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    RBI invites public comments on the draft Directions on ‘Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) Framework’
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August 7, 2026
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Credit valuation adjustment framework revises derivative capital requirements through flexible basic approaches, hedge recognition, and risk-sensitive counterparty treatment.
Credit Valuation Adjustment framework revisions align CVA capital treatment with final Basel III standards. Eligible banks may use the full or reduced basic approach, while banks with an insignificant volume of non-centrally cleared derivatives may calculate their CVA capital charge at 100 per cent of the counterparty credit risk capital charge. The draft also clarifies CVA hedge recognition, introduces risk weights sensitive to sector and credit quality, and separates systematic and idiosyncratic CVA risk in the full basic approach.
August 7, 2026
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Leverage ratio framework amendments propose Basel-aligned capital adequacy standards, with public feedback invited on the draft directions.
Proposed amendments to the leverage ratio framework would revise Chapter VII of the 2025 Commercial Banks Prudential Norms on Capital Adequacy Directions to implement the Basel Committee's Leverage Ratio 2017 Standard. Public comments and feedback on the draft Eleventh Amendment Directions, 2026, are invited until August 28, 2026, through the designated online platform, postal submission, or email.
August 7, 2026
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BHAVYA Scheme project selection uses challenge-based evaluation of infrastructure, industrial ecosystems, and policy enablers under prescribed eligibility criteria.
BHAVYA Scheme Phase-I proposals submitted by State and Union Territory governments will be evaluated and scored under prescribed eligibility and evaluation criteria. Challenge-based project selection considers connectivity and site suitability, quality of core, value-added and social infrastructure in the detailed project report, and the industrial ecosystem and policy enablers. The Scheme guidelines provide for completion of the first-phase selection process within one year from notification.
August 7, 2026
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Multilateral trade cooperation preserves developing economies' policy space while advancing MSME finance, diversified value chains and digital services.
BRICS ministers adopted measures supporting a development-centred multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, preservation of Special and Differential Treatment, binding two-tier dispute settlement, and developing economies' policy space for food security and public stockholding. MSME measures include study of an invoice discounting mechanism and credit-assessment principles focused on cash flow rather than collateral. Value-chain measures provide for a GVC Action Plan, technical cooperation, Special Economic Zone cooperation and digitised trade documents, alongside principles for trusted cross-border digitally delivered services.
August 7, 2026
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Digital public procurement promotes transparent sourcing, reduced seller charges, competition monitoring and evidence-based spending oversight through an integrated marketplace.
Government e-Marketplace digitises public procurement through a unified platform promoting transparency, efficiency, good governance and wider supplier participation. Seller-facing measures include reduced transaction charges, exemption of smaller orders, a cap on maximum transaction fees and reduced vendor assessment fees. The platform uses Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning tools to identify suspected cartelisation, collusion and order splitting, while its digital transactional trail supports expenditure monitoring, identification of inefficiencies and evidence-based policy interventions.
August 7, 2026
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Criminal justice, extremist-material regulation and administrative schemes feature in reports on prosecutions, demolition practices, loan waivers and fuel policy.
Criminal justice reports cover bail and an expedited trial in an assault prosecution, arrest for allegedly sheltering an accused, allegations of rape and murder of a minor, and claimed irregularities in a police recruitment examination. Regulatory developments include a ban on extremist literature associated with proscribed organisations and judicial disapproval of coercive demolition. Administrative coverage includes farmer loan-waiver transfers following Aadhaar authentication and debate over the E20 fuel-blending programme.
August 7, 2026
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Foreign exchange reserves rose as foreign currency assets, gold holdings, Special Drawing Rights and IMF reserve position increased.
India's foreign exchange reserves increased during the week ended July 31, principally because of higher foreign currency assets and gold reserves. Foreign currency assets include US dollar valuation effects arising from movements in currencies such as the euro, pound and yen. Special Drawing Rights and India's reserve position with the International Monetary Fund also increased. The movement followed measures to attract foreign exchange inflows, including an FCNR(B) measure, after earlier reserve declines associated with rupee pressure and dollar sales for foreign exchange market intervention.
August 7, 2026
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Farm loan waiver eligibility depends on verified beneficiary status and Aadhaar authentication for direct credit of eligible crop-loan relief.
The farm loan waiver scheme covers eligible short-term crop loans within the prescribed ceiling and eligibility period. Waiver amounts are credited to verified bank accounts after field verification and completion of Aadhaar authentication. Aadhaar authentication is the operative condition for automatic processing of benefits, while eligibility rules and technical conditions have raised concerns about exclusion of distressed farmers.
August 7, 2026
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Corporate agency distribution expands access to life insurance products, supporting insurance awareness, financial inclusion and long-term household financial protection.
A corporate agency arrangement enables J&K Bank to distribute SBI Life Insurance protection, savings, retirement and child-oriented life insurance plans through its branch network. The partnership aims to improve insurance access, awareness, financial literacy and long-term financial planning for households, particularly in Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. It is intended to expand insurance penetration, strengthen household financial protection and support financial inclusion in line with the IRDAI vision of "Insurance for All by 2047".
August 7, 2026
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Cross-border smuggling controls target narcotics, poppy seeds and areca nuts entering through the Indo-Myanmar border region.
Cross-border smuggling enforcement targeted methamphetamine, foreign-origin poppy seeds and areca nuts allegedly brought from Myanmar. Methamphetamine concealed in an ambulance was seized under the NDPS Act, 1985. Poppy seeds and areca nuts recovered in separate operations were seized under the Customs Act, 1962. Poppy-seed imports are restricted to designated countries and require registration to ensure traceability and prevent illicit produce entering legitimate supply chains. The enforcement action addresses circumvention of customs controls and regulated import requirements.
August 7, 2026
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Direct benefit transfer for welfare pensions replaces cooperative-bank doorstep delivery, while retaining limited home service for excluded beneficiaries.
Direct Benefit Transfer for social security and welfare pensions is to be made through Aadhaar-linked bank accounts, replacing cooperative-bank doorstep delivery. Home delivery remains available for bedridden persons and others who cannot be excluded. The change is associated with delays in remitting undistributed amounts, record-update failures, reconciliation issues, duplicate payments, and incomplete Aadhaar-based payment implementation. Concerns have been raised that mandatory bank-account credit may disadvantage beneficiaries dependent on doorstep delivery.
August 7, 2026
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Direct Benefit Transfer for welfare pensions replaces doorstep cooperative-bank delivery, while home delivery remains for bedridden beneficiaries.
Direct Benefit Transfer of social security and welfare pensions is to be made mandatory through Aadhaar-linked bank accounts, replacing cooperative-bank doorstep distribution. Home delivery continues for completely bedridden beneficiaries and others who cannot be excluded. The change addresses delays in remitting undistributed amounts, record-update and reconciliation deficiencies, duplicate payments linked to incomplete Aadhaar-based payments, delivery incentive costs, and the need to comply with Direct Benefit Transfer norms to avoid loss of central financial assistance.
August 7, 2026
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Customs trade data show moderating July growth while high-technology exports, vehicles and advanced manufacturing supplies remain strongly supported.
Customs and trade data showed that China's July export and import growth moderated and its trade surplus narrowed from the preceding month. Typhoon-related port disruptions affected trade flows, but demand for electronics and green technology products supported elevated values. High-technology items, vehicles, electronics and machinery recorded strong January-July export growth, while trade performance varied among the United States, the European Union and Southeast Asia.
August 7, 2026
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BRICS industrial cooperation advances MSME, photovoltaic, startup and logistics frameworks alongside resilient trade and digital services collaboration.
BRICS industrial cooperation under PartNIR was strengthened through a Joint Declaration and institutional measures addressing MSMEs, photovoltaics, startup-led innovation, and resilient transport and logistics. The measures include an SME cooperation framework, Terms of Reference and an Action Plan for photovoltaic industry cooperation, and a startup innovation action plan. Trade discussions focused on the multilateral trading system, MSME participation in international trade, resilient global value chains, and cross-border digitally delivered services within a rules-based trading framework.
August 7, 2026
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Certified organic export promotion: BIOFACH INDIA facilitates buyer-seller engagement, certification awareness, traceability discussions and international market access.
BIOFACH INDIA 2026 promotes certified organic exports by providing a platform for Indian organic enterprises to showcase diverse certified products and engage with overseas buyers through structured Buyer-Seller Meets. Technical sessions address organic certification, traceability, sustainability, quality standards, international regulatory requirements and export-market expectations. The initiative supports quality assurance, international market access, export linkages and sustainable agricultural practices across the organic value chain.
August 6, 2026
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Device-based loan recovery restrictions protect essential mobile functions while permitting gradual locking only for lender-financed devices.
Technology-based recovery mechanisms cannot restrict or disable a borrower's mobile device unless the bank financed acquisition of that device. Where permitted, banks must adopt a gradual approach and preserve essential functions, including incoming calls, SMS access, and emergency SOS features. Regulated entities and service providers must obtain manufacturer or operating-system certification for device-locking technology. Disclosure of borrower or guarantor information to recovery personnel must be limited to what is necessary for loan-recovery duties.
August 6, 2026
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Bilateral trade agreement negotiations should secure tariff certainty, protect key exports, strengthen supply chains, and support vulnerable small industries.
An early Bilateral Trade Agreement is proposed to protect Indian interests, secure tariff exemptions for key exports, reduce barriers affecting industrial products, and create predictable trade conditions. Recommended measures include financial and export-credit support for small industries, real-time monitoring of customs requirements, documentation assistance, and timely policy support against tariff and non-tariff barriers. Export strategy should develop knowledge services and critical supply-chain integration, while a National Fund should assist suppliers with redesign, tooling, certification and entry into new global supply chains.
August 6, 2026
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Ethanol imports for fuel blending remain excluded from trade commitments, with domestic producers continuing to supply the blending programme.
Ethanol imports for fuel blending remain outside concessions or commitments in India-US trade discussions. Under the Ethanol Blended with Petrol Programme, ethanol procurement is governed solely by domestic policy requirements and is sourced entirely from domestic producers. Claims of existing or intended large-scale ethanol imports from the United States for fuel blending, or of a policy change permitting them, are stated to be baseless.
August 6, 2026
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Domestic ethanol sourcing for fuel blending continues unchanged, with no import commitments or concessions involving United States ethanol.
Ethanol used for fuel blending under the Ethanol Blended with Petrol Programme is sourced entirely from domestic producers, with no imports from the United States for that purpose. No concessions or commitments on importing United States ethanol for fuel blending have been made in trade discussions. Fuel blending and ethanol procurement continue to be governed solely by domestic policy requirements, and claims of a policy change allowing large-scale imports are incorrect.
August 6, 2026
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Patent and trade marks agent qualification examinations require written-paper minimums, aggregate passing scores, and viva voce assessment for registration.
Patent and trade marks agent examinations comprise an objective Paper I, a descriptive Paper II and a viva voce assessing suitability to practise before the Intellectual Property Office. Candidates must secure the stipulated minimum marks in each written paper and the required aggregate score to pass. Registration in the relevant Register of Patent Agents or Register of Trade Marks Agents is available only to candidates who satisfy all prescribed eligibility conditions and qualify the examination.

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PMLA / Black Money

Former Malaysian leader Najib Razak sentenced to 15 years, hefty fine in 1MDB corruption trial

December 26, 2025

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Putrajaya (Malaysia), Dec 26 (AP) Imprisoned former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak was sentenced to 15 years and a hefty 13.5 billion ringgit (USD 2.8 billion) in fines after being convicted Friday in his biggest corruption trial tied to the multibillion-dollar looting of the 1MDB state investment fund.

The nation's High Court found Najib, 72, guilty on four counts of abuse of power and 21 charges of money laundering related to more than USD 700 million channelled into his personal bank accounts from the 1MDB fund.

Justice Collin Lawrence Sequerah sentenced Najib to 15 years in prison for each charge of abuse of power, and five years for each of the money laundering charges.

The sentences are to run concurrently which means he will face another 15 years in prison. The new sentence will run after his current term for an earlier 1MDB case ends, the judge said.

He also imposed a fine of 13.5 million ringgit. If Najib fails to pay, he faces another 10 years in prison.

Najib's lawyer said they plan to appeal the verdict. Dressed in blue suit, Najib stood up and was calm when the sentencing was announced, slumping later back in his chair in the dock.

Najib denied wrongdoing ----------------------------- The ruling marked a major milestone in one of the world's largest financial scandals, which rippled across global markets and triggered investigations in the United States and other nations.

Najib denied any wrongdoing and maintained the funds were a political donation from Saudi Arabia and that he had been misled by rogue financiers led by Low Taek Jho. Low, thought to be the scandal's mastermind, remains at large.

Sequerah said Najib's claim of a Saudi donation was “incapable of belief." Four letters purportedly from the Saudi donor were forged and evidence clearly showed the funds originated from 1MDB, he said.

He rejected defence arguments that Najib was an unwitting victim, duped by former 1MDB officials and Low. Witness testimonies had pointed to an “unmistakable bond” between Najib and Low, who had played a pivotal role in the scandal and operated as “the proxy, the conduit, the intermediary and the facilitator” for Najib in 1MDB, the judge said.

The judge noted that Najib failed to take steps to verify the origin of the massive funds nor took action against Low. Instead, Najib used the money despite its suspicious origins and took steps to protect his position, including by removing the then-attorney general and anti-corruption chief investigating the case, he said.

While Najib returned most of the funds to an offshore account where they came from, he said this was clearly staged to conceal the illicit origin of the funds.

“The accused was no country bumpkin,” said Sequerah, who took five hours to read the ruling. “Any attempt to paint the accused as an ignoramus who was hopelessly unaware of the misdeeds going around him must therefore, fail miserably.” Najib, who served as prime minister from 2009 to 2018, currently is serving a prison sentence after being convicted in an earlier case linked to the 1MDB scandal, which led to his government's defeat in 2018.

He was sentenced to 12 years in prison in 2020 for abuse of power, criminal breach of trust and money laundering involving 42 million ringgit (USD 10.3 million) channelled into his accounts from SRC International, a former unit of 1MDB.

He began his sentence in August 2022 after losing a final appeal, becoming Malaysia's first former leader to be imprisoned. The Pardons Board, a body that advises rulers on granting clemency, halved his sentence and sharply reduced his fine in 2024.

Billions looted from 1MDB ----------------------------- Najib set up the 1MDB development fund shortly after taking office in 2009. He chaired 1MDB's advisory board and held veto power as finance minister while serving as prime minister.

Between 2009 and 2014, top executives and associates of Najib looted over USD 4.5 billion from the fund, laundering it through countries including the US, Singapore and Switzerland, according to the US Justice Department.

Authorities alleged the funds were used to finance Hollywood films and extravagant purchases including hotels, a luxury yacht, art and jewellery. Jeff Sessions, the US attorney general at the time, called it “kleptocracy at its worst.” The scandal also hit Wall Street, with Goldman Sachs facing billions in fines for its role in raising money for 1MDB.

The scion of a prominent political family, Najib was long seen as untouchable until public anger over 1MDB led to the 2018 election defeat of his ruling party, which had governed Malaysia since the country gained independence from Britain in 1957.

Earlier this week, Najib failed in his bid to serve his graft sentence under house arrest. Malaysia's High Court ruled Monday that a rare royal order for home arrest issued by the nation's former king was invalid because it was not made in accordance with constitutional requirements. Najib's lawyer has said they plan to appeal.

Originally due for release in August 2028 after his sentence reduction, Najib now faces a longer stretch behind bars.

Najib's wife, Rosmah Mansor, also was sentenced to 10 years in prison and a massive fine in 2022 in a separate graft case. She has been released on bail pending an appeal. (AP) GRS GRS

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