Minimum Support Price reforms and digital e-KYC for PDS strengthen farmer incomes and market access nationwide.
The Economic Survey sets out a policy package to raise agricultural productivity and farmer incomes through Minimum Support Price (MSP) adjustments for selected crops, subsidised micro-irrigation with specified cost-sharing and an interest subvention Micro Irrigation Fund, allied sector interventions for livestock and fisheries including infrastructure funds and digital registries, market reforms via an e National Agriculture Market and Digital Agriculture Mission, full e KYC implementation in the Public Distribution System for beneficiary portability, production linked and formalisation incentives for food processing, and a Credit Guarantee Scheme to enable pledge financing against e NWRs.

Bank credit growth and improved asset quality bolster financial sector stability, supporting market mobilisation and inclusion.
Steady bank credit expansion, improved asset quality and rising profitability have strengthened financial sector resilience; deposits grew robustly and sectoral credit showed faster growth to MSMEs. Monetary policy remained calibrated to price stability and growth with repo rate unchanged and surplus liquidity. Capital markets, insurance and pension sectors recorded notable mobilisation and subscriber growth, while insolvency resolutions influenced bank balance sheets. The Survey stresses regulatory quality-assessing legitimacy, accountability, openness, expertise and efficiency-and calls for enhanced cybersecurity and coordination to support fintech innovation and financial inclusion.

Service sector growth drives GDP resilience and export expansion, spotlighting skilling and connectivity as policy priorities.
Service sector contribution to Gross Value Added rose from 50.6% to about 55% between FY14 and FY25, with real GVA growth averaging above six percent annually and 8.3% in FY23-FY25; services aided GDP growth amid manufacturing weakness and saw export acceleration driven by computer and business services. Financing expanded via bank credit (13% YoY growth, strong gains in software and professional services) and FDI inflows concentrated in insurance and financial services. Policy priorities emphasise skilling, regulatory simplification, connectivity improvements, and a sub-sector classification framework for targeted interventions.

Retail inflation reduction driven by lower core inflation and policy measures, supporting alignment with the inflation target next year.
Retail inflation eased chiefly due to a decline in core inflation and lower fuel-price pressures, supported by monetary-policy measures and administrative actions such as strengthened buffer stocks, open-market releases and import facilitation. Food-price volatility from vegetables, pulses, onions and tomatoes-exacerbated by extreme weather and concentrated production-remains an important inflationary source; recommended responses include climate-resilient crop research, farmer training and high-frequency price monitoring. Forecasts cited foresee a gradual alignment of consumer inflation toward the inflation objective, aided by global commodity price softness.

Infrastructure capacity expansion accelerates across transport and digital sectors, prioritising multi modal connectivity and modernisation.
Capacity addition in physical connectivity sectors continued in FY25 with sustained infrastructure investment urged for growth. Rail modernisation included expanded rolling stock, station upgrades, signalling automation, commissioning of Gati Shakti Cargo Terminals, renewable energy targets, corridor projects and PPP activity alongside Vande Bharat deployment. Ports and inland waterways saw increased capacity, shorter container turnaround, approved PPP projects, transshipment planning and waterway investments for the North East. Road policy shifted to corridor-based highway expansion and complementary logistics measures; aviation saw major capex and UDAN route operationalisation; digital connectivity advanced via 5G rollout, Digital Bharat Nidhi and cloud expansion under MeghRaj.

Private participation in infrastructure urged to expand via regulatory reforms and capacity building for project finance and delivery.
The Economic Survey stresses the need to scale up private participation in physical, digital and social infrastructure by improving private capacity to conceptualise projects and confidence in public private partnerships through enhanced expertise in risk and revenue sharing, contract management, dispute resolution and project closure; it notes regulatory reforms and de bottlenecking initiatives but limited private uptake in core sectors, and calls for coordinated action across governments, financiers and project specialists to accelerate capital expenditure and implement innovative execution and financing mechanisms.

Labour market recovery with formalisation and skilling drives employment growth and expanded social security access.
Labour market indicators improved substantially with unemployment declining to 3.2% in 2023 24, increased EPFO subscriptions and youth centred payroll additions, rising self employment and a jump in female labour force participation to 41.7%. The eShram portal has registered over 30.51 crore unorganised workers and integrated multiple welfare schemes to provide universal identification and benefit access. The Survey advocates enabling labour regulations, flexible working arrangements, and a layered skilling strategy-including apprenticeships, ITI upgrades and certification-to expand employment in digital and renewable energy sectors and to support women entrepreneurs.

MSME financing and formalisation reforms expand equity, guarantee support and digital registration to ease business and speed payments.
Policies strengthen MSMEs via cluster development, Common Facility Centres, an equity-focused Self-Reliant India Fund combining government seed capital with private funds, and a revamped Credit Guarantee Scheme to unlock additional lower-cost credit. Digital and facilitation measures include PAN-based Udyam Registration, Udyam Assist for informal enterprise formalisation, the MSME Samadhan grievance portal with recorded filing and disposition metrics, and the CHAMPIONS portal providing regional-language support. TReDS is identified as a marketplace to accelerate receivables and reduce MSME financing costs under the MSMED framework.

Infrastructure capital expenditure growth drives expansion of power, water, sanitation, housing and urban transport, urging enhanced public private participation.
The Union Government's capital expenditure on key infrastructure sectors rose significantly from 2019-20 to 2023-24, with spending momentum strengthening in mid-2024; this supported expansion across power (including renewable additions and improved supply reliability), rural water access under the Jal Jeevan Mission, sanitation progress to ODF Plus, urban housing and transport projects, and city development missions, while the Survey stresses the need for enhanced private participation and improved project management capacities to sustain delivery.

Business reforms urged to enable state-level industrial strategies and ease firm entry, promoting convergence in incomes.
The Survey finds marked interstate variation in industrialisation and sectoral concentration-construction and mining show distinct geographic patterns-and recommends business reforms and bespoke state industrial strategies. It identifies the regulatory environment and infrastructure development as key determinants of industrial growth and urges states to ease business commencement and expansion to promote income convergence and stronger sectoral performance.

Industrial growth forecast driven by manufacturing expansion and policy support for smart manufacturing and IP reforms.
Industrial growth is forecast to strengthen, led by electricity, construction and consumer-focused manufacturing such as automobiles, electronics, and pharmaceuticals. Sectoral measures include infrastructure-driven demand for cement and steel, Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 support via SAMARTH Udyog centres, and targeted incentives including PLI extensions for autos. Electronics and pharmaceuticals show rapid domestic expansion; medical devices are fast-growing. Reforms enhancing R&D and IP-including changes following the National IPR Policy and the Patent (Amendment) Rules 2024-are presented as reducing compliance and streamlining patent processes to support industrial scaling.

Augmented intelligence: integrate human labour and AI through institutional upskilling and responsible deployment to limit displacement.
Policy prioritises Augmented Intelligence to integrate human labour and AI while guarding against automation-driven displacement by building Social Infrastructure of enabling, insuring, and stewarding institutions and forming a Tripartite Compact between government, industry, and academia to mobilise resources, upskill the workforce, and ensure AI is practical, reliable and scalable.

Trade resilience: India advances export strategy through FTAs, logistics reforms and a DGFT single window platform to boost services and FDI.
India's exports rose by six percent in the first nine months of FY2024 25 despite global headwinds and growing Non Tariff Measures. The Survey recommends leveraging Free Trade Agreements, export diversification, logistics upgrades and the DGFT's Trade Connect e Platform to support exporters, particularly MSMEs. Gross FDI inflows increased in early FY25 though repatriations rose; foreign exchange reserves provide a strong buffer while external debt ratios remain stable, prompting emphasis on attracting foreign savings and improving investment efficiency.

Geo-economic fragmentation reduces global integration, prompting trade restrictions and calls for domestic economic revitalisation policy
Geo-economic fragmentation is supplanting prior globalisation patterns through a surge in trade- and investment-restrictive measures, concentrating FDI among geopolitically aligned countries and strategic sectors, reducing knowledge diffusion and slowing global trade growth; the recommended response is to reinforce domestic growth engines by enhancing economic freedom and systematic deregulation to reduce vulnerability from fragmented supply chains and concentrated manufacturing capacities.

Deregulation for MSMEs urged to cut compliance burdens and advance state-led EoDB reforms with risk-based regulation.
The Economic Survey 2024-25 urges systematic deregulation to ease compliance burdens on MSMEs, arguing that excessive regulation limits formalisation, productivity, employment and innovation. It proposes a three-step state-led review process-identify regulations for reform, benchmark with other jurisdictions, and estimate firm-level regulatory costs-and advocates a state-driven EoDB 2.0 emphasizing liberalisation of standards, legal safeguards for enforcement, fee reduction, risk-based regulation, and continued digitisation to promote industrialisation and MSME competitiveness.

Deregulation stimulus to simplify risk-based rules, presuming innocence to spur investment and innovation.
The Preface prioritises a deregulation stimulus to simplify regulations through risk-based approaches and a presumption of innocence, aiming to attract and facilitate domestic and foreign strategic investments, strengthen supply-chain resilience, and rebuild trust-based societal mechanisms that foster innovation and competitiveness.

Deregulation and ease of doing business 2.0 to boost India's medium term growth and strengthen the MSME sector.
India's real GDP and GVA are estimated to grow by 6.4 per cent in FY25 with FY26 growth projected between 6.3 and 6.8 per cent; inflation is moderating toward a roughly 4 per cent target. The Survey prioritises systematic deregulation and an "Ease of Doing Business 2.0" strategy to strengthen medium term growth and build a robust MSME sector, while noting rising public capital expenditure and the need for private participation in infrastructure. Financial sector indicators have improved, with steady credit growth, lower GNPAs, elevated primary market mobilisation, and resilient external sector metrics.

Systematic deregulation to boost investment and competitiveness through state led Ease of Doing Business reforms and MSME equity support.
The Survey advances a policy agenda centred on systematic deregulation, advocating a state led regulatory review to identify and cost burdensome regulations, benchmark them internationally, and implement reforms under an Ease of Doing Business framework. It calls for liberalising standards and controls, instituting legal safeguards for enforcement, applying risk based regulation, and reducing tariffs and fees to support enterprise scaling and MSME equity funding, alongside sustained public capital expenditure and infrastructure investment to reinforce medium term growth.

Mental well being policy should be central to economic planning, urging preventive youth, family and workplace interventions.
The Economic Survey 2024-25 links youth mental health to economic productivity, identifying lifestyle choices, workplace culture and family situations as key determinants of mental well being and warning that social media overuse, sedentary habits, poor diet and excessive desk hours undermine well being. It urges school, family and workplace interventions and recommends centring mental well being in economic planning with preventive strategies to protect the demographic dividend.

National Education Policy driving universal foundational learning, digital integration, inclusivity, and multidisciplinary higher education expansion.
The Economic Survey positions the National Education Policy 2020 as the primary framework to achieve universal foundational learning and expanded enrolment, highlighting FLN via NIPUN Bharat and pedagogical innovations like peer teaching, strengthened ECCE through new national curricula, expanded ICT access in schools, inclusive measures for Children with Special Needs under Samagra Shiksha, and higher education expansion toward multidisciplinary institutions supported by scholarships, online modalities, and coordinated central-state-institutional implementation.