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March 25, 2026
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Scientific research donation reporting under Form 15 requires annual filing, donor-wise particulars, and cross-verification of deductions.
Form 15 is a statutory annual information statement for prescribed undertakings or institutions receiving sums for scientific research, social science research or statistical research under the Income-tax Act, 2025. It must be furnished annually by the recipient institution and verified by the person authorised to verify its return of income, on or before 31st May following the relevant tax year. The form captures donor-wise and donation-wise particulars and serves as a primary data source for cross-verification of deductions claimed by donors, without itself conferring any deduction.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research donation reporting under FORM 15 requires annual electronic furnishing by the recipient institution.
FORM 15 is a prescribed annual statement to be furnished by a prescribed undertaking or institution in respect of sums received for scientific research during a tax year. It applies to eligible sums received for scientific, social science or statistical research, and not to charitable donations. The obligation lies with the recipient institution, the statement is to be furnished annually on or before 31st May, and it must include donor-wise particulars, approval details, and receipt information. Non-furnishing or incorrect furnishing may affect the donor's deduction and attract statutory consequences.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D approval under Form 14 conditions tax deduction eligibility and links scientific recognition with compliance oversight.
Proposed Form 14 is the statutory approval order for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. Issued by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research under Rule 29, it records the company's particulars, the facility details, DSIR recognition, and the grant of approval for the deduction framework. The approval is facility-specific, depends on continued DSIR recognition, and does not by itself establish deduction entitlement.
March 25, 2026
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In-house research and development approval governs deduction claims subject to DSIR recognition and statutory compliance.
FORM 14 is the prescribed approval order issued by DSIR for a company's in-house research and development facility under section 45(2) read with Rule 29. It formally grants approval, records the scientific research to be undertaken, links the approval with DSIR recognition and the company's application, and supports a deduction claim subject to compliance with statutory conditions. The form is facility-specific, not a filing form, and may be withdrawn for non-compliance or withdrawal of DSIR recognition.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research and development audit reporting supports deduction claims through mandatory independent certification and account verification.
Proposed FORM 13 is the annual statutory audit report for an approved in-house scientific research and development facility under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is furnished by the company through an independent accountant and provides independent assurance on maintenance of separate accounts, correctness of capital and revenue expenditure, conformity with DSIR guidelines, and linkage with audited financial statements. FORM 13 is a mandatory supporting document for deduction claims and operates with FORM 11, FORM 14 and FORM 12 in the compliance framework.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D audit report defines compliance for deduction claims through separate accounts and certified expenditure.
FORM 13 is the accountant's annual audit report for an approved in-house scientific research and development facility claimed under section 45(2). It certifies maintenance of separate accounts, correctness of expenditure, and conformity with DSIR guidelines, and must be attached with or furnished in support of the company's return of income. The form is a mandatory compliance requirement, but deduction remains subject to verification and assessment.
March 25, 2026
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Research and development deduction reporting through Form 12 supports technical certification, expenditure verification, and compliance oversight.
Proposed Form 12 is the statutory reporting form through which the prescribed authority, acting under Rule 29, submits findings and certification regarding an approved in-house research and development facility to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner of Income-tax. It operates within the compliance framework for deduction of expenditure on approved in-house R&D facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and records evaluation details, eligible expenditure and asset movements for verification of deduction claims.
March 25, 2026
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Research and development deduction reporting through FORM 12 supports verification of eligible expenditure and compliance oversight.
FORM 12 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority under section 45(2) read with Rule 29 for an approved in-house research and development facility. It is filed with the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax and records the facility's examination, recognition status, and eligible capital and revenue expenditure for verifying deduction claims. The form is not filed by the company and does not itself determine final allowability of deduction, which remains subject to departmental verification during processing or assessment.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D facility approval framework under income tax law requires DSIR cooperation, audit compliance, and ongoing reporting.
FORM 11 sets out the statutory application and agreement framework for approval of in-house research and development facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025, read with Rule 29. It applies to eligible companies maintaining or proposing to maintain an in-house R&D facility and requires disclosure of company particulars, a DSIR agreement, and binding undertakings on audit, reporting, asset use, and compliance. Approval is facility-specific and remains subject to continued compliance, with DSIR serving as the prescribed authority for evaluation and oversight.
March 25, 2026
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In-house research and development approval requires disclosure, audit, and ongoing compliance before deduction can be considered.
Form 11 is the prescribed application under Rule 29 for a company seeking to enter into an agreement with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2). It requires disclosure of company particulars, R&D expenditure, facility details, research objectives, and undertakings on maintenance and audit of accounts. The form is generally a one-time approval application, but annual compliance continues through progress reports, audited accounts, and expenditure details. Approval does not itself secure deduction, which depends on statutory conditions, the agreement, and verification.
March 25, 2026
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Statutory reporting for approved scientific research programmes under FORM 10 strengthens tax oversight and compliance monitoring.
Proposed FORM 10 is the statutory reporting form furnished by the prescribed authority to the Income-tax Department for approved scientific research programmes under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It functions as the oversight stage after FORM 7 and FORM 8, linking approvals with departmental monitoring of payments, utilisation and deduction claims. The form is furnished electronically to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner within the prescribed time and records the essential particulars of the approved programme, while not conferring any entitlement on the sponsor or replacing the approval order.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval reporting under tax law supports compliance monitoring, deduction verification, and administrative recordkeeping.
FORM 10 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority in relation to a scientific research programme approved under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is a post-approval monitoring instrument, furnished to the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax having jurisdiction over the sponsor within the prescribed time. The form records approval details, programme particulars, conditions of approval, and supports administrative monitoring, compliance verification, and cross-checking of deduction claims. It does not alter or substitute the approval granted under FORM 8.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research deduction claims depend on programme-specific Form 9 receipts, approval linkage, and statutory compliance requirements.
Form 9 is a statutory receipt for payments made towards an approved scientific research programme and links the payment stage with the approval granted in Form 8 and the sponsor's deduction claim under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is issued by the designated executing institution, records sponsor details, payment particulars, programme information, approved cost, tax years and cumulative receipts, and is programme-specific. The receipt supports but does not itself establish entitlement to deduction, which remains subject to statutory compliance and verification.
March 25, 2026
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Form 9 receipt for approved scientific research payments supports deduction claims and compliance tracking.
Form 9 is the prescribed receipt for payments received towards an approved scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is issued to the sponsor by the executing institution, records the payment against the approved programme in FORM 8, and supports the sponsor's deduction claim subject to compliance with the Act and Rules. The form is programme-specific, may be issued for each payment or tranche including advance payments, and captures the sponsor details, payment particulars, approved cost, approved tax years, and cumulative receipts. It is not filed with the tax department but retained as supporting evidence.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval under tax law requires Form 8, with defined scope, cost, compliance and monitoring conditions.
Form 8 is the statutory approval order for a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and Rule 30. It is issued after examination of a sponsor's Form 7 application, records the approved scope, duration, cost, tax years and conditions of the programme, and is signed by the designated authority. The approval is programme-specific, cost-specific and time-bound, while post-approval compliance includes separate books, audit, reporting, asset restrictions and final completion reporting.
March 25, 2026
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Energy Star ratings shape window air conditioner pricing by raising upfront cost while lowering electricity bills and maintenance.
Energy Star ratings for window air conditioners reflect Bureau of Energy Efficiency standards and indicate how much cooling an AC delivers per unit of electricity consumed. Higher-rated units generally cost more upfront because they use advanced components, smarter controls, and more efficient motors and compressors, but they can lower electricity bills, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. Choosing the right star rating depends on usage patterns, room size, budget, and local electricity tariffs, with energy efficiency affecting both purchase price and long-term ownership cost.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.
March 25, 2026
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Prior approval for scientific research deduction requires FORM 7 before commencement, with strict programme-specific compliance conditions.
A sponsor seeking deduction for expenditure on a scientific research programme must furnish FORM 7 as the prescribed application for prior approval before commencement. Separate applications are required for each programme, and the form calls for details of the sponsor, the proposed research programme, its duration and estimated cost, and the executing institution. Approval may be granted only for eligible programmes carried out through specified institutions, while market research, sales promotion, routine quality control, commercial production, and routine data collection are excluded.
March 25, 2026
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Rupee weakness amid foreign fund outflows, lower crude prices and expectations of RBI dollar support.
The rupee weakened in early trade against the US dollar amid sustained foreign fund outflows and market uncertainty linked to the West Asia crisis. The decline was partly cushioned by lower global crude oil prices, a weaker dollar and a firm opening in domestic equity markets. Market participants also expected RBI intervention through dollar sales, while exporters were hedging and importers buying on dips.

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Customs, DGFT & SEZ

Union Minister of Commerce & Industry Shri Piyush Goyal Calls for Making India’s IP Approval System Among Top Five Globally in Speed, Transparency and Efficiency

March 10, 2026

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Shri Piyush Goyal Calls for Collective Efforts to Foster Innovation Culture; Highlights 50,000 New Innovation Labs in Schools

India Registers 215% Growth in Patent Filings in a Decade; GII Ranking Improves from 81 to 38: Shri Piyush Goyal

Government Recruiting Personnel to Accelerate IP Approvals; Shri Goyal Stresses Transparency and Integrity

Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Shri Piyush Goyal today called for making India’s Intellectual Property (IP) approval system among the top five in the world in terms of speed, transparency and efficiency, while emphasising the need to strengthen the country’s innovation ecosystem and encourage wider participation from innovators, startups, MSMEs, women and youth.

Addressing the National IP Awards & IP Conference in New Delhi today, Shri Goyal said that faster and more efficient disposal of applications related to trademarks, patents, copyrights, designs and Geographical Indications (GI) would help promote a strong culture of innovation and enable innovators to bring their ideas to market more quickly.

Congratulating the award winners for their outstanding achievements, the Minister said the awards recognise the valuable contributions of scientists, innovators, technocrats, MSMEs, entrepreneurs, agricultural institutes and IITs who are playing a key role in shaping India’s innovation-driven growth. He said the awardees represent the spirit of New India—an India that embraces technology and seeks to remain at the cutting edge of global innovation.

Shri Goyal said that recognising such achievements sends a powerful message to the wider IP ecosystem to take up similar challenges and develop path-breaking ideas. He expressed confidence that the awards will encourage the winners to achieve even greater success in the future while inspiring others to aspire for similar recognition.

The Minister stressed the importance of nurturing curiosity, inquisitiveness and the spirit of inquiry among children from a young age. Encouraging young minds to explore new ideas and think beyond conventional boundaries, he said, is essential for building a culture of innovation.

Referring to the government’s initiative to establish 50,000 new innovation labs in schools, announced in the Union Budget, Shri Goyal said these initiatives are aimed at fostering creativity, experimentation and problem-solving among students.

He urged professionals, innovators and industry stakeholders to contribute to this effort by engaging with their schools and colleges as alumni, interacting with students through webinars or video conferences, and encouraging them to understand the value of innovation, entrepreneurship and problem-solving.

Referring to the recently celebrated International Women’s Day, the Minister highlighted the importance of integrating women more deeply into the innovation and IP ecosystem. He said that more women are entering the research field with science and technology as their focal areas, and emphasised that the participation of youth and women is critical in ensuring technological advancement and improving quality of life for citizens.

The Minister said India’s talent pool, strong skill base and large number of STEM graduates produced every year will significantly contribute to making the country’s innovation and intellectual property ecosystem among the best in the world.

Shri Goyal appreciated the efforts of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (CGPDTM) for relentlessly working to bring global best practices to India’s IP ecosystem and aligning it with international standards, including learnings from developed economies and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). He noted that the office began its journey with several challenges including shortage of staff, outdated technology and a large backlog of applications, but significant efforts have been made to clear much of the backlog.

He said that while certain challenges still remain in some areas, the government is recruiting new talent, strengthening capacity and enhancing skills to deal with pending cases and improve efficiency.

Highlighting some of the award-winning institutions, Shri Goyal praised IIT Madras for its path-breaking work and its startup incubation hub, which he described as truly phenomenal. Recalling his visit to the facility, he said the incubation ecosystem created there could serve as a model for upgrading other incubation centres across the country, especially in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities and remote regions including areas such as Sikkim and northern parts of India.

The Minister also noted the growing role of women in licensing of new designs and encouraged innovators to register new designs and traditional products under the Geographical Indications (GI) registry. Given India’s vast diversity and rich heritage, he said there is significant potential to increase GI registrations across the country.

Quoting Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Shri Goyal said that the rise in patent applications in India reflects the growing innovative zeal of the country’s youth, which is a very positive sign for the future. He said this growing enthusiasm among innovators is sending a strong message globally that India is emerging as a major centre of innovation and technology development.

Highlighting India’s progress in innovation indicators, Shri Goyal noted that the country has improved its position in the Global Innovation Index (GII) from 81st in 2015 to 38th currently. He also pointed out that patent filings in India have grown by nearly 215 percent in the last decade, with India’s global ranking improving from 14th to 6th.

Shri Goyal emphasised that innovation opportunities exist in everyday life and that identifying and solving such challenges requires an open mind and creative thinking.

Recalling the evolution of the national slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan”, later expanded by former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee with “Jai Vigyan”, the Minister noted that Prime Minister Narendra Modi further added “Jai Anusandhan”, highlighting the central role of innovation and research in India’s development journey.

He said India enjoys several demographic advantages including a young population with an average age of under 30 years, a balanced gender ratio and increasing participation of women in the formal workforce across sectors.

Highlighting the remarkable rise in women-led innovation, Shri Goyal said patent filings by women have increased by 345 times over the past 12 years, demonstrating a transformational change in the innovation landscape.

The Minister said India is witnessing an IP revolution with tremendous opportunities for innovators. Echoing the Prime Minister’s vision, he emphasised that the path forward lies in “Innovate, Patent, Produce and Prosper.”

Reiterating the government’s commitment to supporting startups, women entrepreneurs and micro and small enterprises, Shri Goyal said the government has already reduced IP-related fees by about 50 to 80 percent. He suggested that an 80 percent fee reduction be extended for women entrepreneurs, startup innovators and micro and small enterprises for filings in order to make the system more affordable and accessible.

He also proposed exploring fast-track mechanisms to support these applicants and encourage greater participation in the IP ecosystem.

Speaking about India’s global economic engagement, Shri Goyal said the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India) does not mean closing doors to the world but strengthening international partnerships.

He noted that India has signed nine Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in the last three and a half years, covering 38 prosperous and largely developed countries, giving India preferential market access to nearly two-thirds of global trade.

He urged innovators and entrepreneurs to take advantage of these opportunities by developing new products, services and export markets.

Shri Goyal assured stakeholders that the government is recruiting a large number of personnel to accelerate IP approvals and reiterated his goal of making India’s IP system among the top five globally in terms of clearance speed.

He emphasised that the system must remain transparent, fair and efficient, and encouraged stakeholders to raise concerns directly with the Chief Controller or the concerned department if they face any difficulties. He also urged citizens to report any irregular practices in government processes, assuring that the government is committed to maintaining high integrity and seamless interaction between innovators and government institutions.

Shri Goyal concluded with expressing confidence that the collective efforts of innovators, institutions and the government will help transform ideas into impactful creations and accelerate India’s journey towards becoming a developed and prosperous nation.

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