<h1>Ceasefire reduces fighting but IHL obligations remain: protect civilians, ensure unimpeded aid, prohibit starvation and collective punishment</h1> A fragile ceasefire has reduced active hostilities but legal issues persist: parties remain bound by international humanitarian law to protect civilians, facilitate unimpeded humanitarian access, and avoid starvation or collective punishment. Reports of widespread civilian death, mass displacement, destroyed infrastructure, restricted crossings, interruptions to aid deliveries tied to hostage-prisoner exchanges, and shortages of food, water, shelter and medical services raise potential breaches requiring investigation and documentation. The ceasefire's terms on daily aid truck entries and exchanges create compliance and enforcement questions; accountability mechanisms, impartial monitoring, and restoration of full humanitarian corridors are essential to meet obligations and mitigate further civilian harm.