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of <h1>1960's 8th Amendment clarifies property rights, expands State powers for land reforms, and validates laws under Ninth Schedule.</h1> The Constitution (8th Amendment) Act, 1960, aims to amend articles 31, 31A, 305, and the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution. It addresses the Supreme Court's broad interpretation of property rights under article 31, clarifying the State's power of compulsory acquisition versus regulatory deprivation. The amendment seeks to facilitate social welfare legislation, including land reforms, urban planning, resource control, and company law reforms, by extending article 31A's scope. It also proposes adding specific State and Central Acts to the Ninth Schedule for retrospective validation. Furthermore, it amends article 305 to clarify legislative authority over State monopolies in trade and commerce.
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