Electricity bill recovery and prepaid departmental billing are presented alongside independent tariff regulation and rooftop solar promotion.
Electricity-payment arrears were reported against government departments and non-government consumers. Tariffs are determined independently by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission on factors including power-purchase costs, regulatory assets, the distribution company's financial position and public hearings. Recovery from non-government consumers is undertaken under the Electricity Supply Code, while a pre-paid billing system is being implemented for government departments to improve payment compliance. Rooftop solar installations are also being promoted to reduce household electricity bills.

Zero-duty India-UK trade under CETA begins with jewellery and coffee consignments, supported by exporter compliance guidance.
India-UK CETA introduced a low- or zero-tariff regime covering about 99 per cent of tariff lines for Indian exports to the United Kingdom. Initial zero-duty jewellery and coffee consignments reached the UK under the agreement. CETA is intended to improve market competitiveness, strengthen supply chains and support businesses, exporters, importers and investors. A dedicated facilitation forum and a guide to UK import standards and regulatory requirements support Indian exporters, particularly small and medium enterprises, in navigating the post-CETA trading regime.

Preferential India-UK trade framework introduces broad zero-duty export access, self-certified origin documentation, and social-security contribution relief for temporary professionals.
India-United Kingdom CETA entered into force with preferential tariff treatment, including zero-duty access in the United Kingdom for nearly 99 per cent of India's exports. The Agreement covers goods, services and cooperation in customs, digital trade, financial services, telecommunications, intellectual property and professional services. The associated Agreement on Social Security exempts Indian professionals on temporary United Kingdom assignments from double social-security contributions for up to five years. Rules of Origin certification was operationalised through self-certified Certificates of Origin issued on the eCoO 2.0 platform.

Windfall tax on petroleum exports revises diesel and aviation fuel levies while reducing the petrol export levy.
Special Additional Excise Duty on petroleum-product exports was revised from 16 July 2026, increasing the levy on diesel and aviation turbine fuel exports while reducing it on petrol exports. Duty rates on petrol and diesel cleared for domestic consumption remained unchanged. The windfall tax framework seeks to support domestic fuel availability and discourage exporters from benefiting from differences between domestic and global fuel prices during elevated crude-oil prices.

Duty-free market access under the India-UK trade pact expands exports while preserving safeguards for procurement and policy space.
The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement provides duty-free access for nearly 99 per cent of Indian exports and includes reciprocal government-procurement access subject to safeguards. India retains MSME preferences, limits covered procurement to selected central entities, excludes strategic sectors, and applies minimum contract thresholds. The agreement preserves compulsory licensing and permits withdrawal of certain concessions if a future UK carbon tax adversely affects Indian exports. Its gender, SME, environment, and labour chapters contain no dispute-settlement provisions.

India-UK trade agreement expands duty-free market access and tariff reductions for exports, services, manufacturing and small enterprises.
India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is stated to provide duty-free access in the UK market for 99 per cent of Indian products and to reduce or eliminate UK import tariffs across key product categories. It is expected to support Karnataka exports in manufacturing, agricultural produce, processed food, electronics, aerospace and medical devices, with certain tariff reductions phased out over time. Mode 1 services provisions are identified as beneficial to Bengaluru's IT industry, while awareness programmes and investment roadshows are proposed to help exporters and attract investment.

Foreign investment screening cooperation advances investment flows alongside trade, technology, supply-chain resilience and prospective investment-protection commitments.
India and the European Union concluded a work programme on foreign direct investment screening, exchanging best practices to facilitate investment flows. Trade and Technology Council cooperation addresses market access, standards harmonisation, supply-chain requirements, deep-tech innovation and critical dependencies. The parties also discussed free trade agreement ratification, World Trade Organization reform, and prospective investment-protection and geographical-indications agreements. The Council provides an institutional mechanism for cooperation on trade, trusted technology and economic security.

India-UK CETA tariff elimination strengthens export prospects for labour-intensive leather, jute, jewellery and agricultural products in British markets.
India-UK CETA tariff concessions are expected to improve West Bengal's export competitiveness in the United Kingdom. Duty-free access applies to tea, mangoes and betel leaves, while import duties on jewellery have been removed. Labour-intensive leather, jute, and gems and jewellery sectors are identified as principal beneficiaries, with tariff removal also improving seafood export prospects. Further competitiveness measures are proposed to help exporters use the agreement's trade opportunities.

Zero-duty market access under CETA enables Indian jewellery exporters to enter overseas markets without import tariffs.
Zero-duty access under the India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement enables eligible Indian gem and jewellery exports to enter the United Kingdom market without UK import tariffs. The agreement is expected to improve market access and support value-added manufacturing, employment, skill development, and the participation of artisans, micro, small and medium enterprises, and exporters in West Bengal's gem and jewellery sector.

UK-India trade agreement introduces wider market access, tariff reductions and social security arrangements to support bilateral commerce.
The UK-India Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement has entered into force, providing expanded market access, tariff reduction and trade facilitation. India receives zero-duty access for nearly all exports to the UK, while UK products entering India receive duty-free or reduced-tariff treatment. The framework covers goods including textiles, leather, engineering products, food, cosmetics, alcoholic beverages and premium cars. A bilateral social security agreement has also been operationalised to support wider commercial engagement.

Semiconductor and mobile manufacturing incentives support domestic production, component sourcing, design investment, exports and resilient electronics supply chains.
Semicon 2.0 and the Mobile Phone Manufacturing Scheme provide manufacturing support to expand domestic electronics production, exports and local value addition. Semicon 2.0 covers chip design, equipment and materials, fabrication, advanced packaging and testing, research, and talent development, while supporting semiconductor intellectual property and critical-component manufacturing. The mobile-phone scheme provides production-linked incentives linked to eligible sales, with additional support for domestic component sourcing and Indian investment in product design and research. The measures seek to reduce import dependence and strengthen domestic critical-technology capabilities.

India-UK trade liberalisation expands tariff preferences, services access and skilled professional mobility while preserving protections for sensitive domestic sectors.
The India-United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement establishes preferential tariff treatment for goods and expands cooperation in services, digital trade, government procurement, investment and professional mobility. India retains protections for sensitive sectors through phased tariff reductions and quota-based access, while duties on British automobiles and alcoholic beverages are reduced in stages. The accompanying social-security convention exempts eligible Indian professionals temporarily assigned to the United Kingdom from simultaneous contributions in both jurisdictions, supporting skilled-worker mobility and reducing employment-related costs.

Domestic-demand weakness slows China's economic growth despite export support from artificial-intelligence technology and electric-vehicle demand.
China's economic growth slowed in the second quarter amid weak domestic demand, property-market weakness, subdued consumer confidence and higher energy costs. Export demand, especially for artificial-intelligence technology and electric vehicles, supported foreign trade and industrial production, but underscored reliance on overseas demand. Property investment and new-home prices continued to decline, while youth unemployment remained elevated. Further support measures focused on new infrastructure could be considered as investment growth weakens and systemic risks require management.

Mobile phone manufacturing incentives link eligible sales, domestic sourcing, design and research support to indigenous brands and expanded production.
The Mobile Phone Manufacturing Scheme establishes a five-year incentive-linked framework for manufacturing mobile phones in India. It provides differentiated incentive support on eligible sales, additional support for domestic sourcing of key components and sub-assemblies, and a further incentive for product design and research and development aimed at building Indian brands. The scheme seeks to expand domestic production and exports, promote technological sovereignty, create patents, support employment, and strengthen domestic value capture in mobile-phone manufacturing.

Domestic urea investment policy supports new natural gas-based capacity through subsidy-cost separation, assured returns, and foreign-exchange risk mitigation.
National Investment Policy 2026 establishes an investment framework to add domestic natural gas-based urea production capacity and reduce import reliance. Extending the New Investment Policy 2012, it provides for separation of fixed and variable costs for subsidy calculation, assured returns for urea plant companies, and foreign-exchange risk mitigation to support investment in new domestic urea manufacturing capacity.

India-UK free trade agreement expands zero-duty export access and reduces duties on specified United Kingdom goods.
The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement entered into force with zero-duty market access for nearly all Indian exports to the United Kingdom. It is expected to support sectors including textiles, leather, gems and jewellery, engineering goods, marine products, chemicals and processed foods. A bilateral social security agreement has also become operational. The arrangement reduces Indian import duties on specified United Kingdom goods, including Scotch whisky and premium UK-built cars.

Middle East energy export disruption risks raise oil prices and unsettle global equity markets amid renewed conflict.
Middle East energy-export disruption risks increased following renewed conflict and a threatened halt to regional oil and gas exports amid a blockade of Iranian ports. Concerns over the security of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz contributed to higher oil prices and reduced Gulf traffic flows, reflecting the potential for wider interruption of energy transportation. Global equity markets showed mixed movements as investors assessed escalating conflict, oil-supply disruption, inflation data and corporate earnings.

Apricot export facilitation enables overseas market access through exporter-managed supply chains, cold-chain transport, and proposed local processing capacity.
Apricot export facilitation for Ladakh's indigenous Raktsey Karpo and Halman varieties is being implemented through an agreement under which exporters manage harvesting, sorting, grading, packing, transportation and marketing. Administrative measures include transport monitoring, expedited transit arrangements and cold-chain support for perishable produce. A proposed apricot processing unit is intended to improve value addition, address short shelf life and support smoother exports while reducing post-harvest losses.

India-UK trade agreement expands market access, tariff reductions, services trade and professional mobility across identified commercial sectors.
The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement entered into force as a free trade arrangement intended to expand bilateral market access and promote movement of goods and services. It provides for tariff reductions and supports trade, services and professional mobility. The agreement is expected to create opportunities for businesses, entrepreneurs, farmers, manufacturers, MSMEs and skilled workers, including in textiles, leather, gems and jewellery, engineering goods, marine products, chemicals and processed foods.

Punitive tariffs for Russian oil purchases could make trade duties a geopolitical mechanism targeting India and other countries.
Proposed United States tariff legislation would impose punitive tariffs on India and other specified countries for purchasing oil from Russia. Certain European countries purchasing Russian gas would be exempted on the stated basis that their purchases are limited and that they are reducing dependence on Russia. If enacted, the measure would expressly authorise tariffs as a geopolitical mechanism directed at countries considered to be financing another nation's war effort.