Religious purpose exclusion versus charitable purpose: non overriding religious objects do not attract Explanation 3, registration directed under sect...
Search-assessment proviso jurisdiction, time-barred valuation reports, and denial of cross-examination vitiate valuation-based and confession-based ad...
Proceeds of crime: provisional attachment confirmed; equivalent value attachment and acquisition date fair market value upheld, Covid exclusion preser...
Discharge of surety by variation in the principal contract operates prospectively: under Section 133 a surety is discharged only as to transactions subsequent to an unauthorised variance, while Section 139 applies only where the creditor's act or omission is inconsistent with the surety's rights and impairs the surety's eventual remedy. Applying these principles, the sureties guaranteed liability up to the originally sanctioned cash credit limit and are discharged only for excess overdrafts occurring thereafter; there was no impairment of remedy, so Section 139 does not apply and liability remains limited to the sanctioned amount with interest.
Discharge of surety by variation in the principal contract operates prospectively: under Section 133 a surety is discharged only as to transactions subsequent to an unauthorised variance, while Section 139 applies only where the creditor's act or omission is inconsistent with the surety's rights and impairs the surety's eventual remedy. Applying these principles, the sureties guaranteed liability up to the originally sanctioned cash credit limit and are discharged only for excess overdrafts occurring thereafter; there was no impairment of remedy, so Section 139 does not apply and liability remains limited to the sanctioned amount with interest.
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