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March 25, 2026
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Form 9 receipt for approved scientific research payments supports deduction claims and compliance tracking.
Form 9 is the prescribed receipt for payments received towards an approved scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is issued to the sponsor by the executing institution, records the payment against the approved programme in FORM 8, and supports the sponsor's deduction claim subject to compliance with the Act and Rules. The form is programme-specific, may be issued for each payment or tranche including advance payments, and captures the sponsor details, payment particulars, approved cost, approved tax years, and cumulative receipts. It is not filed with the tax department but retained as supporting evidence.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval under tax law requires Form 8, with defined scope, cost, compliance and monitoring conditions.
Form 8 is the statutory approval order for a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and Rule 30. It is issued after examination of a sponsor's Form 7 application, records the approved scope, duration, cost, tax years and conditions of the programme, and is signed by the designated authority. The approval is programme-specific, cost-specific and time-bound, while post-approval compliance includes separate books, audit, reporting, asset restrictions and final completion reporting.
March 25, 2026
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Energy Star ratings shape window air conditioner pricing by raising upfront cost while lowering electricity bills and maintenance.
Energy Star ratings for window air conditioners reflect Bureau of Energy Efficiency standards and indicate how much cooling an AC delivers per unit of electricity consumed. Higher-rated units generally cost more upfront because they use advanced components, smarter controls, and more efficient motors and compressors, but they can lower electricity bills, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. Choosing the right star rating depends on usage patterns, room size, budget, and local electricity tariffs, with energy efficiency affecting both purchase price and long-term ownership cost.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.
March 25, 2026
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Prior approval for scientific research deduction requires FORM 7 before commencement, with strict programme-specific compliance conditions.
A sponsor seeking deduction for expenditure on a scientific research programme must furnish FORM 7 as the prescribed application for prior approval before commencement. Separate applications are required for each programme, and the form calls for details of the sponsor, the proposed research programme, its duration and estimated cost, and the executing institution. Approval may be granted only for eligible programmes carried out through specified institutions, while market research, sales promotion, routine quality control, commercial production, and routine data collection are excluded.
March 25, 2026
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Rupee weakness amid foreign fund outflows, lower crude prices and expectations of RBI dollar support.
The rupee weakened in early trade against the US dollar amid sustained foreign fund outflows and market uncertainty linked to the West Asia crisis. The decline was partly cushioned by lower global crude oil prices, a weaker dollar and a firm opening in domestic equity markets. Market participants also expected RBI intervention through dollar sales, while exporters were hedging and importers buying on dips.
March 25, 2026
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Audit report compliance for deduction claims under income-tax law requires Form 6, UDIN, and electronic verification.
Form 6 is the prescribed income-tax audit report for an assessee claiming deduction under Section 44 or Section 51 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, and must be certified by an accountant. It is to be filed electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal, verified by Digital Signature Certificate, and furnished one month before the due date for the return of income for the relevant Tax Year. The form requires audit confirmation, supporting records, UDIN generation, and assessee verification for claims under both deduction provisions.
March 25, 2026
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Audit-certified deduction reporting requires electronic Form 6 filing, accountant certification, UDIN, and digital verification for qualifying expenditure claims.
Form 6 is the prescribed audit report for an eligible assessee claiming deductions under section 44 for preliminary or project-related expenditure or under section 51 for mineral prospecting and development expenditure. It must be certified by an accountant and furnished electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal. The form is filed once in the first tax year in which the deduction is claimed, at least one month before the due date for furnishing the return of income, with UDIN generation and digital verification required.
March 25, 2026
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Money laundering bail refusal highlights serious economic offences, sufficient PMLA material, and unresolved double mortgage allegations.
Bail was refused in a money laundering prosecution under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act where the court found sufficient material linking the accused to the offence and treated the recorded PMLA statements as forming a formidable case. The court observed that economic offences pose a serious threat to the financial health of the country and that the gravity, seriousness and magnitude of the alleged conduct, along with the accused's major role, weighed against release on bail. Partial repayment did not discharge criminal liability, and the absence of an explanation for the alleged double mortgage remained relevant at the bail stage.
March 24, 2026
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Money laundering bail disputes hinge on fraudulent credit facilities, double mortgaging, and the gravity of economic offences.
Bail in a money laundering prosecution was opposed on the basis that the accused was linked to allegedly fraudulent borrowing and diversion of bank credit facilities, including mortgage and alleged double sale of secured properties. The prosecution relied on statements under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act and other material to contend that sufficient evidence connected the accused to the offence and that the matter involved a serious economic offence affecting the financial system.
March 24, 2026
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Scheduled Caste status and religious conversion: membership ends immediately on conversion to a non-specified faith.
A person belonging to a Scheduled Caste loses that status on conversion to a religion other than Hinduism, Sikhism or Buddhism, and the loss is immediate and complete from the moment of conversion. The bar in the Scheduled Castes Order, 1950 is categorical, so a person who professes and practices a non-specified religion cannot claim Scheduled Caste membership for statutory benefits, protections, reservations or other entitlements flowing from that status.
March 24, 2026
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Green budget drives welfare schemes, electric mobility, disaster readiness and sectoral infrastructure spending across Delhi.
Delhi's FY27 budget sets out a broad fiscal and welfare programme with major allocations for environmental protection, education, health, transport, urban development, social welfare and water supply. It introduces measures such as free diagnostic tests for newborn babies, bicycles for girl students, free LPG cylinders for ration card-holding families on Holi and Diwali, the Mahila Samriddhi Yojna, electric auto-rickshaw permits for women and transgender persons, and expanded Ayushman Bharat Health coverage. It also provides for electric buses, a semiconductor policy, disaster management infrastructure, firefighting upgrades and water and sewage projects.
March 24, 2026
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Preliminary expense disclosure in Form 5 requires electronic filing, detailed reporting, and strict compliance for income-tax deduction claims.
Form 5 is a mandatory electronic statement for an assessee claiming deduction for preliminary expenses under the Income-tax Act, 2025, to be furnished in accordance with Rule 27 and one month prior to the due date for filing the return of income. It requires disclosure of assessee particulars and transaction-level details of qualifying preliminary expenses, including feasibility reports, project reports, market or business surveys, and engineering services, with related PAN, TDS, and payment particulars.
March 24, 2026
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Preliminary expenses deduction reporting requires electronic Form 5, with item-wise disclosure, verification, and timely portal filing.
Electronic Form 5 is the prescribed statement for reporting preliminary expenses claimed as a deduction under Section 44 of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It applies to eligible expenditure connected with setting up or extension of a business, including feasibility reports, project reports, market or business surveys, and engineering services related to business, and must be filed for each tax year through the income-tax portal using digital signature or electronic verification. The form requires disclosure of assessee particulars, item-wise expense details, service-provider information, payment particulars, and TDS data where applicable.
March 24, 2026
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Functional cooperatives survey training set to standardise nationwide data collection and measure economic contribution.
Preparatory training was organised for the Rapid Survey of Functional Cooperatives before six months of field work beginning in April 2026. The workshop brought together senior officers and field functionaries who will serve as Master Trainers for subsequent regional training, with the aim of standardising nationwide survey operations. The survey will assess the contribution of functional cooperatives to employment generation and economic activity across rural and urban areas, and will estimate indicators such as Gross Value Added, Gross Value of Output and employment generated by cooperatives.
March 24, 2026
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Unincorporated sector survey shows stronger employment, higher value added, rising wages and wider internet adoption across establishments.
Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2025 covers unincorporated non-agricultural establishments in manufacturing, trade and other services, and collects data on workers, Gross Value Added, emoluments, fixed assets, loans, ownership, registration status and use of information and communication technology for policymaking and national accounts. The survey reports growth in establishments, employment, Gross Value Added, labour productivity, female-owned proprietary establishments, emolument per hired worker and internet use, and notes a revised sampling design enabling quarterly selection and district-level annual estimates.
March 24, 2026
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District-led export promotion expands through local committees, action plans, and market access support for MSMEs and farmers.
District-led export promotion under the Districts as Export Hubs initiative is implemented through State Export Promotion Committees and District Export Promotion Committees across all States and Union Territories. District Export Action Plans identify export potential in local products and sectors, while outreach events, public data portals, and district-level committees are used to build awareness, address bottlenecks, and support exporters, manufacturers, MSMEs, farmers, and small-scale industries.
March 24, 2026
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Export policy and trade facilitation framework strengthens competitiveness, digital governance, and market access across India's export ecosystem.
India's export framework is being strengthened through policy support, financial incentives, digital trade facilitation, infrastructure development, and trade agreements to expand competitiveness and global market access. The Foreign Trade Policy 2023, RoDTEP, the Export Promotion Mission, export credit support, and export-linked infrastructure are described as core instruments for improving trade finance, logistics, market readiness, and MSME competitiveness. Digital governance tools and trade agreements are said to support faster compliance, transparency, market access, and investment flows.
March 24, 2026
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Startup ecosystem collaboration advances industry-linked innovation support for HVAC, manufacturing, testing, and pilot deployment opportunities.
Industry-linked innovation support is being advanced through a Memorandum of Understanding to strengthen the manufacturing and startup ecosystem. The collaboration is directed at product startups working in HVAC technologies, digital solutions, advanced manufacturing processes, and supply chain innovation, with the aim of enabling scalable, industry-relevant solutions through structured engagement. Startups will receive mentorship, testing facilities, R&D infrastructure, pilot opportunities, market linkages, and structured Proof-of-Concept programmes.

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Corp. Laws / SEBI / IBC

Cong cites OCCRP report to allege use of benami funds to amass large stakes in Adani Group

February 18, 2026

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New Delhi, Feb 18 (PTI) The Congress on Wednesday cited an Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project report to allege the use of benami funds to amass large stakes in the Adani Group by two of its close associates, and claimed that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has “stonewalled” the party's demand for a JPC to investigate all aspects of the “scam” involving the conglomerate.

The Adani Group has repeatedly denied all allegations that have been made by the Congress in the past. While there was no immediate reaction from the Adani Group on the latest allegations by the OCCRP, reportedly funded by the likes of George Soros and Rockefeller Brothers Fund, it has previously rejected charges made in OCCRP reports. Congress general secretary in-charge communications Jairam Ramesh said there is a difference between genuine entrepreneurship which the Congress welcomes, supports and celebrates, and business expansion through cozy and mutually lucrative political relationships.

"New revelations have just emerged regarding the use of benami funds to amass large stakes in the Adani Group by close Adani associates Chang Chung-Ling and Nasser Ali Shaban Ahli," Ramesh said on X.

The Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) has found evidence, including admissions by Chang and Ahli to a Swiss bank, that the two held far larger stakes in Adani companies than previously believed, including about USD 3 billion in Adani stock through various hedge funds until as recently as 2023, Ramesh said.

Meanwhile, there has been no visible progress by SEBI in its pending investigation of 22 of 24 matters relating securities transactions of the Adani business conglomerate, including allegations of insider trading in Adani Group companies; violations of rules relating to minimum public shareholding; the 13 "suspicious transactions" that SEBI told the Supreme Court on 25 August 2023 it was investigating; and the laundering of RS 20,000 crore by shell companies into the Adani Group, he said.

An investigation that on March 2, 2023 the Supreme Court had directed be completed within two months has now conveniently gone on for nearly three years without closure, Ramesh pointed out.

At the November 2014 G20 Summit at Brisbane, Prime Minister Modi had called for global cooperation "to eliminate safe havens for economic offenders", to "track down and unconditionally extradite money launderers," and to "break down the web of complex international regulations and excessive banking secrecy that hide the corrupt and their deeds", he recalled.

"Yet the sheer hypocrisy of his words has been proven repeatedly by his brazen protection of the Adani Group. The Adani MegaScam, however, extends far beyond the scope of SEBI's investigations," Ramesh claimed.

As the Congress has argued in its 'Hum Adani ke Hain Kaun (HAHK)' series of questions to the prime minister in Jan-March 2023, it also encompasses the misuse of agencies such as the ED, CBI, and the Income Tax Department to pressure firms into divesting assets in critical infrastructure sectors, to the benefit of the prime minister's most favoured business group, he alleged.

Ramesh further said that it also encompasses based privatisation that enabled the creation of Adani monopolies in critical sectors such as airports and ports and that will soon extend to other areas like cement, power and defence equipment as well.

He said the "scam" also encompasses the misuse of diplomatic resources to funnel contracts to Adani in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and elsewhere.

It also includes the import of over-invoiced coal and siphoning out of Rs 12,000 crore from India between 2021 and 2023 through trading firms linked to Chang and Ahli, which contributed to sharp increases in electricity prices in Gujarat from Adani power stations, Ramesh said.

It also encompasses a RS 2,000 crore (USD 250 million) bribery scheme allegedly involving Gautam Adani and seven associates to secure high-priced solar power contracts in India, Ramesh said, adding that this is now under investigation by US authorities.

The Congress has been consistently demanding a JPC to investigate all these aspects of the "Modani Mega Scam", Ramesh said, adding that "naturally the PM has stonewalled".

"Not only that but the Adani Group continues to keep spreading its tentacles into one business after another with the PM's full backing demonstrating that its real core competence is the PM's patronage," he said.

There is a difference between genuine entrepreneurship which the INC welcomes, supports and celebrates, and business expansion through cozy and mutually lucrative political relationships, Ramesh said. PTI ASK SKC DV DV DV

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