<h1>Grid failure attribution finds technical and planning errors, not cyberattack, prompting scrutiny of resilience and planning.</h1> The official report attributes the April cascading blackout to technical failures and planning deficiencies, not a cyberattack: localized substation failures in southern Spain triggered a rapid chain reaction; analysts found no indications of cyber-sabotage. The report cites operational shortcomings including the lack of a replacement balancing unit at a power plant and the preventive disconnection of smaller substations that might have aided system stability, raising governance and resilience issues amid high shares of variable renewable generation.