to dismiss the Complaint. The court GRANTS that request and DIRECTS the parties" to schedule the pre-motion conference, the Eastern District court of New York said in its order.

In the filing, ​the Adanis' lawyers said there was no credible evidence supporting ​the alleged bribery scheme.

The SEC, they said, lacked necessary jurisdiction over the two men and that the alleged misstatements underpinning the case weren't actionable.

The case brought by SEC in November 2024 alongside a criminal complaint by the US Department of Justice, alleges that the Adanis sought to pay over USD 250 million in bribes to Indian officials to secure solar energy contracts and concealed the scheme from US investors and banks when they raised funds.

The Adani Group has denied all allegations, stating that none of its entities or executives have been charged under the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and that Adani Green Energy - the renewable energy arm that raised the funds - is not a party to the proceedings.

While Gautam Adani chairs the Adani Group, Sagar Adani is executive director at Adani Green Energy.

The lawsuits had been stalled for over a year as the defendants, based in India, were not served notices. The group, which spans green energy, ports, realty, mining and news media, has continued to raise funds from global investors, including BlackRock, since the charges were filed.

The Brooklyn, New York court's decision to grant a hearing allows Adani to argue that the regulator's complaint should be thrown out at an early stage, potentially avoiding a protracted discovery process and trial.

In filings, Adani's legal team has argued that the case lacks sufficient jurisdictional basis and fails to establish actionable claims under US securities laws.

NO US JURISDICTION ------------------------ The Adanis argued that the court lacked personal jurisdiction, saying neither of them had sufficient contacts with the US or direct involvement in the bond offering.

The USD 750-million bond sale was conducted outside the United States under Rule 144A and Regulation S exemptions, with securities sold to non-US underwriters and only later resold in part to qualified institutional buyers, they said.

The plea stated that "in September 2021, Adani Green, which is not a US registrant, conducted a USD 750 million bond offering pursuant to SEC Rule 144A and SEC Regulation S, which are registration exemptions for private resales to qualified institutional buyers (QIBs) and for non-US sales, respectively".

"Adani Green sold all of the notes from the Offering outside the United States, via a Subscription Agreement, to non-US underwriters, who later resold the Notes to QIBs. A fraction of those resales -- in transactions to which Adani Green was not a party -- are alleged to have been made to 'investors in the United States'," it said.

The plea through the lawyers added that the complaint does not allege that Gautam Adani approved the issuance, attended key meetings, or directed any activity at US investors.

Stating that the SEC could not charge the two under the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, it instead recast its charges as a securities fraud case.

The filing states that the Adanis dispute that there is any credible evidence supporting the purported bribery scheme.

"Notably, the SEC does not allege that there were any investor losses, and there were none. The bonds have matured, and Adani Green repaid all principal and interest in full to investors in 2024," it added.

EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH CHALLENGED --------------------------------------------- The filing also contends the SEC's case is impermissibly extraterritorial, noting the securities were not listed in the United States, the issuer is Indian, and the alleged misconduct occurred entirely in India.

Citing US Supreme Court precedent, Adanis said the SEC failed to show any "domestic transaction", a requirement for applying US securities laws.

Under the sections invoked, the SEC must plausibly allege a "domestic transaction" and it must plead that "irrevocable liability was incurred or title was transferred within the United States".

The SEC charges against Adanis say nothing about where irrevocable liability was incurred, the plea said, adding that the mere fact, taken as true, that some downstream investors were located in the US is irrelevant to the case.

"The SEC's claims here solely involve Indian Defendants, an Indian issuer, securities not registered with the SEC and not traded on any US exchange, and underlying conduct alleged to have occurred exclusively in India," it said. "This case is thus conclusively beyond the reach of the US securities laws." NO INVESTOR LOSSES ------------------------- The defendants said the SEC does not allege any investor losses, adding that the bonds matured and were fully repaid with interest in 2024.

They also disputed the underlying bribery allegations, saying there is no credible evidence supporting such claims.

"The alleged bribery scheme relates to a solar energy project in India for the provision of renewable power in India. There is no allegation that any US company bid on the project, or that any US customer purchased energy in the project. In fact, there was no such US involvement," the plea said.

'PUFFERY' DEFENCE ---------------------- The filing argues that statements cited by the SEC -- relating to ESG commitments, anti-corruption practices, and corporate reputation -- amount to non-actionable "puffery", or general corporate optimism that investors cannot reasonably rely on.

It further said the SEC failed to link either defendant to specific misleading statements or demonstrate intent to defraud.

The defendants are seeking dismissal of the case in full and said they are prepared to appear for a pre-motion conference if required.

Adanis argued that the court lacks personal jurisdiction, saying neither had sufficient contacts with the US or direct involvement in the bond offering.

"The complaint contains no plausible allegation that Gautam Adani was involved in drafting, reviewing, or approving any document containing any alleged misstatement. Indeed, the SEC does not allege that Gautam Adani even knew these statements were being made," the plea said. "Because there are no allegations tying him to any alleged misstatement, the SEC's claims against Gautam Adani fail as a matter of law." The allegations against Sagar Adani are also deficient. "Even if 'multiple drafts' of the Offering Circular 'were provided to [him]', these allegations do not tie him to specific misstatements, much less show that he had 'ultimate authority' over their content," it said.

The SEC also fails to adequately plead that defendants acted with the requisite intent. "The SEC makes no plausible allegation that Defendants acted with knowledge or recklessness," it said.

The defendants intend to move to dismiss the SEC's complaint by April 30, 2026 and, as part of this process, have on April 7, 2026 submitted a letter with the EDNY (Eastern District New York) judge informing the court that the defendants are prepared to attend a pre-motion conference should the court wish to schedule one.

The filing of this letter is a standard procedural step in the legal process for the handling of such matters in accordance with the procedural rules prescribed by the EDNY judge.

In the letter, the defendants have briefly set out their grounds for dismissal of SEC's complaint, including that (i) the court concerned lacks personal jurisdiction over the defendants and the claims against them, (ii) the SEC's claims are impermissibly extraterritorial, (iii) the alleged misstatements by the defendants are too vague and general for any reasonable investor to rely upon as a guarantee of any concrete fact or outcome, making them inactionable, and (iii) the defendants' lack of involvement in the transaction bars the SEC's claims against them.

Gautam Adani is represented by Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, while Sagar Adani's counsel is Nixon Peabody LLP and Hecker Fink LLP.

SEC's CHARGES AGAINST ADANI ------------------------------------ The SEC has alleged that Gautam Adani, Sagar Adani and others orchestrated a USD 250 million-plus bribery scheme between 2020 and 2024 to secure solar energy contracts in India.

Their plea (termed as letter in US legal system) pointed out that SEC does not allege that there were any investor losses as there were none. The bonds have matured and all interest payments were made on time.

The court lacks personal jurisdiction over defendants and the claims against them should be dismissed under Rule 12(b)(2), the letter cited.

The SEC must plead that defendants had sufficient "minimum contacts" with the US and that the claims against them arose out of those activities, the letter pointed out. With respect to Gautam Adani, the SEC does not come close, the lawyers added.

The claims, according to the lawyers, "involve Indian Defendants, an Indian issuer, securities not registered with the SEC and not traded on US exchanges, and underlying conduct alleged to have occurred exclusively in India".

The SEC has not alleged underwriters who purchased the bonds from AGEL were US institutions as they weren't, or that the subscription agreement underlying the purchases was governed by US law as it wasn't.

"This case is thus conclusively beyond the reach of the US securities laws," the lawyers said.

The SEC has also failed to tie Sagar Adani to a single allegedly false or misleading statement, much less one directed at US investors, the letter added. PTI ANZ ANZ ANU ANU

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