<h1>India's New Pension System (NPS) Mandatory for Central Govt Employees; Voluntary for Some Public Sector Enterprises.</h1> The Government of India implemented the New Pension System (NPS) starting January 1, 2004, for new Central Government employees, excluding the Armed Forces. This system replaced the defined benefit pension system and has been extended to autonomous bodies, State Governments, and the unorganized sector. Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) are not required to adopt NPS, but three CPSEs-Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd., Manganese Ore (India) Ltd., and NALCO-have voluntarily adopted it starting from 2004, 2011, and 2007, respectively. This information was provided by a government official in response to a parliamentary question.