<h1>Obesity: Bariatric surgery addresses hormonal and metabolic causes to improve weight and related diseases like diabetes.</h1> Obesity is a metabolic and hormonal disease caused by disrupted hormones (insulin, leptin, ghrelin), genetic factors and metabolic adaptation, which produce elevated hunger, reduced satiety and insulin resistance; durable treatment requires restoring metabolic health and correcting hormonal imbalances. Bariatric procedures (gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy) work partly by rewiring hormonal pathways to improve insulin response and metabolic function, benefiting obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.