Capacity determination standards require measurement of installed, normal and actual capacity to guide cost statements and disclosures.
CAS 2 (Revised 2015) requires entities to determine capacity-measured as installed capacity, adjusted to normal capacity, and tracked as actual capacity utilization-using output quantities, machine/man hours or standard mixes, reassessing installed capacity on changes, and reporting these figures in cost statements with material disclosures on basis, changes, outsourced capacity, reasons for low utilization and abnormal costs.

Registration as Category II Alternative Investment Fund enables NIIF to attract domestic and international investment for infrastructure projects.
Institutional structuring and regulatory authorisation of the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund included formation of trustee and corporate entities, registration of the trust under the Indian Trust Act, appointment of India Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd and IDBI Capital Market Services Ltd as advisors on initial mandates, and SEBI registration of NIIF as a Category II Alternative Investment Fund. A Search cum Selection Committee has been constituted and publicly advertised the CEO position, including planned foreign recruitment outreach, while the Governing Council reviewed prospective greenfield, brownfield and stalled projects and international investor engagement.

Companies amendment implementation spurred rule notifications, a companies law committee, section 462 exemptions and CSR oversight.
The Ministry published and brought into force the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 (except sections 13 and 14) effective 29 May 2015 and notified consequential amendments to five rule-sets. It constituted a Companies Law Committee with six groups to examine implementation and related recommendations. Final notifications under section 462 grant exemptions to Private Companies, Government Companies, Section 8 companies and Nidhis. A High Level Committee on Corporate Social Responsibility submitted a monitoring report placed on the Ministry's website.

Companies Act reform eases compliance and strengthens enforcement, simplifying procedures and clarifying related party and CSR rules.
Enhancements to the Companies Act, 2013 include forty circular clarifications, fifteen rule amendments, and seven 'remove difficulties' orders to ease implementation; CSR rules were expanded. Lok Sabha approved amendments streamline related party approvals, address minimum capital and company seal practices, set explicit penalties for deposit non compliance, retain strict bail for serious fraud, and rationalize audit fraud procedures. Administrative simplification discontinues forms, substitutes declarations for affidavits, eases foreign director procedures, integrates incorporation services with a unified portal, reduces small company fees, and enables IndAS adoption. Enforcement actions include SFIO investigations into chit fund entities, steps to merge a defaulting exchange with its parent, and completed online fraud probes.

Foreign direct investment approvals granted for multiple funds and equity investments; several proposals deferred or rejected thereafter.
Government approved seven FDI proposals, permitting AIFs to accept non-resident contributions and issue units under the FDI route, authorising investments in Indian companies where FDI is allowed and distribution of income to offshore investors under the automatic route; also approved equity subscriptions and warrant issuances in a financial holding company, acquisition of shares in a core investment company, and foreign investment into an Indian subsidiary for digital education publishing. Several proposals were deferred, five were rejected, and one was determined not to lie before the Board.

Corporate Social Responsibility obligations clarified; committee recommends monitoring framework and no uniform tax exemption for eligible activities.
A High Level Committee reported recommendations for a CSR monitoring framework and noted the Government does not propose uniform tax exemptions for all eligible CSR activities. Companies are required to adopt CSR policies under the statutory CSR obligation and applicable CSR rules, and the Companies Law Committee is reviewing potential amendments to company law and rules to reflect these issues.

Fraud recognition as a substantive offence strengthens investigatory powers and promotes data driven corporate fraud detection.
SFIO has an active caseload with multiple company investigations in progress and has secured convictions through courts and disciplinary bodies. MRAU analyses public and external inputs to generate fraud alerts, corroborated by examination of books and records, and is assisted by a forensic lab despite lacking separate funding. Legislative measures include recognising fraud as a substantive offence and granting statutory status to SFIO under the Companies Act, 2013, alongside tighter corporate governance norms and increased use of technology and forensic tools for early fraud identification.

Tribunal constitution under Companies Act initiated; implementation process announced following judicial decision; operations expected soon
Provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 establishing a specialised company tribunal regime were judicially challenged and decided by the Supreme Court; the executive has initiated constitution steps and, per the corporate affairs minister's parliamentary reply, the tribunals are likely to become functional from the next financial year.

Company incorporation processing time reduced; new Form INC29 to permit multiple directors and greater flexibility in name proposals.
The Ministry has streamlined incorporation procedures by adopting an integrated mechanism and tighter Registrar monitoring, and will issue a revised Form INC29 to permit appointment of multiple directors and greater flexibility in company name proposals, alongside simplified name reservation rules and a centralized time-bound approval process.

Foreign company registration must be completed within thirty days of establishing a place of business in India to ensure compliance.
Foreign companies that establish a place of business in India, including by electronic means, must enrol with the Registrar of Companies within the specified short timeframe after establishment, creating a mandatory registration and ongoing compliance duty under the Companies Act.

Corporate Social Responsibility requirement: companies must adopt CSR policies and allocate prescribed profit proportion to eligible Schedule VII activities.
Section 135 requires qualifying companies to adopt a Corporate Social Responsibility Policy and to allocate a prescribed proportion of average net profits to CSR activities. Schedule VII defines eligible activities, expressly including relief and welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women. The Companies CSR Policy Rules and the Ministry circular provide guidance on policy formulation and implementation, and the company board decides allocation of CSR funds across Schedule VII items.

Multi-Disciplinary Partnership firms under deliberation by major professional institutes; councils yet to finalise modalities for members.
Deliberations concern establishment modalities for Multi-Disciplinary Partnership firms among the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the Institute of Company Secretaries of India, and the Institute of Cost Accountants of India. The respective councils have not taken a final decision, and the position was stated in a written parliamentary reply that MDPs are not limited to these three institutes.

Corporate Social Responsibility monitoring recommended; committee proposes methodologies, company evaluation and public reporting of compliance and effectiveness.
The High Level Committee recommended methodologies for monitoring compliance with Section 135 and measures for companies to systematically monitor and evaluate CSR initiatives, including independent evaluation by expert agencies and consideration of distinct mechanisms for Government Companies; its report and recommendations have been placed in the public domain.

Digital signature authentication required for electronic filings; procedural and support measures ensure access and system reliability.
Electronic filing requires authentication of electronic documents by authorized signatories using digital signatures under the prescribed rules governing manner and conditions of filing; these requirements are maintained to preserve data integrity and there is no proposal to relax them.

Independent Director requirements reinforce board composition and qualification standards, extending appointment criteria and limits for PSU non-official directors.
Statutory and regulatory rules mandate minimum independent director representation for listed companies and threshold-based requirements for unlisted public companies, with these provisions extending to PSUs. Qualification and eligibility for independent directors are prescribed by company law and rules and are supplemented for CPSEs by Department of Public Enterprises criteria that set experience, educational, age, reappointment, simultaneous appointment, and private directorship limits for non official directors.

Company striking-off procedures clarified as exit schemes and verification reforms enable removal of defunct firms.
Section 560 of the Companies Act, 1956 (corresponding to Section 248 of the 2013 Act, not yet notified) permits striking off names of companies not carrying on business after prescribed procedure; the Ministry continues Easy Exit and Fast Track Exit schemes to facilitate removal of defunct companies. Registration reforms require Director Identification Numbers for directors, verification of registered office addresses with supporting documents, and in person certification by specified professionals, with detailed rules in the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014.

Competition advocacy under section 49: CCI restricts participation to stakeholder conferences and avoids commercial sponsorship ties.
Under the mandate of section 49 of the Competition Act, 2002, the Competition Commission of India conducts competition advocacy by participating in stakeholder-organized conferences, seminars and workshops while maintaining a policy of not taking part in commercial events; invitations come from associations and the Commission does not engage with individual sponsors.

CSR eligibility for armed forces beneficiaries: companies may fund veterans and war widows subject to board allocation under the Act.
Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013 recognises CSR activities for armed forces veterans, war widows and their dependents as eligible; allocation of CSR funds among Schedule VII items is determined by the company's board under the Act.

Independent director appointment requirement: administrative ministries must implement Search Committee recommendations to fill PSU board vacancies promptly.
The appointment of non-official independent directors for CPSEs follows a DPE-facilitated process: administrative Ministries initiate proposals, DPE processes them and places candidates before the Search Committee, the Committee's recommendations are returned to the Ministries, and appointments are made by Ministries with competent authority approval; non-official directors serve a three-year tenure and vacancy filling is ongoing under prescribed timelines.

CSR obligations broadened: permissible activities and administrative costs now allowed, enabling companies to pool resources for implementation.
Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility is mandatory for companies above statutory thresholds; Schedule VII has been amended to broaden permissible CSR activities and a clarificatory circular advocates liberal interpretation. Amendments to the CSR Rules permit expenditure on administrative overheads as eligible CSR spending and allow pooling of resources by companies to undertake CSR activities, aiming to facilitate effective compliance and judicious use of corporate resources for societal benefit.