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    Circulars
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    Memorandum of association ‑ Whether memorandum or articles of association printed by offset printing method can be accepted for the purposes of registration of companies
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    Acceptability of offset-printed memorandum and articles affirmed for company registration, permitting registrars to accept such documents.
    The circular concludes that memorandum and articles of association printed by offset printing are materially equivalent to conventional printing and present no objection to acceptance for company registration; registrars should accept such documents in form for filing absent other defects.
    Appointment of auditors other than retiring auditors ‑ Whether service of copy of special notice to retiring auditors is to be effected by registered post
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    Service of special notice to retiring auditors should be sent by registered AD post to ensure effective proof of service.
    The circular identifies that section 225(2) presents operational difficulties because copies of the special notice to retiring auditors are often not effectively served and lack proof of service; it accordingly advises that such copies be sent by registered AD post to create reliable evidence of service when appointing auditors other than the retiring auditors.
    Partnership - Whether incorporated companies can enter into partnership with some other person/company
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    Corporate capacity limits: companies may not enter partnerships unless constitution expressly authorises it, and registration authorities must verify articles.
    A company entering into a partnership is prima facie ultra vires unless its memorandum and articles of association expressly authorise such partnership; corporate participation requires specially drafted articles to address difficulties in applying Partnership Act provisions, and registration authorities must examine company constitutions for appropriate enabling and remedial provisions before registering firms with corporate partners.
    Acceptance of ‑ Scope and provision of Companies (Acceptance of Deposits) Rules, 1975 explained
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    Deduction of unprovided depreciation required when computing deposit acceptance limits for non-bank companies under Companies rules.
    The amount of unprovided depreciation is to be treated as part of accumulated loss and therefore must be deducted from the aggregate of paid up share capital and free reserves, as shown in the latest audited balance sheet, when computing the limits up to which a non banking non financial company may accept deposits.
    Annual accounts ‑ Whether accounts once adopted and passed in annual general meeting can be revised in a subsequent meeting
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    Finality of adopted annual accounts: adopted accounts cannot be reopened and amendment resolutions are invalid.
    Accounts adopted and passed at an annual general meeting become final and cannot be reopened or revised in a subsequent meeting. A special resolution purporting to empower the company to amend or revise accounts already adopted is invalid and cannot override the rule of finality (noted as invalid under the provision cited in the correspondence).
    Declaration of ‑ Payment of interim dividend ‑ Whether confirmation by shareholders has to be only in annual general meeting
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    Interim dividend: board may declare if authorised by articles, subject to regularisation by shareholders at the annual general meeting.
    The board may pay an interim dividend if authorised by the articles of association, but any interim dividend must be regularised by the company in general meeting; the appropriate meeting for such regularisation is the annual general meeting because the profit for the financial year would not otherwise be known.
    Exemption ‑ Whether promoter’s contribution can be excluded from definition of ‘deposits’
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    Promoter contributions exclusion from deposit definition: blanket exemption refused, government may grant individual exemptions under statute.
    Promoter contributions constituted by unsecured loans to meet promoters' obligations under financial institution stipulations cannot be accorded a blanket exclusion from the deposit definition; the Government may, at its discretion, consider individual case exemptions under section 58A(8).
    Memorandum of association ‑ Whether zerox copies of memorandum or articles of association can be accepted for the purposes of registration of companies
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    Printed memorandum requirement bars acceptance of photocopies for company registration, preserving statutory formality and filing standards.
    The memorandum and articles of association must be in a printed form under the applicable Act; because the statute expressly requires printing, xerox or photocopies should not be accepted for the purposes of company registration, and filing officers must insist on the prescribed printed form.
    Modification of ‑ Change in rate of interest arising out of variation of bank rate ‑ Whether amounts to a charge envisaged under the section
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    Change in interest rate linked to bank rate: such revisions fall within the circular's scope; otherwise statutory charge filing required.
    A change in the rate of interest is within the circular's scope only where the rate was fixed as a specified percentage above the bank rate and the variation results from a notified change in the bank rate; otherwise the statutory charge provisions apply and the required filing must be made unless the change directly follows a notified bank rate variation.
    Holding of annual general meeting whether permissible on 30th June and 31st December declared as Public holidays under Negotiable Instruments Act
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    Holiday under Negotiable Instruments Act is not treated as a public holiday for AGM scheduling under company law.
    When days are declared holidays under the Negotiable Instruments framework solely for half yearly bank or treasury account closings, those days shall not be treated as public holidays for the purpose of section 166, and therefore do not alter the timetable or permissibility of convening annual general meetings under the companies regime.
    Public Deposits - Acceptance of ‑ Scope and provision of Companies (Acceptance of Deposits) Rules, 1975 explained
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    Invitation of deposits requires prescribed statutory advertisement; non compliant announcements expose companies to penalties under deposit law.
    Announcements that merely notify alterations in deposit terms, including changes in interest rates, are amendments to earlier statutory advertisements and do not amount to an invitation of deposits. If the announcement, however, indicates continued acceptance of deposits, higher rates for renewals or fresh deposits, or availability of application forms with the company or its agents, it constitutes an invitation of deposits and must be published in the statutory form prescribed by the Companies (Acceptance of Deposits) Rules; non compliance attracts statutory penalties.
    Annual general meeting can be held at a place within postal limits of the city in which registered office is situate though postal limits are wider than municipal limits
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    Venue for annual general meeting: postal limits may authorise AGM location when wider than municipal limits.
    An annual general meeting may be held at a location within the postal limits of the city where the registered office is situated; section 166(2) is to be read as encompassing both postal limits and local body limits, and where these differ the wider boundary determines the permissible AGM venue, permitting companies to choose a convenient place within the broader limits of the city of the registered office.

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