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Case Laws
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AI Text Quick Glance by AI Headnote
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Prohibited-goods classification for restricted gold imports triggers confiscation and the applicable Customs Act penalty regime.
Gold imported contrary to restrictions imposed under the Customs Act or any other law in force falls within the definition of prohibited goods. Import controls may arise from regulatory notifications and circulars, including restrictions limiting bulk imports to authorised agencies and passenger imports to the Baggage Rules. Importation by persons outside those permitted categories, including through an unauthorised land route, attracts confiscation consequences and the applicable Customs penalty regime. Where prohibited status is identified and the basis for penalty is disclosed, an adjudicating authority's failure to expressly cite the specific penalty clause does not invalidate the exercise of statutory power.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Revision jurisdiction requires independent error and prejudice; enhanced-compensation interest on acquired agricultural land remains exempt.
Revision under section 263 requires the revisional authority to examine the assessment record independently and establish both error and prejudice to Revenue; an audit objection or Assessing Officer proposal, without conversion of limited scrutiny or demonstrated lack of enquiry, does not suffice. Interest awarded under section 28 of the Land Acquisition Act on excess compensation is characterised as accretion to land value rather than interest for delayed payment under section 34. It consequently forms part of enhanced compensation and, where compulsory acquisition concerns qualifying agricultural land, falls within the section 10(37) exemption rather than income from other sources. Conflicting judicial views also make the tax treatment debatable for revision purposes.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
PBDIT under TNMM addresses depreciation distortions, requiring working-capital adjustment and statutory set-off of verified losses.
PBDIT should be used as the profit level indicator under the Transactional Net Margin Method where substantially different fixed-asset profiles produce material depreciation differences and no reliable adjustment to comparable operating margins is feasible. Arm's length pricing should then be recomputed using PBDIT for both the tested party and comparables. Working-capital differences affecting operating margins require an adjustment calculated on an actual basis. Eligible brought-forward business losses and unabsorbed depreciation require verification and statutory set-off against assessed income in accordance with law.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Reassessment limitation blocks extended reopening where a co-owner's attributable sale share falls below the statutory threshold.
Reassessment notice issued under Section 148 more than three years after the relevant assessment year cannot rely on the extended limitation period where the assessee's attributable income escaping assessment is below the prescribed threshold. In a sale by multiple vendors, each vendor's individual share, rather than the aggregate sale consideration, determines the amount attributable to that assessee. Treating the full transaction value as income escaping assessment for one vendor is impermissible where the reassessment accepts a lower individual share. The notice was time-barred, rendering the reassessment order vitiated.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Search assessment additions require seized incriminating material, while documented unsecured loans satisfy cash-credit evidentiary requirements.
Completed assessments under Section 153A permit additions only where incriminating material is found during the search. Statements or information obtained through post-search collateral enquiries cannot replace that jurisdictional requirement, particularly where a loan was already disclosed in the books and balance sheet. An unsecured loan is not liable to addition as unexplained cash credit where confirmation, PAN, tax return records, audited financial statements and bank evidence establish the lender's identity, creditworthiness and the transaction's genuineness. Banking-channel repayment and interest payments with tax deduction further support the disclosed loan.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Omission of Rule 96(10) without savings protection invalidates pending erroneous-refund demands and benefits affected assessees.
Omission of Rule 96(10) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Rules, 2017 applies to pending proceedings where no savings clause or legal fiction preserves actions initiated under the omitted rule. Without an enabling provision permitting their continuation, proceedings based on the omitted rule enure to the benefit of assessees. Erroneous-refund demands raised under the rule in the identified pending issues could not survive and were quashed.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Inherent jurisdiction permits quashing stale tax prosecution after final settlement and payment where continuation becomes an abuse of process.
Settlement immunity under the Income-tax Act cannot extend to a prosecution instituted before the settlement application, even where the tax liability is resolved. That statutory bar does not displace inherent criminal jurisdiction to assess whether continuation of prosecution is justified. Where a settlement order is final, liabilities have been paid, no breach or challenge exists, and proceedings have remained pending for many years, continuation may serve no meaningful penal purpose and amount to abuse of process. The criminal complaint, summoning and consequential proceedings were quashed.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Transfer-pricing comparability excludes diversified, intangible-rich IT companies from benchmarking captive software-development services under FAR analysis.
Transfer-pricing comparability for captive, limited-risk software-development service providers requires alignment of functions, assets and risks under FAR analysis. Diversified companies owning substantial brands, goodwill, patents and other intangibles, incurring significant research and development expenditure, and assuming substantial business and intellectual-property risks are materially different from cost-plus captive providers. Where standalone segmental information for comparable service activities is unavailable, such companies should be excluded from the comparable set. The transfer-pricing adjustment requires recomputation using functionally comparable entities.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Charitable trust income accumulation remains available when prescribed filing and investment conditions are met despite a later trustees' resolution.
Section 11(2) permits a charitable or religious trust to accumulate income beyond the general exemption limit where Form 10 specifies the purpose and period, is furnished by the return-filing due date, and the funds are invested or deposited in permitted modes. Neither Section 11(2) nor Rule 17(2) requires trustees to pass an accumulation resolution before the end of the relevant previous year. A resolution passed later does not by itself defeat accumulation where the prescribed filing, purpose, period and investment conditions are satisfied.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Assessment limitation after remand cannot be extended by treating recomputation as a fresh transfer-pricing reference.
A separate DIN-bearing intimation that identifies the DIN of enclosed DRP directions satisfies traceability requirements despite the directions themselves lacking a DIN; retrospective validation provisions also prevent invalidation where the assessment order is identified by DIN. Following a remand requiring verification and hearing, assessment must comply with the limitation applicable to giving effect to an appellate order. A remand for recomputation of arm's length price does not constitute a fresh transfer-pricing reference based on the Assessing Officer's fresh satisfaction and cannot trigger the additional limitation extension. Expiry of that period renders the consequential assessment unsustainable.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Mandatory scrutiny notice after a return is treated as filed in reassessment is indispensable; without it, reassessment fails.
Reassessment jurisdiction requires a notice under section 143(2) when an earlier return is requested to be treated as a return filed in response to a section 148 notice and is relied on in computing reassessed income. Non-issuance of that mandatory scrutiny notice invalidates the reassessment. An unexplained-investment addition also requires evidence linking the taxpayer to the alleged payment or acquisition. Digital property-ledger cash entries alone do not establish that link where the registered sale deed identifies another person as purchaser and the taxpayer is neither buyer nor seller; such entries cannot sustain the addition.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Section 80G renewal eligibility depends on whether regular or provisional approval subsists when the application is filed.
Renewal eligibility for charitable-donation tax approval depends on the approval status subsisting when the application is filed. Clause (ii) of the first proviso to section 80G(5) applies where regular approval remains in force and is due to expire, while clause (iii) applies where only provisional approval exists. Where regular approval and its particulars were disclosed, an application under clause (ii) is valid and maintainable.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Jurisdiction of Assessment Units ends when Penalty Units operationalise under the Faceless Penalty Scheme, invalidating later penalties.
Jurisdiction to impose penalties under Section 271D rests with the competent prescribed authority. The Standard Operating Procedure operationalising Penalty Units for Chapter XXI penalties ended the transitional arrangement under the Faceless Penalty Scheme, 2021, which had allowed an Assessment Unit to act as a Penalty Unit. Once Penalty Units became operational, an Assessment Unit could no longer issue a penalty order under Section 271D. A penalty imposed thereafter by an Assessment Unit was without jurisdiction and liable to be quashed.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Uncrystallised development rights cannot support release or substitution of provisionally attached land without proven title and consideration.
Under the PMLA provisional-attachment regime, a developer relying on a joint development agreement must establish enforceable title and payment of consideration for the landowner's share before seeking release or substitution of attached land. Absence of a registered sale deed, proof of payment, or crystallised rights through legal proceedings left the developer with only an uncrystallised contractual interest. Transfers to plot purchasers and insufficient details of unsold plots further prevented proof of a subsisting proprietary share. The attachment therefore remained unaffected.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Mandatory personal hearing under GST invalidates adverse adjudication when hearing date, time and venue are not communicated.
Section 75(4) requires a personal hearing whenever an adverse tax or penalty decision is contemplated, even without a specific request from the noticee. Failure to communicate the date, time and venue of that hearing breaches this mandatory requirement and invalidates adjudication founded on the show-cause notice. The adjudication order was set aside and fresh adjudication after a personal hearing was required; owing to delay in seeking relief, this was conditional on deposit of 10 per cent of the disputed tax.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Reassessment notices for the relevant assessment year issued after commencement of the amended regime were quashed as time-barred.
Reassessment notices for assessment year 2015-16 issued on or after 1 April 2021 under section 148 were required to be dropped because proceedings could not be completed within the period prescribed by the Taxation and Other Laws (Relaxation and Amendment of Certain Provisions) Act, 2020. Notices dated 9 April 2021 and 27 July 2022 were therefore unsustainable and quashed. Revenue accepted the applicability of the Supreme Court determination.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Show cause notice limits GST determinations to stated grounds and amounts, requiring fresh adjudication after hearing.
Section 75(7) of the CGST and West Bengal GST Acts confines a tax determination to the amount demanded and grounds stated in the show cause notice. A determination exceeding the notice amount or relying on unstated grounds is invalid to that extent. The excess demand was set aside and treated as a show cause notice, requiring the proper officer to conduct adjudication after giving the assessee an opportunity of hearing.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Industrial undertaking deduction for rubber contraceptives remains available where Schedule exclusions are confined to specifically listed products.
Rubber contraceptives manufactured by an eligible industrial undertaking fall outside the Eleventh Schedule exclusions relevant to crown corks and pilfer-proof caps. Those entries apply only to the specifically identified products and cannot be expanded to cover all goods made of rubber. Deduction under Section 80IB therefore remains available for rubber contraceptives. Consistent acceptance of the deduction on identical facts in other eligible years also supports uniform application of the provision.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Bogus purchase additions must reflect embedded profit where sales remain undisputed, limiting disallowance to a gross-profit estimate.
Alleged bogus purchases in a wholesale industrial-chemicals business need not be disallowed in full under Section 69C where procurement from unregistered dealers remains possible and corresponding sales are undisputed. The appropriate adjustment is confined to estimating the profit element embedded in unverified purchases. A lump-sum gross-profit disallowance of 5% was retained, while the remaining addition was deleted.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Transfer-pricing tolerance applies to a single internal comparable, limiting vehicle pricing adjustments within the notified range.
The notified 3% transfer-pricing tolerance under Rule 10CA(7) applies where an arm's-length benchmark uses a single internal comparable, because its arithmetical mean is that single value; the vehicle-segment adjustment falls where the declared margin remains within the band. Corporate guarantee pricing must reflect its distinction from a bank guarantee, with the stated benchmark of 0.5%. A separate notional-interest adjustment on overdue associated-enterprise receivables requires verification that interest was likewise not charged to comparable third-party export customers; no adjustment arises if that uniform practice is substantiated.

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2012 (12) TMI 844 - HC - Income Tax

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Court dismisses review petition seeking restoration of rejected registration application under Section 12A
The Court upheld the rejection of the initial application for registration under Section 12A of the Income Tax Act due to identified defects and ... Summary

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Acts Income Tax