Doctrine of pith and substance allows valid legislation despite incidental encroachment on another legislature's subjects.

The doctrine of pith and substance requires examination of the entire statute - its object, scope and effect - to determine whether, in substance, the enactment falls within the legislative power of the enacting body; incidental encroachment on another legislature's subjects does not invalidate the law, because the determination rests on substance rather than degree.

---

---

---