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    Murky outlook for businesses after tariff ruling prompts countermoves by Trump
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February 21, 2026
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Presidential tariff authority limited by court; administration seeks alternative statutory paths to maintain import duties, prolonging business uncertainty.
The Supreme Court ruled the president lacked authority under the emergency-powers framework to impose import tariffs, voiding tariffs imposed on that basis while leaving open the administration's use of other statutory authorities to impose duties; the decision narrows one executive route for tariffs but creates complex refund and recovery issues and leaves many existing tariffs under different authorities intact.
February 21, 2026
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Separation of powers affirmed: Presidential global tariffs invalidated, reaffirming that only Congress may impose taxes.
A Supreme Court decision concluded that broad presidential global tariffs exceeded executive authority by encroaching on Congress's exclusive power over taxation; counsel for small businesses argued the levies operated as taxes imposed without congressional authorization, framing the dispute as a structural separation of powers issue and reaffirming that only Congress can impose taxes.
February 21, 2026
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Invalidation of emergency tariff authority leaves collected import duties subject to refund and protracted litigation.
The Supreme Court held the International Emergency Economic Powers Act did not authorize presidential tariffs, leaving collected import duties unlawful but not prescribing a refund mechanism. Administration of refunds will likely involve the customs agency, specialised trade tribunals and lower courts, utilising or adapting existing duty correction procedures, and is expected to produce prolonged, multi jurisdictional litigation as importers seek recovery while consumers face evidentiary obstacles to claiming pass through losses.
February 21, 2026
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KYC/KYB compliance automation expands: AI platform streamlines MSME due diligence, risk screening and faster onboarding for lenders.
An AI-powered KYC/KYB platform automates entity and individual due diligence and compliance for the BFSI sector, centralising MSME discovery and risk evaluation via a large multi-source data lake. It supports onboarding, underwriting, GTM optimisation and credit decisioning by converting fragmented business information into actionable intelligence. The system enables scaled lead generation, automated due diligence, and extensive sanction and litigation screening to bolster anti-money laundering controls, and provides a Model Context Protocol allowing configurable AI agents and custom model integration to align with institutional policies.
February 21, 2026
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Temporary import surcharge lowers reciprocal US tariff on Indian goods following legal limitation on presidential tariff powers
A presidential proclamation imposes a temporary import surcharge of ten per cent ad valorem, effective February 24, 2026, applied in addition to existing Most Favoured Nation duties; this replaces prior broader reciprocal levies on Indian goods, while higher sectoral tariffs for specified products remain and the surcharge applies only to a portion of exports due to coverage exemptions.
February 21, 2026
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Policy repo rate unchanged; MPC retains neutral stance as inflation stays benign while growth outlook strengthens.
Under Section 45ZL the MPC's minutes record a unanimous decision to keep the policy repo rate unchanged and to retain the neutral stance after reviewing staff projections, surveys and alternative risk scenarios. The committee judged growth prospects to have strengthened while headline inflation remains benign though modestly revised upward for near quarters due mainly to precious metals; risks to the outlook are broadly balanced and policy will be guided by incoming data and the progress of transmission.
February 21, 2026
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Constitutional limits on presidential tariff power overturned global tariffs, reshaping the interim India-US trade deal consequences.
The US Supreme Court invalidated the President's global tariffs imposed under emergency powers, finding tariff authority lies with Congress; the decision undercuts executive unilateral tariff measures. The India-US interim agreement saw an Executive Order lifting prior punitive tariffs in return for India's energy purchasing commitments, and a reduced reciprocal tariff rate was agreed. Indian political opposition alleges the deal's timing reflected executive haste that risked sovereign bargaining leverage and domestic agricultural interests.
February 21, 2026
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Presidential tariff authority curtailed; temporary global import duty imposed to rebalance trade while India trade framework remains intact.
The Supreme Court held that the President exceeded authority in imposing sweeping tariffs; in response the President signed a Proclamation imposing a temporary import duty to address international payments problems and rebalance trade relationships, effective on a specified date for a limited period. The President stated that an interim trade framework with India remains in place, removing certain punitive tariffs on India under an Executive Order while asserting India will assume tariff obligations under the bilateral arrangement.
February 21, 2026
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Emergency powers tariffs invalidation prompts presidential denunciation of justices and raises separation of powers and institutional independence debate.
Six justices invalidated presidential global tariffs imposed under an asserted emergency powers statute, framing the central legal question as the permissible scope of executive authority to impose trade restrictions without clear congressional authorization, and the litigation tested statutory delegation, administrative action in the trade context, and judicial review of national-security framed economic measures.
February 21, 2026
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Emergency power limits prompt alternative executive tariff action, raising concerns about agriculture costs and trade uncertainty.
The Supreme Court invalidated a presidential tariff framework as an unlawful exercise of emergency power, leading the president to announce use of alternative executive authority to impose a temporary global tariff. Stakeholders warned that further tariff actions or use of other authorities would increase agricultural input costs and create trade uncertainty, while business groups said ties with trade partners remain intact despite the disruption.
February 21, 2026
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Presidential emergency powers curtailed as court invalidates broad tariffs imposed under IEEPA, overturning central global levies.
The Supreme Court found the President exceeded authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act by using IEEPA to impose broad tariffs, invalidating core IEEPA-based measures including the Liberation Day global tariff framework and subsequent trafficking and country-specific levies on Canada, Mexico, China, Brazil and India; sectoral and non-IEEPA tariffs remain in place while the executive considers alternative measures.
February 21, 2026
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Executive emergency tariff authority limited, prompting administration to pursue alternative statutory bases for imposing tariffs.
The Supreme Court concluded that the Constitution vests the taxing power in Congress and that the emergency statute invoked by the Executive does not authorize imposition of tariffs as revenue measures, constraining executive emergency tariff authority; the administration plans to rely on alternative statutory bases to replace the invalidated tariffs.
February 21, 2026
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Tariff policy remains central as the India trade arrangement continues despite judicial limits on tariff authority.
President Trump stated the bilateral trade arrangement with India remains in effect after the Supreme Court invalidated his broad tariffs, noting an Executive Order rescinded punitive tariffs on Indian oil imports from Russia and an Interim Agreement framework reduces reciprocal U.S. tariff treatment toward India while maintaining tariffs on Indian imports under the new terms; he framed tariffs as leverage for energy-sourcing commitments and de-escalation between India and Pakistan.
February 21, 2026
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IEEPA authority rejected, limiting tariff powers while administration decries the decision and cites geopolitical effects.
The Supreme Court held that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize imposition of duties, constraining executive authority to impose tariffs under national emergencies; the President criticized the ruling and reiterated that tariffs were used as a foreign policy tool to end hostilities between India and Pakistan, a claim denied by India which attributes cessation to direct military talks.
February 21, 2026
Show AI Summary
Global tariff authority challenged after court invalidated emergency-use tariffs; president plans executive-order, time-limited alternative.
A judicial body invalidated a broad presidential program of global tariffs as an unlawful exercise of emergency power, eliminating the administration's primary emergency-based mechanism for imposing unilateral worldwide duties. The president announced intent to use an alternative statutory authority via executive order that would impose time-limited tariffs restricted to 150 days, signaling a shift to a different administrative vehicle for trade measures.
February 21, 2026
Show AI Summary
Emergency powers invalidation limits executive authority to impose unilateral tariffs, nullifying sweeping reciprocal import duties.
The executive's imposition of sweeping "reciprocal" import duties under a claimed emergency powers statute was found unlawful; the tariffs were invalidated because setting import duties required clear congressional authorization rather than unilateral emergency proclamations, signaling a legal limit on executive authority to alter statutory tariff schemes by emergency declaration.
February 21, 2026
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Judicial review of emergency tariff powers restores congressional tariff authority, affecting recently announced India-US trade concessions.
The US Supreme Court struck down President Trump's global tariffs imposed under emergency powers, finding tariff authority lies with Congress, thereby removing the legal basis for those sweeping reciprocal tariffs. Indian opposition leaders contend that a recently announced India-US trade framework contained concessions extracted while the tariffs were assumed valid, and they seek clarity on whether those commitments-covering tariff eliminations, import targets, energy sourcing, and non tariff barrier commitments-will persist or be revisited following the judgment.
February 20, 2026
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IEEPA authority invalidated - certain IEEPA based tariffs now refundable to importers who directly paid them.
IEEPA based tariffs were deemed impermissible, allowing refunds only to US importers of record or consignees who directly paid tariffs. Eligible tariffs include IEEPA imposed levies commonly termed fentanyl, trafficking, reciprocal or baseline tariffs, including certain tariffs on goods from Brazil and India. Refunds exclude duties imposed under other statutory authorities such as anti dumping, countervailing, trade remedy or national security provisions. The administrative procedure and timing for claims remain uncertain pending further court and executive guidance.
February 20, 2026
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Presidential emergency powers limited: IEEPA cannot be used to impose broad import tariffs, leaving refund questions open.
The Supreme Court concluded that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the president to impose broad import tariffs, stressing that authority to levy taxes and tariffs rests with Congress and that longstanding practice shows such power has not been exercised under IEEPA. The opinion invalidates tariffs enacted under emergency proclamations while leaving untouched tariffs based on other statutory grounds, and it leaves unresolved whether and how refunds should be returned to importers who paid the challenged levies.
February 20, 2026
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Presidential emergency tariff power invalidated, forcing alternative legal routes and prolonging trade and political uncertainty.
The Court held the president lacked authority to declare an economic emergency and impose sweeping import tariffs, removing an executive legal basis for those tariffs and forcing the administration to pursue alternative statutory mechanisms, which will prolong legal and political debate over trade policy.

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Customs, DGFT & SEZ

FTAs Opening New Opportunities for Pharma, Healthcare and MedTech Sectors: Union Minister of Commerce & Industry Shri Piyush Goyal

March 10, 2026

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FTAs Benefiting Farmers, MSMEs and Innovation Sectors; Strengthening India’s Role as ‘Pharmacy of the World’: Shri Goyal

Linking Healthcare Sector with Exports and Skill Development a Key Priority: Shri Goyal

Union Minister of Commerce & Industry Piyush Goyal today said that India’s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are opening new opportunities for the pharmaceutical, healthcare and medical technology sectors, while enabling the country to strengthen its position in global trade.

Addressing the Post Budget Webinar 2026 on Sabka Sath Sabka Vikas: Fulfilling Aspiration of People in New Delhi, Shri Goyal said that under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has signed a total of nine Free Trade Agreements in the last three to three-and-a-half years, of which five have been concluded in the past 12 months. As a result, nearly two-thirds of global trade is now open to India. He noted that these agreements provide India with preferential access compared to many other countries, with lower duties and expanded market opportunities, thereby opening new avenues to enhance trade. According to him, the scale of India’s trade with the world in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors is now greater than ever before.

Shri Goyal said that Free Trade Agreements are linked not only to large industries but also to farmers, fishermen, MSMEs, small industries and traders. He added that these agreements benefit sectors such as pharmaceuticals and the med-tech sector that manufactures medical equipment, and also open new global opportunities for those working in innovation and emerging technologies. Highlighting India’s strong presence in the pharmaceutical sector, he said the country is widely recognised as the “Pharmacy of the World”. He expressed confidence that the strong foundation laid under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi will help India move forward and unlock new opportunities in global markets.

The Minister also outlined five priority areas which, he said, could guide India’s journey during the Amrit Kaal towards achieving the vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047.

He said that the benefits of Free Trade Agreements will be realised only when businesses and institutions actively utilise them. While the government can open pathways and create opportunities, trade and business must ultimately be driven by industry. Shri Goyal said that India must build a comprehensive healthcare ecosystem that brings together manufacturing, innovation, startups and hospitals. Such an integrated ecosystem will enable the country to fully utilise the opportunities created through FTAs. He added that MSMEs will play a significant role in this process, particularly in quality upgradation. According to him, strengthening quality standards and testing facilities will ensure that products exported from India enhance the Brand India image and showcase the country’s capabilities globally.

Shri Goyal further noted that India is expanding its trade engagement with multiple regions of the world. He said that India already has agreements or ongoing negotiations with major economies and regions including the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, as well as with the four European Free Trade Association countries — Switzerland, Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland. Agreements have also been concluded with United Arab Emirates and Oman in the Gulf region, while all six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council have expressed interest in entering into agreements with India. He added that discussions with Canada are progressing rapidly, while talks are also advancing with Mercosur countries in Latin America and with the Eurasian Economic Union.

Shri Goyal said that the growing global interest in strengthening trade relations with India reflects the recognition of India’s economic potential. He noted that the Indian economy, currently valued at around four trillion dollars, could grow to nearly thirty trillion dollars in the next two to two-and-a-half decades, presenting a historic opportunity for global economic engagement.

The Minister emphasised the need to connect the healthcare sector more strongly with exports. He said that India should focus on training skilled professionals such as caregivers and nurses, for whom there is significant demand both in India and internationally. By strengthening skill development, India can build a workforce that supports exports, increases remittances and facilitates the global presence of Indian products and services.

Shri Goyal also highlighted the importance of digital health and emerging technologies, noting that Artificial Intelligence and digital health integration are receiving increasing global attention. He said that Artificial Intelligence should not be viewed with apprehension but should instead be adopted as an enabling technology. India, he noted, possesses the talent to develop advanced applied technologies and AI-driven solutions. These technologies can be used to promote telemedicine and improve diagnostics, helping to deliver better healthcare services to India’s population of 1.4 billion people.

He further emphasised the need to develop a comprehensive and holistic integrated healthcare ecosystem. According to the Minister, progress will be limited if different stakeholders operate in isolation. Instead, coordinated efforts among government, industry, healthcare institutions and innovators will ensure greater benefits for the country.

Shri Goyal also underscored the growing global interest in traditional medicine. He said that systems such as Ayurveda and Yoga are increasingly being recognised worldwide. He stressed the need to expand research, standardise these systems internationally and promote them globally through collaborations with other countries.

The Minister said that a healthy India will form the foundation of a developed India. He expressed confidence that collective efforts in these areas will help India emerge as a global leader and realise the vision of becoming a Viksit Bharat.

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