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    Punjab govt committed to paying all valid dues; legal options being examined: FM Cheema
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    Rupee gains 9 paise against US dollar
    India, US working towards interim trade agreement: MEA
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    August 4, 2026
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    Dearness allowance arrears must be cleared promptly, while the government examines legal remedies and continues its structured liquidation plan.
    Pending dearness allowance arrears of government employees and pensioners are to be cleared within a fortnight, with restraint on unproductive expenditure until admissible dues are paid. The government states that it will pay constitutionally and legally valid dues while examining the judgment, precedents and possible legal remedies. It attributes the arrears to delayed pay commission implementation and frozen dearness allowance, and states that a structured liquidation plan has been prepared and partly implemented.
    August 4, 2026
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    Money-laundering investigation examines alleged fraudulent industrial plot allotments, benami holdings and diversion of plots to residential use.
    A money-laundering investigation under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act examines alleged irregularities in industrial-plot allotments involving corporation officials, private persons, property dealers and alleged benamidars. The inquiry concerns alleged use of fictitious firms and false addresses to obtain plots, allotments to relatives and associates, and alleged diversion or change of land use from industrial to residential purposes. These activities are alleged to have generated private gains while causing loss to the public exchequer.
    August 4, 2026
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    Rupee exchange-rate movement gains support from capital inflows, while oil prices, dollar strength and monetary policy shape sentiment.
    Rupee exchange-rate movement was supported by foreign capital inflows and improved global risk sentiment, while elevated crude-oil prices and a stronger US dollar constrained gains. Market attention shifted to monetary policy, overseas dollar-deposit incentives and easier foreign access to government bonds, which were reported to support capital inflows and India's external position. A cautious approach to the benchmark repo rate was expected amid assessment of the West Asia conflict.
    August 4, 2026
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    Interim bilateral trade agreement negotiations continue as both sides work to finalise unresolved issues in the proposed arrangement.
    Interim bilateral trade agreement negotiations between India and the United States are continuing. Both sides have undertaken substantial work, while certain issues remain to be finalised before completion of the proposed interim trade arrangement. A United States Trade Representative delegation visited India to advance discussions. The text records the status of negotiations and identifies no concluded agreement or operative customs measure.
    August 4, 2026
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    Fuel-price volatility mitigation will combine fiscal measures, consumer protection, energy security and fiscal sustainability during external energy shocks.
    Fuel-price volatility is to be mitigated through fiscal and administrative measures that protect consumers while maintaining fiscal sustainability. The approach includes monitoring revenue and expenditure, reprioritising spending, and using fiscal measures when economic conditions require. Reduced central excise duty on petrol and diesel moderated the impact of elevated international crude prices and partly offset under-recoveries of public-sector oil marketing companies. Longer-term measures include revenue mobilisation, import diversification, Strategic Petroleum Reserves, cleaner fuels and energy efficiency.
    August 4, 2026
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    Tax policy certainty reforms propose easier fund management, data-centre access, electronics incentives and revised electronic-payment charging rules.
    The proposed Bill seeks to simplify conditions for foreign investment funds using fund managers in India without being treated as carrying on business in India, while retaining safeguards against misuse and round-tripping. It proposes removal of approval requirements for foreign cloud companies using Indian data centres and permits leased operation of Indian data centres. It also extends tax support for foreign companies participating in electronics contract manufacturing and component warehousing, preserves tax-free dividends for REIT and InvIT investors in specified circumstances, and removes the prohibition on Merchant Discount Rate charges for notified electronic payment modes.
    August 4, 2026
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    Responsible precious-metals recycling supports recycled-gold products, organised buyback channels and a more self-reliant domestic supply chain.
    Responsible precious-metals recycling is promoted through a commemorative recycled-gold coin intended to support domestic recycling, responsible sourcing and a self-reliant supply chain. The product is described as having certified purity authentication, tamper-proof packaging, a unique identification number and an assayer-certified minted card. The initiative seeks to reduce dependence on imported gold and expand organised, transparent recycling infrastructure. An organised silver buyback programme is also described as supporting secure consumer sales and a circular economy for precious metals.
    August 4, 2026
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    Broad-based growth strategy links tax reforms, trade resilience, industrial support and services development to medium-term economic expansion.
    The growth strategy combines agricultural productivity, manufacturing, MSME support, infrastructure, logistics, ease of doing business, streamlined income-tax and GST reforms, innovation, digitalisation, human-capital development, energy security, public capital expenditure, foreign direct investment liberalisation, export promotion, fiscal prudence and price stability. Trade resilience is to be strengthened through expanded trade agreements, while manufacturing, services, agriculture and strategic sectors receive targeted policy support. The material also reports secured-asset enforcement cases and recoveries by banks under the SARFAESI framework during FY25.
    August 4, 2026
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    Co-operative bank governance and financial disclosure support digital transformation, risk management, priority-sector lending and sustainable member-focused growth.
    Co-operative bank governance and financial disclosure were addressed at the annual general meeting, where the member-notice agenda was transacted and audited financial statements were presented. The bank reported growth in business, deposits and advances, together with net profit, asset quality, provisioning coverage and capital adequacy indicators. Its operational priorities include digital transformation, risk management, selective network expansion, customer service and operational discipline. Future priorities include retail and priority-sector lending, MSMEs, affordable housing and institutional deposits.
    August 4, 2026
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    Foreign-exchange market conditions weakened the rupee as oil prices, domestic equities and dollar strength shaped near-term currency expectations.
    The rupee weakened against the US dollar amid elevated crude oil prices, weaker domestic equities and a stronger dollar index, while foreign fund inflows moderated the decline. Attention shifted to the central bank's monetary policy meeting, with continuation of the existing benchmark policy rate anticipated. Earlier measures encouraging overseas dollar deposits and facilitating foreign participation in government bonds were reported to support capital inflows and India's external position.
    August 4, 2026
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    MSME credit expansion combines SIDBI lending initiatives with guaranteed additional working-capital facilities for eligible borrowers.
    MSME credit access is being expanded through SIDBI's branch network, direct lending, refinance support, co-lending arrangements, affordable credit for informal micro-entrepreneurs, and invoice-based digital credit for micro enterprises. Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme 5.0 enables eligible MSMEs to obtain additional credit linked to peak fund-based working-capital outstanding, with full guarantee coverage for member lending institutions against defaults on the additional facility. The scheme also covers scheduled passenger airlines under distinct eligibility and guarantee parameters.
    August 4, 2026
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    Furniture and interiors sourcing platform connects Indian manufacturers with domestic and international trade buyers through direct procurement opportunities.
    imm india 2026 is presented as a business-to-business sourcing platform linking Indian furniture, home de cor, rug, carpet, mattress and handicraft manufacturers with domestic and international trade buyers. It is intended to provide direct manufacturer access, design-led sourcing and project-scale procurement opportunities for architects, designers, retailers, hospitality professionals and real estate developers. The programme includes a hosted buyer initiative, industry conferences, knowledge sessions and awards addressing innovation, sustainability, craftsmanship and design.
    August 4, 2026
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    Financial literacy Olympiad builds students' practical understanding of mutual funds, financial planning, market concepts and responsible investment participation.
    Financial literacy and investment awareness are promoted through a nationwide, multi-level educational competition for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Participants are assessed on mutual funds, investment fundamentals, financial planning, market concepts and long-term wealth creation, with exposure to market-linked products including ETFs, portfolio management services, alternative investment funds and specialised investment funds. The initiative combines academic institutions and financial-sector participants to improve practical investment knowledge, informed decision-making and responsible participation in investment markets.
    August 4, 2026
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    WTO dispute settlement challenges test India's safeguards, agricultural support, technology tariffs and production-linked incentives across pending proceedings.
    Nine pending WTO disputes against India concern safeguard measures, sugar support and export schemes, information and communications technology tariffs, and technology-sector incentives. India contests the claims as consistent with its WTO rights and obligations. Appeals concerning iron and steel safeguards, sugar measures, and certain information and communications technology tariff reports remain pending, including because the WTO Appellate Body is non-functional. Other proceedings concern Chinese challenges to production-linked incentives, tariffs, and solar, automotive, renewable-energy and information-technology measures; one panel proceeding is ongoing and another panel has not been constituted.
    August 4, 2026
    Show AI Summary
    Digital business law and entrepreneurship education combine management, compliance and innovation training for technology-driven enterprise careers and ventures.
    The MBA programme integrates management education, entrepreneurial capability, digital business law, and legal and policy awareness for technology-driven enterprise. It addresses compliance, digital platforms, data-driven decision-making, artificial intelligence, digital transactions, intellectual property, cross-border commerce and evolving regulatory frameworks. The programme is designed for prospective founders, start-up professionals, transforming family businesses and careers in consulting, strategy, business development, policy-oriented enterprises and digital commerce, with industry-relevant entrepreneurship education and digital-first learning.
    August 4, 2026
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    Savings account access expands through video KYC, mobile banking, no-minimum-balance options, monthly interest payments and deposit insurance coverage.
    Savings accounts provide monthly interest payments, liquidity and access to funds, subject to eligibility, internal policies and applicable terms. Digital account opening through Video KYC is available for an account with no minimum balance requirement, supported by mobile banking for UPI transfers, bill payments and balance monitoring. Account variants include premium, value-oriented, agricultural, financial-inclusion, children's and basic no-frills accounts. Deposit insurance applies up to the prescribed limit per depositor per bank.
    August 4, 2026
    Show AI Summary
    Foreign-exchange market conditions supported a modest early rupee gain, while importer demand and policy data remained key factors.
    Foreign-exchange market conditions supported a marginal early appreciation of the rupee against the US dollar, led by broad US-dollar weakness, improved risk sentiment, lower oil-price levels and foreign portfolio inflows. Importer demand for dollars moderated the movement. Market direction remained linked to the forthcoming monetary-policy decision and US economic data, while reported central-bank activity was described as helping smooth currency volatility. The US dollar index, crude-oil movements, global supply expectations and domestic equity-market activity were relevant exchange-rate influences.
    August 4, 2026
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    Quality statistics drive statistical-system reform through administrative data, interoperable systems, stronger governance, and international cooperation for evidence-based policymaking.
    Quality statistics are advanced through modernised national statistical systems, administrative data, digital public infrastructure, and stronger data-governance and privacy standards. Cooperation among national statistical offices is intended to address data gaps through knowledge sharing, methodological harmonisation and statistical innovation. Discussions also emphasised digital dissemination, transformational statistical reforms, and the use of administrative data for timely, cost-effective and granular official statistics, supported by harmonised metadata, interoperable systems and institutional collaboration.
    August 4, 2026
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    Digital statistical modernisation strengthens survey quality, macroeconomic indicators, international standards alignment and infrastructure performance monitoring through standardised data systems.
    National statistical modernisation uses digital survey platforms with validation checks, AI-enabled support and multilingual interfaces, alongside short-duration surveys and administrative data to improve sampling and timely official statistics. Reforms include base revisions for Gross Domestic Product, Consumer Price Index and Index of Industrial Production; adoption of metadata, quality-assessment and classification standards; and alignment with international statistical principles and methodologies. Sustainable development indicators and infrastructure monitoring are supported through a national indicator framework, PAIMANA and a standardised performance dashboard.
    August 3, 2026
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    Windfall gains tax on petroleum exports increases to discourage exports and preserve domestic fuel availability during regional supply disruptions.
    Special additional excise duty on exports of petrol, diesel and aviation turbine fuel has been increased for the relevant fortnightly period, while existing duty rates for petrol and diesel cleared for domestic consumption remain unchanged. The windfall gains tax is intended to preserve domestic availability of petroleum products during the West Asia crisis and prevent exporters from benefiting unduly from price differences linked to elevated global crude oil prices.

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      Customs, DGFT & SEZ

      Taxes in India and Constitutional Provisions

      October 28, 2009

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      Constitution of India - Articles

       Constitution of India - Parts  

      Article.246. Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.-

      (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the "Union List").

      (2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (3), Parliament, and, subject to clause (1), the Legislature of any State also, have power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List III in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the "Concurrent List").

      (3) Subject to clauses (1) and (2), the Legislature of any State has exclusive power to make laws for such State or any part thereof with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List II in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the "State List").

      (4) Parliament has power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State notwithstanding that such matter is a matter enumerated in the State List. 

      Article.265. Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.-

      No tax shall be levied or collected except by authority of law. 

      Schedule 7 - Union List (Entries Related to Taxes and Duties)

      83. Duties of customs including export duties.

      84. Duties of excise on tobacco and other goods manufactured or produced in India except-

             (a) alcoholic liquors for human consumption.

            (b) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcotics,

            but including medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol or any substance included in sub-paragraph (b) of this entry.

      85. Corporation tax.

      86. Taxes on the capital value of the assets, exclusive of agricultural land, of individuals and companies; taxes on the capital of companies.

      87. Estate duty in respect of property other than agricultural land.

      88. Duties in respect of succession to property other than agricultural land.

      89. Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by railway, sea or air; taxes on railway fares and freights.

      90. Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges and futures markets.

      91. Rates of stamp duty in respect of bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes, bills of lading, letters of credit, policies of insurance, transfer of shares, debentures, proxies and receipts.

      92. Taxes on the sale or purchase of newspapers and on advertisements published therein.

      92A. Taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers, where such sale or purchase takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce.

      92B. Taxes on the consignment of goods (whether the consignment is to the person making it or to any other person), where such consignment takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce.

      92C. Taxes on services.

       Schedule 7 - State List (Entries Related to Taxes and Duties)

      46. Taxes on agricultural income.

      47. Duties in respect of succession to agricultural land.

      48. Estate duty in respect of agricultural land.

      49. Taxes on lands and buildings.

      50. Taxes on mineral rights subject to any limitations imposed by Parliament by law relating to mineral development.

      51. Duties of excise on the following goods manufactured or produced in the State and countervailing duties at the same or lower rates on similar goods manufactured or produced elsewhere in India:-

              (a) alcoholic liquors for human consumption;

              (b) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcotics,

             but not including medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol or any substance included in sub-paragraph (b) of this entry.

      52. Taxes on the entry of goods into a local area for consumption, use or sale therein.

      53. Taxes on the consumption or sale of electricity.

      54. Taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers, subject to the provisions of entry 92A of List I.

      55. Taxes on advertisements other than advertisements published in the newspapers and advertisements broadcast by radio or television.

      56. Taxes on goods and passengers carried by road or on inland waterways.

      57. Taxes on vehicles, whether mechanically propelled or not, suitable for use on roads, including tramcars subject to the provisions of entry 35 of List III.

      58. Taxes on animals and boats.

      59. Tolls.

      60. Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.

      61. Capitation taxes.

      62. Taxes on luxuries, including taxes on entertainments, amusements, betting and gambling 

      Article.368. Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.-

      (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may in exercise of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in this article.

       (2) An amendment of this Constitution may be initiated only by the introduction of a Bill for the purpose in either House of Parliament, and when the Bill is passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting, it, shall be presented to the President who shall give his assent to the Bill and thereupon the Constitution shall stand amended in accordance with the terms of the Bill:

      Provided that if such amendment seeks to make any change in-

      (a) article 54, article 55, article 73, article 162 or article 241, or

      (b) Chapter IV of Part V, Chapter V of Part VI, or Chapter I of Part XI, or

      (c) any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule, or

      (d) the representation of States in Parliament, or

      (e) the provisions of this article,

      the amendment shall also require to be ratified by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States by resolutions to that effect passed by those Legislatures before the Bill making provision for such amendment is presented to the President for assent.

      (3) Nothing in article 13 shall apply to any amendment made under this article.

      (4) No amendment of this Constitution (including the provisions of Part III) made or purporting to have been made under this article [whether before or after the commencement of section 55 of the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 shall be called in question in any court on any ground.

      (5) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that there shall be no limitation whatever on the constituent power of Parliament to amend by way of addition, variation or repeal the provisions of this Constitution under this article.

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