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March 25, 2026
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Annual donor certificate for scientific research requires electronic FORM 16, separate from receipts and subject to deduction conditions.
Prescribed undertakings or institutions covered by section 45(3) must issue FORM 16 as an annual certificate to donors for sums received for scientific research. The certificate is issued once for the relevant tax year, on or before 31 May immediately following that year, and records the aggregate donation, donor particulars, the institution's approval details, and the relevant clause of section 45(3). FORM 16 is distinct from FORM 15, may be corrected or revised, and does not by itself guarantee deduction to the donor.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research donation reporting under Form 15 requires annual filing, donor-wise particulars, and cross-verification of deductions.
Form 15 is a statutory annual information statement for prescribed undertakings or institutions receiving sums for scientific research, social science research or statistical research under the Income-tax Act, 2025. It must be furnished annually by the recipient institution and verified by the person authorised to verify its return of income, on or before 31st May following the relevant tax year. The form captures donor-wise and donation-wise particulars and serves as a primary data source for cross-verification of deductions claimed by donors, without itself conferring any deduction.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research donation reporting under FORM 15 requires annual electronic furnishing by the recipient institution.
FORM 15 is a prescribed annual statement to be furnished by a prescribed undertaking or institution in respect of sums received for scientific research during a tax year. It applies to eligible sums received for scientific, social science or statistical research, and not to charitable donations. The obligation lies with the recipient institution, the statement is to be furnished annually on or before 31st May, and it must include donor-wise particulars, approval details, and receipt information. Non-furnishing or incorrect furnishing may affect the donor's deduction and attract statutory consequences.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
In-house R&D approval under Form 14 conditions tax deduction eligibility and links scientific recognition with compliance oversight.
Proposed Form 14 is the statutory approval order for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. Issued by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research under Rule 29, it records the company's particulars, the facility details, DSIR recognition, and the grant of approval for the deduction framework. The approval is facility-specific, depends on continued DSIR recognition, and does not by itself establish deduction entitlement.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
In-house research and development approval governs deduction claims subject to DSIR recognition and statutory compliance.
FORM 14 is the prescribed approval order issued by DSIR for a company's in-house research and development facility under section 45(2) read with Rule 29. It formally grants approval, records the scientific research to be undertaken, links the approval with DSIR recognition and the company's application, and supports a deduction claim subject to compliance with statutory conditions. The form is facility-specific, not a filing form, and may be withdrawn for non-compliance or withdrawal of DSIR recognition.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research and development audit reporting supports deduction claims through mandatory independent certification and account verification.
Proposed FORM 13 is the annual statutory audit report for an approved in-house scientific research and development facility under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is furnished by the company through an independent accountant and provides independent assurance on maintenance of separate accounts, correctness of capital and revenue expenditure, conformity with DSIR guidelines, and linkage with audited financial statements. FORM 13 is a mandatory supporting document for deduction claims and operates with FORM 11, FORM 14 and FORM 12 in the compliance framework.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
In-house R&D audit report defines compliance for deduction claims through separate accounts and certified expenditure.
FORM 13 is the accountant's annual audit report for an approved in-house scientific research and development facility claimed under section 45(2). It certifies maintenance of separate accounts, correctness of expenditure, and conformity with DSIR guidelines, and must be attached with or furnished in support of the company's return of income. The form is a mandatory compliance requirement, but deduction remains subject to verification and assessment.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Research and development deduction reporting through Form 12 supports technical certification, expenditure verification, and compliance oversight.
Proposed Form 12 is the statutory reporting form through which the prescribed authority, acting under Rule 29, submits findings and certification regarding an approved in-house research and development facility to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner of Income-tax. It operates within the compliance framework for deduction of expenditure on approved in-house R&D facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and records evaluation details, eligible expenditure and asset movements for verification of deduction claims.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Research and development deduction reporting through FORM 12 supports verification of eligible expenditure and compliance oversight.
FORM 12 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority under section 45(2) read with Rule 29 for an approved in-house research and development facility. It is filed with the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax and records the facility's examination, recognition status, and eligible capital and revenue expenditure for verifying deduction claims. The form is not filed by the company and does not itself determine final allowability of deduction, which remains subject to departmental verification during processing or assessment.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
In-house R&D facility approval framework under income tax law requires DSIR cooperation, audit compliance, and ongoing reporting.
FORM 11 sets out the statutory application and agreement framework for approval of in-house research and development facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025, read with Rule 29. It applies to eligible companies maintaining or proposing to maintain an in-house R&D facility and requires disclosure of company particulars, a DSIR agreement, and binding undertakings on audit, reporting, asset use, and compliance. Approval is facility-specific and remains subject to continued compliance, with DSIR serving as the prescribed authority for evaluation and oversight.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
In-house research and development approval requires disclosure, audit, and ongoing compliance before deduction can be considered.
Form 11 is the prescribed application under Rule 29 for a company seeking to enter into an agreement with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2). It requires disclosure of company particulars, R&D expenditure, facility details, research objectives, and undertakings on maintenance and audit of accounts. The form is generally a one-time approval application, but annual compliance continues through progress reports, audited accounts, and expenditure details. Approval does not itself secure deduction, which depends on statutory conditions, the agreement, and verification.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Statutory reporting for approved scientific research programmes under FORM 10 strengthens tax oversight and compliance monitoring.
Proposed FORM 10 is the statutory reporting form furnished by the prescribed authority to the Income-tax Department for approved scientific research programmes under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It functions as the oversight stage after FORM 7 and FORM 8, linking approvals with departmental monitoring of payments, utilisation and deduction claims. The form is furnished electronically to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner within the prescribed time and records the essential particulars of the approved programme, while not conferring any entitlement on the sponsor or replacing the approval order.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval reporting under tax law supports compliance monitoring, deduction verification, and administrative recordkeeping.
FORM 10 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority in relation to a scientific research programme approved under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is a post-approval monitoring instrument, furnished to the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax having jurisdiction over the sponsor within the prescribed time. The form records approval details, programme particulars, conditions of approval, and supports administrative monitoring, compliance verification, and cross-checking of deduction claims. It does not alter or substitute the approval granted under FORM 8.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research deduction claims depend on programme-specific Form 9 receipts, approval linkage, and statutory compliance requirements.
Form 9 is a statutory receipt for payments made towards an approved scientific research programme and links the payment stage with the approval granted in Form 8 and the sponsor's deduction claim under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is issued by the designated executing institution, records sponsor details, payment particulars, programme information, approved cost, tax years and cumulative receipts, and is programme-specific. The receipt supports but does not itself establish entitlement to deduction, which remains subject to statutory compliance and verification.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Form 9 receipt for approved scientific research payments supports deduction claims and compliance tracking.
Form 9 is the prescribed receipt for payments received towards an approved scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is issued to the sponsor by the executing institution, records the payment against the approved programme in FORM 8, and supports the sponsor's deduction claim subject to compliance with the Act and Rules. The form is programme-specific, may be issued for each payment or tranche including advance payments, and captures the sponsor details, payment particulars, approved cost, approved tax years, and cumulative receipts. It is not filed with the tax department but retained as supporting evidence.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval under tax law requires Form 8, with defined scope, cost, compliance and monitoring conditions.
Form 8 is the statutory approval order for a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and Rule 30. It is issued after examination of a sponsor's Form 7 application, records the approved scope, duration, cost, tax years and conditions of the programme, and is signed by the designated authority. The approval is programme-specific, cost-specific and time-bound, while post-approval compliance includes separate books, audit, reporting, asset restrictions and final completion reporting.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Energy Star ratings shape window air conditioner pricing by raising upfront cost while lowering electricity bills and maintenance.
Energy Star ratings for window air conditioners reflect Bureau of Energy Efficiency standards and indicate how much cooling an AC delivers per unit of electricity consumed. Higher-rated units generally cost more upfront because they use advanced components, smarter controls, and more efficient motors and compressors, but they can lower electricity bills, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. Choosing the right star rating depends on usage patterns, room size, budget, and local electricity tariffs, with energy efficiency affecting both purchase price and long-term ownership cost.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Prior approval for scientific research deduction requires FORM 7 before commencement, with strict programme-specific compliance conditions.
A sponsor seeking deduction for expenditure on a scientific research programme must furnish FORM 7 as the prescribed application for prior approval before commencement. Separate applications are required for each programme, and the form calls for details of the sponsor, the proposed research programme, its duration and estimated cost, and the executing institution. Approval may be granted only for eligible programmes carried out through specified institutions, while market research, sales promotion, routine quality control, commercial production, and routine data collection are excluded.

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Form 088 – Frequently Asked Questions

March 30, 2026

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Form 088 – Frequently Asked Questions

Form 088 – Application for Information under Section 258(2)(a) of Income Tax Act, 2025

Name of form as per I.T. Rules, 1962

Form 46

Name of form as per I.T. Rules, 2026

Form 088

Corresponding section of I.T. Act, 1961

138(1)(b)

Corresponding section of I.T. Act, 2025

258(2)(a)

Corresponding Rule of I.T. Rules, 1962

113

Corresponding Rule of I.T. Rules, 2026

155

Q1. What is Form 088 and when should it be used?

Ans: Form 088 is used to request specific information relating to a taxpayer under Section 258(2)(a) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is used by public authorities authorized by the law or the authorities authorized by the Central Government to request information necessary for statutory, regulatory, investigative, or administrative purposes.

Q2. Who is authorised to file Form 088?

Ans: Form 088 may be filed by:

  • Regulatory or law-enforcement agencies.
  • Government departments authorised under Rule 155.
  • Any competent authority legally empowered by the Central Government to request taxpayer information or authorised under Rule 155 to seek information under Section 258(2)(a).

Private individuals, taxpayers themselves, or unauthorised entities cannot file Form 088.

Q3. Is Form 088 required to be filed online or manually?

Ans: Form 088 is now required to be filed online through the Income-tax Department’s e-Filing portal. The form is to be submitted electronically by the authorised applicant.

Q4. Should a separate Form 088 be filed for each taxpayer or tax year?

Ans: Yes.

A separate Form 088 must be filed for each tax year and each taxpayer as clearly stated in the instructions attached to the form.

Q5. I need information for multiple years for the same taxpayer. Can I submit one consolidated Form 088?

Ans: No.

You must file separate Form 088 applications for each tax year, even for the same taxpayer.

Q6. Do I need to mandatorily provide Aadhaar number in Form 088?

Ans: For individuals, Aadhaar number is required if available, as provided in Part B of Form 088.

For assessees other than individuals, Aadhaar is not applicable.

Q7. The address of the taxpayer is incomplete or partially known. Can I still file Form 088?

Ans: The applicant should provide the address details as completely as possible in accordance with Note 2 of Form 088.

Q8. Is providing the mobile number compulsory in Form 088?

Ans: Providing a mobile number is not mandatory. However, if available, it should be furnished, as it facilitates communication and verification by the Department.

Q9. While filling Part C, what level of detail should be provided under “Specific information sought”?

Ans: You should specify:

  • The exact data required
  • The tax year for which it is required
  • Any internal reference number or case identifier

Avoid broad requests like “All details of taxpayer.” Such requests may be avoided.

Q10. What types of “Reasons for requisition” are acceptable?

Ans: Acceptable reasons include:

  1. Statutory investigations
  2. Regulatory compliance review
  3. Legal proceedings requiring taxpayer information
  4. Inter-departmental coordination based on law
  5. Intelligence or enforcement referrals

Vague reasons like “General inquiry” or “For record purposes” may be avoided.

Q11. Can I attach supporting documents to strengthen my request?

Ans: Yes.

Documents such as departmental letters, authorization orders, case references, or legal provisions may be attached to support the request.

Q12. What documents may be uploaded along with Form 088?

Ans:

The applicant may upload supporting documents such as authorisation orders, official correspondence, internal approvals, or legal references, if any, to substantiate the request. Physical documents, office seal, or stamp are not required in online filing.

Q13. Is digital signature (DSC) required for Form 088?

Ans: Form 088 is filed online through the e-Filing portal and is authenticated through electronic verification by the authorised applicant. Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is not mandatory unless specifically notified. Physical signature is not required once the form is submitted electronically.

Q14. Will the Income-tax Department reject Form 088?

Ans: Yes, Form 088 can be rejected if:

  • The applicant is not authorised
  • PAN or identity of taxpayer is mismatched or incorrect
  • Information sought is too broad or not legally justified
  • The request falls outside Section 258(2)(a)
  • Mandatory fields are incomplete

However, the reason for rejection will be communicated.

Q15. How will the information requested through Form 088 be shared?

Ans: The information or decision on disclosure is communicated by the jurisdictional Income-tax authority through official correspondence, which may be issued electronically through the e-Filing portal or through other official modes, as applicable.

Q16. My Form 088 submission was returned stating “Incomplete taxpayer details.” What does this mean?

Ans: It means mandatory fields like PAN, taxpayer name, Tax Year, or address were incomplete or inconsistent.

You should verify the entries and resubmit.

Q17. What is the importance of the applicant’s designation and details?

Ans: These details help the Department confirm:

  • Statutory competence
  • Validity of authority
  • Identity of the requester
  • Eligibility under Section 258(2)(a)

Missing or incorrect details can lead to rejection.

Q18. Can a private consultant or CA file Form 088 on behalf of a department or authority?

Ans: No.

Form 088 can only be filed by the competent authority itself.

Q19. How long does it take to receive information after filing Form 088?

Ans: There is no statutory time limit, but normally:

• Basic requests are processed in 15–30 days

• Complex or inter-jurisdictional requests take longer

Q20. What will be the outcome of submission of Form 088 to the jurisdictional Income Tax Authority?

Ans:

You will receive either:

  1. The requested information (partially or fully), or
  2. A written order giving reasons for non-disclosure, such as:
  • Legal restrictions
  • Inadequate justification
  • Jurisdictional issues
  • Confidentiality constraints

Q21. What are the common mistakes to avoid while preparing Form 088?

Ans:

  • Leaving mandatory fields blank
  • Requesting overly broad or vague information
  • Submitting without proper authorization
  • Using personal contact details instead of official ones
  • Not specifying the tax year clearly

Q22. Is there a fee for filing Form 088?

Ans: No.

Form 088 is a statutory request and does not require any fee.

Q23. Can Form 088 be used to request taxpayer records for academic or research purposes?

Ans: No.

Form 088 can only be used for statutory and legally authorised purposes.

Q24. How are annexures and supporting documents to be submitted with online Form 088?

Ans:

In online Form 088:

  • Details under “Specific information sought” and “Reason for seeking information” are to be entered in the prescribed text fields.
  • Where the space is insufficient, annexures can be uploaded electronically in the form, as permitted in Part C and Note 4 of Form 088.
  • Supporting documents such as authorisation orders, official correspondence, or legal references may also be uploaded online. No physical submission of documents is required.

Q25. Are any details pre-filled in online Form 088?

Ans:

Yes, certain information is pre-filled by the system to the extent available on the e-Filing portal, such as:

  • Applicant’s name and designation (where mapped),
  • Official contact details.

The applicant must verify the pre-filled data before submission.

Q26. Will the e-Filing system allow submission of Form 088 for multiple assessees or tax years in one form?

Ans:

No. The online system enforces the requirement that:

  • One Form 088 can be filed only for one assessee and one tax year.

Separate online applications must be filed for each assessee and for each tax year, in line with Note 6 of Form 088.

Q27. How will the applicant know whether Form 088 filed by him/her has been accepted by the Department?

Ans:

After online submission of Form 088, an acknowledgement number is generated on the e-Filing portal. The applicant can track the status of the form (Submitted / Under Processing / Accepted / Returned / Rejected) by logging into the e-Filing account and navigating to e-File → Income Tax Forms → View Filed Forms.

Any communication regarding acceptance, return for defects, or rejection, along with reasons wherever applicable, will be electronically communicated through the e-Filing portal and sent to the registered email ID and mobile number of the applicant.

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Acts Income Tax