Oral trust definition excludes trusts evidenced by duly executed written instruments or treated as written, including valid wakf deeds.

Oral trust means a trust not declared by a duly executed instrument in writing. Valid wakf deeds are included within the scope of written instruments. Trusts deemed to have been declared by duly executed written instruments are excluded. The definition under the Income-tax Act, 1961 similarly distinguishes oral trusts from trusts evidenced by, or statutorily treated as evidenced by, duly executed written instruments.

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