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    Minutes of the Monetary Policy Committee Meeting, February 4 to 6, 2026 [Under Section 45ZL of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934]
    US trade deal has become an ordeal: Congress slams PM Modi
    Nothing changes, India will be paying tariffs; we will not be paying tariffs: Trump after SC ruling
    Trump seethes over Supreme Court justices who opposed him on tariffs, especially those he appointed
    The Latest: Trump says he'll sign executive order to enact 10 per cent global tariff
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February 21, 2026
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Policy repo rate unchanged; MPC retains neutral stance as inflation stays benign while growth outlook strengthens.
Under Section 45ZL the MPC's minutes record a unanimous decision to keep the policy repo rate unchanged and to retain the neutral stance after reviewing staff projections, surveys and alternative risk scenarios. The committee judged growth prospects to have strengthened while headline inflation remains benign though modestly revised upward for near quarters due mainly to precious metals; risks to the outlook are broadly balanced and policy will be guided by incoming data and the progress of transmission.
February 21, 2026
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Constitutional limits on presidential tariff power overturned global tariffs, reshaping the interim India-US trade deal consequences.
The US Supreme Court invalidated the President's global tariffs imposed under emergency powers, finding tariff authority lies with Congress; the decision undercuts executive unilateral tariff measures. The India-US interim agreement saw an Executive Order lifting prior punitive tariffs in return for India's energy purchasing commitments, and a reduced reciprocal tariff rate was agreed. Indian political opposition alleges the deal's timing reflected executive haste that risked sovereign bargaining leverage and domestic agricultural interests.
February 21, 2026
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Presidential tariff authority curtailed; temporary global import duty imposed to rebalance trade while India trade framework remains intact.
The Supreme Court held that the President exceeded authority in imposing sweeping tariffs; in response the President signed a Proclamation imposing a temporary import duty to address international payments problems and rebalance trade relationships, effective on a specified date for a limited period. The President stated that an interim trade framework with India remains in place, removing certain punitive tariffs on India under an Executive Order while asserting India will assume tariff obligations under the bilateral arrangement.
February 21, 2026
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Emergency powers tariffs invalidation prompts presidential denunciation of justices and raises separation of powers and institutional independence debate.
Six justices invalidated presidential global tariffs imposed under an asserted emergency powers statute, framing the central legal question as the permissible scope of executive authority to impose trade restrictions without clear congressional authorization, and the litigation tested statutory delegation, administrative action in the trade context, and judicial review of national-security framed economic measures.
February 21, 2026
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Emergency power limits prompt alternative executive tariff action, raising concerns about agriculture costs and trade uncertainty.
The Supreme Court invalidated a presidential tariff framework as an unlawful exercise of emergency power, leading the president to announce use of alternative executive authority to impose a temporary global tariff. Stakeholders warned that further tariff actions or use of other authorities would increase agricultural input costs and create trade uncertainty, while business groups said ties with trade partners remain intact despite the disruption.
February 21, 2026
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Presidential emergency powers curtailed as court invalidates broad tariffs imposed under IEEPA, overturning central global levies.
The Supreme Court found the President exceeded authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act by using IEEPA to impose broad tariffs, invalidating core IEEPA-based measures including the Liberation Day global tariff framework and subsequent trafficking and country-specific levies on Canada, Mexico, China, Brazil and India; sectoral and non-IEEPA tariffs remain in place while the executive considers alternative measures.
February 21, 2026
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Executive emergency tariff authority limited, prompting administration to pursue alternative statutory bases for imposing tariffs.
The Supreme Court concluded that the Constitution vests the taxing power in Congress and that the emergency statute invoked by the Executive does not authorize imposition of tariffs as revenue measures, constraining executive emergency tariff authority; the administration plans to rely on alternative statutory bases to replace the invalidated tariffs.
February 21, 2026
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Tariff policy remains central as the India trade arrangement continues despite judicial limits on tariff authority.
President Trump stated the bilateral trade arrangement with India remains in effect after the Supreme Court invalidated his broad tariffs, noting an Executive Order rescinded punitive tariffs on Indian oil imports from Russia and an Interim Agreement framework reduces reciprocal U.S. tariff treatment toward India while maintaining tariffs on Indian imports under the new terms; he framed tariffs as leverage for energy-sourcing commitments and de-escalation between India and Pakistan.
February 21, 2026
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IEEPA authority rejected, limiting tariff powers while administration decries the decision and cites geopolitical effects.
The Supreme Court held that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize imposition of duties, constraining executive authority to impose tariffs under national emergencies; the President criticized the ruling and reiterated that tariffs were used as a foreign policy tool to end hostilities between India and Pakistan, a claim denied by India which attributes cessation to direct military talks.
February 21, 2026
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Global tariff authority challenged after court invalidated emergency-use tariffs; president plans executive-order, time-limited alternative.
A judicial body invalidated a broad presidential program of global tariffs as an unlawful exercise of emergency power, eliminating the administration's primary emergency-based mechanism for imposing unilateral worldwide duties. The president announced intent to use an alternative statutory authority via executive order that would impose time-limited tariffs restricted to 150 days, signaling a shift to a different administrative vehicle for trade measures.
February 21, 2026
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Emergency powers invalidation limits executive authority to impose unilateral tariffs, nullifying sweeping reciprocal import duties.
The executive's imposition of sweeping "reciprocal" import duties under a claimed emergency powers statute was found unlawful; the tariffs were invalidated because setting import duties required clear congressional authorization rather than unilateral emergency proclamations, signaling a legal limit on executive authority to alter statutory tariff schemes by emergency declaration.
February 21, 2026
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Judicial review of emergency tariff powers restores congressional tariff authority, affecting recently announced India-US trade concessions.
The US Supreme Court struck down President Trump's global tariffs imposed under emergency powers, finding tariff authority lies with Congress, thereby removing the legal basis for those sweeping reciprocal tariffs. Indian opposition leaders contend that a recently announced India-US trade framework contained concessions extracted while the tariffs were assumed valid, and they seek clarity on whether those commitments-covering tariff eliminations, import targets, energy sourcing, and non tariff barrier commitments-will persist or be revisited following the judgment.
February 20, 2026
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IEEPA authority invalidated - certain IEEPA based tariffs now refundable to importers who directly paid them.
IEEPA based tariffs were deemed impermissible, allowing refunds only to US importers of record or consignees who directly paid tariffs. Eligible tariffs include IEEPA imposed levies commonly termed fentanyl, trafficking, reciprocal or baseline tariffs, including certain tariffs on goods from Brazil and India. Refunds exclude duties imposed under other statutory authorities such as anti dumping, countervailing, trade remedy or national security provisions. The administrative procedure and timing for claims remain uncertain pending further court and executive guidance.
February 20, 2026
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Presidential emergency powers limited: IEEPA cannot be used to impose broad import tariffs, leaving refund questions open.
The Supreme Court concluded that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the president to impose broad import tariffs, stressing that authority to levy taxes and tariffs rests with Congress and that longstanding practice shows such power has not been exercised under IEEPA. The opinion invalidates tariffs enacted under emergency proclamations while leaving untouched tariffs based on other statutory grounds, and it leaves unresolved whether and how refunds should be returned to importers who paid the challenged levies.
February 20, 2026
Show AI Summary
Presidential emergency tariff power invalidated, forcing alternative legal routes and prolonging trade and political uncertainty.
The Court held the president lacked authority to declare an economic emergency and impose sweeping import tariffs, removing an executive legal basis for those tariffs and forcing the administration to pursue alternative statutory mechanisms, which will prolong legal and political debate over trade policy.
February 20, 2026
Show AI Summary
IEEPA authority curtailed: major emergency based tariffs invalidated, leaving sectoral trade measures and exemptions intact.
The President exceeded statutory authority by invoking IEEPA to impose broad import tariffs, nullifying core emergency based levies. Affected measures include the wide ranging "Liberation Day" tariffs, trafficking justified duties on Canada, Mexico and China, Brazil linked duties, and India related levies tied to Russian oil purchases. The decision removes the IEEPA route for economy wide tariffs but leaves intact sectoral and statute specific tools that continue to impose tariffs on selected industries and products.
February 20, 2026
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IEEPA authority struck down; partners unlikely to abandon recent tariff deals, administration to rely on other statutes.
The Supreme Court invalidated reliance on the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose broad tariffs, finding IEEPA does not authorize such duties. Observers anticipate the Administration will instead invoke clear congressional tariff statutes and that trading partners who made recent deals are unlikely to withdraw them, having expected alternative statutory mechanisms to keep tariffs in place.
February 20, 2026
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Emergency-powers tariff invalidation restores trade predictability for exporters, but sectoral steel and aluminium duties remain in force.
The US Supreme Court invalidated country-specific reciprocal tariffs imposed under emergency powers, restoring predictability for exporters and enabling importers to seek refunds for duties paid under the invalidated regime, while separate sector-specific duties on steel, aluminium and certain auto components remain in force.
February 20, 2026
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Tariff authority options: multiple statutory pathways remain for imposing import duties despite limits on emergency powers.
After the court rejected the administration's emergency-based authority for sweeping reciprocal tariffs, the president can still impose import duties using alternative statutes: the Trade Act unfair-practices authority permitting unlimited tariffs after investigation and hearings; the Trade Act provision for addressing unbalanced trade that allows time-limited tariffs without prior investigation but is untested; the national-security tariff authority under the Trade Expansion Act which requires Commerce investigations; and a rarely used Tariff Act depression-era authorisation that allows very high, indefinite tariffs without investigation.
February 20, 2026
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IEEPA authority questioned as tariffs ruled unauthorized; dissent stresses tariffs' foreign affairs leverage, including India example.
The decision holds that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the imposition of import duties, rejecting the use of IEEPA as a statutory basis for tariffs; a dissent argued such tariffs fall within foreign affairs practice, serve as leverage in international negotiations, and cautioned against applying a major questions constraint to executive statutory authority in national security and diplomatic contexts.

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Customs, DGFT & SEZ

India’s Total Exports Rise to USD 714.73 Billion in FY 2025–26 (Apr–Jan)

March 24, 2026

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Government Strengthens Export Ecosystem to Expand India’s Global Trade Footprint

Government Launches “RELIEF” Scheme to Mitigate Export Risks from Geopolitical Disruptions

India’s trade performance has remained robust and resilient, with exports recording a steady upward trajectory both in the current fiscal year (FY 2025–26, Apr–Jan) and over the longer term (FY 2021–25). Despite persistent global uncertainty, supply chain disruptions, and volatile commodity prices, India’s exports have continued to expand in a broad-based manner. During Apr–Jan of FY 2025–26, total exports of merchandise and services rose by USD 36 billion, registering a growth of 5.26% from USD 679.02 billion in FY 2024–25 (Apr–Jan) to USD 714.73 billion. Over the period 2021–22 to 2024–25, exports achieved a compound annual growth rate of 6.9%, with values increasing sharply from USD 497.90 billion in 2020–21 to USD 828.25 billion in 2024–25. This consistent expansion underscores India’s ability to sustain diversified and resilient export growth, positioning the country as a strong player in global trade even under challenging external conditions.

The Government is consistently working to boost exports and expand the country’s global footprint, combining traditional strengths with emerging technology‑driven sectors. Central to this ambition is the creation of a supportive ecosystem where exporters, particularly MSMEs, can compete confidently in international markets. This effort is reinforced by a dynamic policy framework, strong financial incentives, a growing digital infrastructure, improved trade facilitation, and a determined push to secure deeper market access through next‑generation trade agreements.

The Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) 2023, designed as a flexible and evolving framework to adapt to global shifts, has emerged as a key enabler of India’s export momentum. Built on four core pillars - trade facilitation, export promotion, state‑level partnerships, and digital integration - the FTP is further reinforced by targeted export promotion schemes that collectively enhance India’s competitiveness in global markets.

The RoDTEP scheme plays a central role by neutralizing embedded taxes on exports and enabling Indian goods to remain competitive worldwide. The recently launched Export Promotion Mission (EPM) 2 further reinforces this effort through two targeted pillars: expanding access to affordable trade finance and upgrading quality, logistics, branding, and market‑readiness across the export value chain. The Government has approved the EPM with a budgetary outlay of Rs. 25,060 crores (FY 2025–26 to FY 2030–31). It operates through Niryat Protsahan (focusing on trade finance and credit enhancement) and Niryat Disha (focusing on export logistics, warehousing, and market access), specifically targeting MSME competitiveness.

The Government has recently notified a time-limited “RELIEF” Scheme, an intervention under the Export Promotion Mission, to be implemented through the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC), is operationalised to address elevated export risks arising from geopolitical disruptions in the Gulf and West Asia maritime corridor.

Together with the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC), which provides critical risk‑mitigation support for exports, and schemes like Trade Infrastructure for Export Scheme (TIES) that build export‑linked infrastructure across the country.

Running parallel to these financial and policy instruments is India’s accelerating shift toward technology‑enabled trade governance. A strong digital backbone powered by platforms such as the 24×7 EIC interface, the Trade Intelligence & Analytics platform, the Common Digital Platform for Certificates of Origin, and the Trade e-Connect portal has transformed how exporters access information, approvals, and global markets. These systems enable fully online processing, real‑time compliance updates, digital certification, faster turnaround times, and easier access to global market intelligence. The outcome is a trade ecosystem that is more transparent, data‑driven, efficient, and equitable.

Proactive trade diplomacy complements policy measures and expanding digital infrastructure, reinforcing the country’s efforts to strengthen global market access and enhance export competitiveness. With 19 FTAs and a renewed push since 2021 wherein India has concluded or advanced eight major agreements with key partners. The India-EU FTA, a landmark pact offering access to almost the entire EU tariff universe, marks a significant step in integrating India more deeply into global value chains. The India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) is India’s first FTA to include a dedicated commitment aiming to increase FDI from their investors. Trade agreements with New Zealand, Oman and UK will broaden market access, enhance services mobility, secure long‑term investments, and create predictable regulatory environments for businesses. Meanwhile, ongoing negotiations with Israel, Canada, GCC nations, Chile, and Peru indicate India’s determination to expand high‑value trade corridors across regions.

India’s export strategy reflects a decisive whole‑of‑government approach, moving beyond transactional support to building a resilient, competitive, and future‑ready ecosystem. By combining targeted financial incentives, technology‑enabled trade facilitation, institutional reforms, and proactive market‑access initiatives, the focus is on embedding digital governance, expanding global reach, and strengthening exporter capabilities across sectors and regions. This integrated approach positions India not just as a participant, but as a trusted, technology‑driven partner in global trade.

This information was given by the Minister of State for Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Shri Jitin Prasada, in Lok Sabha today.

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