One Person Company eligibility and mandatory conversion on exceeding prescribed thresholds require nominee nomination and prescribed filings.
Rules prescribe OPC eligibility-only a natural Indian resident may incorporate and be nominee, with a cap on number of OPCs per person and deadlines to regularise nominee membership; subscribers must nominate successor members with prior written consent and file prescribed nomination forms and notices on incorporation, withdrawal or change of nominee. OPCs exceeding prescribed capital, turnover or balance-sheet thresholds must convert into private or public companies within a fixed period, alter constitutional documents by resolution, notify the Registrar and comply with conversion formalities; noncompliance attracts fines.

Registration of charges: required filings and certificates with Registrar, late submissions subject to condonation and fees.
Registration of charge requires filing prescribed particulars and a copy of the instrument in the specified form with the Registrar, signed by the company and charge-holder and payment of the prescribed fee; late filing within an initial extended period may be made by the charge-holder on payment of additional fees or condoned by the Registrar on sufficient cause with further fee. The Registrar issues certificates for registration, modification and satisfaction, the MCA portal register is the official register, and companies must keep and preserve a register of charges with authenticated, timely entries and required disclosures for unregistered motor vehicle hypothecations.

Declaration of dividend from reserves: conditional withdrawals, mandatory publication of unpaid dividends, transfer to Fund and claimant restoration.
Declaration of dividend from reserves is allowed when current profits are inadequate, subject to limits on rate and total withdrawals, priority application to set off current losses, and maintenance of a minimum residual reserve; unpaid or unclaimed dividends must be published in a searchable statement until transfer to the Fund; amounts unclaimed for the statutory period plus interest are transferred to the Fund with designated bank remittance and certified challan; shares related to transferred dividends are moved to an IEPF suspense account with frozen voting rights, preservation of documents, and procedures for claimant verification and refund.

Electronic records retention requires in-country accessibility, original-format preservation and legible retrievability for company accounts.
Rules require electronic books of account to remain accessible in India, retained in original or accurately representative format, legibly displayable and retrievable, with prohibition on disposal unless permitted by law. Summarised overseas accounting returns must be sent to the registered office periodically; directors may request further foreign financial information in writing and the company must produce it within a specified short period. Specified classes must file financial statements in XBRL; consolidation must follow Accounting Standards and, where an immediate parent is outside India, consolidated statements must be prepared in Schedule III format.

Rotation of auditors: incoming auditors must be independent of outgoing audit networks and be proposed before term expiry for member approval.
The audit committee, where constituted, must evaluate proposed auditors' qualifications, experience and any disciplinary or legal proceedings and recommend individuals or firms to the Board; the Board may accept or return recommendations with reasons and must present its recommendation to members if disagreement persists. Members appoint auditors at the annual general meeting for a fixed multi year term subject to annual ratification. Rotation rules prevent incoming auditors associated with outgoing auditors under the same network or brand, require consideration of prior service for tenure calculations, and provide for staggered rotation of joint auditors.

Director appointment requirements: mandated board composition, independent director qualifications, databank use and DIN process govern appointments.
Companies must meet board composition rules requiring appointment of a woman director for listed and specified public companies, and certain public companies must have at least one-third independent directors with a continuing applicability for the tenure of those directors. Independent directors must have an appropriate balance of skills, experience and knowledge; an authorised body will maintain a public electronic databank of eligible independent director candidates with specified personal, professional and directorship details and a prominent disclaimer. Individuals must obtain a Director Identification Number via an electronic application process subject to allotment, provisional status, rectification, lifetime validity and cancellation grounds; companies must file prescribed consents, notices, returns and maintain a detailed register of directors and key managerial personnel.

Meetings through video conferencing require strict procedural safeguards and cannot be used to approve annual financial statements.
Rules require robust procedures for Board meetings by video conferencing-including at least one in-person attendance per director yearly, prior notice and confirmation, roll call identification, secure audio-visual facilities, recording and preservation of proceedings, and deeming the scheduled venue as the meeting place. Certain matters, notably approval of annual financial statements and the Board's report, cannot be transacted via audio-visual meetings. The Board must form specified committees, establish a vigil mechanism with protections, exercise listed powers only at meetings, maintain prescribed registers for loans, guarantees and investments, ensure director disclosures, and obtain member approval for payments to directors on loss of office under set conditions.

Class action standing and public notice requirements ensure member/depositor thresholds, publication and procedural service obligations before hearings.
Eligibility for a class action is defined by member or depositor thresholds and by shareholding interests, with shareholder applicants required to have paid all calls; admission triggers a mandatory public notice by newspaper and website publication stating lead applicant, grounds, relief sought, confirmation of requisite numbers and hearing details, with publication costs borne by the applicant and defrayed by the company or person responsible for the oppressive act. Procedural rules require service on the company, regulators and specified persons, Tribunal leave for withdrawal, application of capital alteration provisions, and notice to the Government with consideration of its representations.

Revival of sick companies: draft rules prescribe creditor applications, interim and company administrators, creditor votes and scheme sanction.
Draft rules set procedures for revival and rehabilitation of sick companies: secured creditors must file prescribed applications with supporting demand notices, financials and authorisations; the Tribunal may declare a company sick after hearing, grant interim stays, appoint an interim administrator with powers to protect assets, convene creditors and report on revival prospects, and require publication and Registrar filings. Where creditors approve revival by requisite value-majorities, a company administrator is appointed to prepare, publish and file a scheme for Tribunal sanction with prescribed documents; the Tribunal may modify schemes and oversee implementation, including use of a Rehabilitation and Insolvency Fund.

Removal of company name: Registrar may initiate strike-off or company may apply subject to conditions and notices.
Removal of a company's name may be initiated by the Registrar via Form No. 18.1 with a thirty day period for representations, but certain companies (including listed, delisted, vanishing companies, those under inspection/investigation or with pending prosecutions, outstanding public deposits or secured loans) are excluded. A company may apply in Form No. 18.2 with prescribed fee, an indemnity bond (Form No. 18.3), a recent statement of accounts, director affidavits (Form No. 18.5) confirming extinguished liabilities and compliance, sectoral no objection certificates, and shareholder approval. The Registrar must publish public notices in newspapers and on official websites, notify regulators and tax authorities, and maintain a public list; the Registrar's strike off decision is final.

Indian Depository Receipts eligibility rules restrict foreign issuers and impose detailed procedural, disclosure and compliance requirements for issuance.
Foreign companies must file prescribed registration forms, maintain and file Indian operations financial statements in accordance with Schedule III, annexing related party, repatriation and fund transfer statements, have accounts audited by an Indian Chartered Accountant, and comply with certification and translation authentication requirements. Issuance of Indian Depository Receipts requires SEBI approval, merchant banker due diligence, appointment of an overseas custodian, a domestic depository and merchant banker, delivery of underlying shares to the custodian, in principle listing permission, extensive prospectus disclosures and ongoing SEBI and FEMA compliance.

Electronic filing and digital authentication required for company filings; Registrar reviews, notifies defects and may mark filings invalid pending re filing.
Core documentary filings and communications must be submitted in computer readable electronic form through the Ministry portal or notified websites, authenticated by authorized signatories using specified digital signatures. The Central Government will maintain a secure electronic registry and portal and Registrar front offices for access and certified copies. Registrars shall examine filings, notify defects or requests for information by website and e mail or post, and may reject or label filings "invalid" or "defective" if not remedied within the prescribed period; re filing may require payment of applicable fees.

Nidhi company compliance: operational limits on deposits, member-only lending and prudential provisioning reinforce depositor protection.
These Rules prescribe a regulatory regime for Nidhi companies, restricting their objects to member thrift and savings, mandating the suffix 'Nidhi Limited', minimum capital and membership, prohibiting preference shares and external debt, confining business to accepting deposits from and lending to members only, setting deposit-to-Net Owned Funds ceilings and mandatory unencumbered term deposits, imposing deposit application disclosure and depositor verification requirements, limiting lending to specified securities with loan ceilings and interest caps, and prescribing prudential asset classification, provisioning, governance, reporting and enforcement mechanisms.

Remuneration and service terms for tribunal President and members set entitlement, allowances, leave and pension adjustments.
The rules prescribe pay and service conditions for the Tribunal: the President receives salary and allowances comparable to a High Court judge; Judicial Members' pay aligns with prior judicial rank; Technical Members receive Pay Band 4 Grade Pay. Retired appointees' pay is reduced by gross post retirement benefits (except pension equivalent of gratuity). The President and Members are governed by the Contributory Provident Fund Rules, receive specified leave, travel, LTC and medical benefits, and must take oaths and declare absence of adverse financial interests, with unresolved service matters referred to the Central Government.

Salaries and allowances for appellate tribunal members mirror judicial or equivalent government service entitlements under specified service conditions.
Rules align remuneration and service conditions for the Chairperson and Members of the Appellate Tribunal with equivalent judicial or Group A government entitlements, including salary adjustments for existing pensionary receipts, dearness and other allowances, leave and encashment limits, travel and medical facilities, pension options, oath and secrecy obligations, declaration of interests, and residuary provisions with Central Government power to relax rules.

Electronic filing and digital signatures made primary for Tribunal procedure, fixing e-service, e-orders and portal-based case management.
These draft Rules operationalise the National Company Law Tribunal under the Companies Act, 2013 by defining scope, bench structure and terminology; conferring Civil Court powers for company law disputes; prescribing filing, pleading, service, evidence and hearing procedures; mandating electronic filing and a Dedicated Portal with digital signature and time-stamping rules; and detailing registry, Registrar and Secretary functions, record-keeping, fees, notice and advertisement requirements. The Rules also set case-management measures, enforcement, review and correction mechanisms, transitional provisions for transferred matters, and procedures for a range of company-specific applications.

Adjudication of penalties procedure centralises appointment, notice, hearing and penalty factors with appeal rights to Regional Director.
Adjudication of penalties appoints officers not below Registrar as adjudicating officers, requires written show-cause notices with minimum response periods and possible extensions, mandates hearings with reasonable opportunity to be heard, grants powers to summon witnesses and compel documents, and directs consideration of disproportionate gain, investor or creditor loss, and repetitiveness in determining penalty quantum. Orders must be dated, signed and communicated; proceedings are exempt from CPC, Evidence Act and CrPC, and penalties accrue to the Consolidated Fund of India.

Currency export/import limit expanded for residents, allowing higher per-person cash carriage and requiring authorised persons to notify stakeholders.
Regulatory amendment increases the per-person cash carriage ceiling for Indian residents travelling abroad and for resident returnees bringing Indian currency into India (excluding travel to and from Nepal and Bhutan). Resident individuals are permitted to take out of India and to bring into India Indian currency notes up to the revised per-person limit, replacing the earlier lower ceiling, and Authorised Persons must notify their constituents.

FDI share acquisition on exchanges permitted where non-resident already holds control, subject to FEMA pricing and compliance.
Non-residents, including NRIs, may acquire shares of listed Indian companies on recognised stock exchanges under the FDI scheme if they already hold and continue to hold control as per SEBI Takeover Regulations. Consideration may be paid by inward remittance, debit to NRE/FCNR accounts, debit to a non-interest bearing escrow account in India, or from dividends credited to a designated non-interest bearing rupee account. Pricing for subsequent transfers must follow FEMA guidelines and all investments must comply with sectoral caps, entry route, reporting, and documentation requirements under FDI policy and FEMA.

Proof of export relaxed for gold articles; gold consignments under customs bond may be released without bank realisation.
For exports of gold jewellery and articles of gold, the DGFT relaxes the requirement to insist on the bank certificate of realisation for proof of export; if the E.P. copy of the shipping bill and a customs attested invoice are produced and RBI/Ministry of Finance guidelines are observed, gold consignments under customs bond may be released without waiting for bank realisation. The three document proof requirement continues to apply to other exports, and the bank certificate remains necessary where export benefits are claimed.