Unlawful outward remittances via Hawala using proforma invoices and electronic records proved; documents admitted, directors penalised, penalties redu...
Attachment of equivalent-value properties as proceeds of crime upheld; preventive attachment order and confirmation sustained; no independent ED reinv...
Broker trading-system "technical glitch" redefinition and narrowed incident-reporting regime for large IBT/STWT brokers requiring 2-hr notice and 14-w...
Discharge of surety by variation in the principal contract operates prospectively: under Section 133 a surety is discharged only as to transactions subsequent to an unauthorised variance, while Section 139 applies only where the creditor's act or omission is inconsistent with the surety's rights and impairs the surety's eventual remedy. Applying these principles, the sureties guaranteed liability up to the originally sanctioned cash credit limit and are discharged only for excess overdrafts occurring thereafter; there was no impairment of remedy, so Section 139 does not apply and liability remains limited to the sanctioned amount with interest.
Discharge of surety by variation in the principal contract operates prospectively: under Section 133 a surety is discharged only as to transactions subsequent to an unauthorised variance, while Section 139 applies only where the creditor's act or omission is inconsistent with the surety's rights and impairs the surety's eventual remedy. Applying these principles, the sureties guaranteed liability up to the originally sanctioned cash credit limit and are discharged only for excess overdrafts occurring thereafter; there was no impairment of remedy, so Section 139 does not apply and liability remains limited to the sanctioned amount with interest.
Note: It is a system-generated summary and is for quick reference only.
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