Difference between "Late Delivery clause" and "Liquidated Damages" clause in a contract

[KOHINOOR MITRA]

Dear All,

I would like to know the precise difference in the clauses found in a contract termed as

1. Late Delivery - for which the contractor needs to pay a % of the amount billed where the supply of materials/services were delayed from contractual time mile-stones ;

2. Liquidated damages - whether or not specifically provided as a % of the billed amount or value of goods and services yet to be supplied/provided.

To my understanding the above Late delivery charges , which could be deducted from a contractors' bills is subject to a limited content being restricted to a percentage of the billed amount with a cap, however contractually where a Liquidated damages is claimed by a customer from its contractor then the customer needs to prove the amount claimed as actually what it suffered due to a non-performance of the contract by the contractor due to many reasons where "supplies/providing services late" could be one of the them.

I would also like to know whether in a contract a "Late Delivery " clause can be effective parallely with a "Liquidated Damages" clause ie., could a customer claim both where the contract has both the provisons? Extending this argument, could a contract have both these provisions under the eye of a law ? 

Citation of suitable case laws on the explanation to the above would add to the clarity please.   

AI Summary

Late delivery clause as penalty or interest, while liquidated damages operate as contractual compensation for breach.
A Late Delivery clause functions as an interest or penalty charge for delay, often expressed as a percentage of billed amounts and sometimes capped. A Liquidated Damages clause is a compensatory mechanism intended to make good loss from non performance or breach, representing a contractual estimate of compensation rather than a mere penalty. The document records a query about whether both provisions can coexist and be claimed concurrently, but the reply supplies only the definitional contrast without resolving their legal interaction.