Electronic WhatsApp evidence without authentication or independent corroboration cannot sustain an unexplained-investment addition based on third-part...
Mutual current-account transactions excluded from deemed dividend treatment where no fresh borrowing arose; unsupported unsecured-loan addition also f...
The decree from the Bombay High Court, based on dishonored bills of exchange and cheques, constitutes a financial debt under the IBC. The respondent qualifies as a financial creditor. While interest is not a necessary component for a debt to be considered financial, the threshold for initiating Section 7 proceedings exists even without interest. The appellant's arguments regarding the absence of an agreement and non-applicability of Section 5(8) are unsubstantiated. The procedural defects cited by the appellant do not significantly undermine the validity of the claim u/s 7. The appeal is dismissed.
The decree from the Bombay High Court, based on dishonored bills of exchange and cheques, constitutes a financial debt under the IBC. The respondent qualifies as a financial creditor. While interest is not a necessary component for a debt to be considered financial, the threshold for initiating Section 7 proceedings exists even without interest. The appellant's arguments regarding the absence of an agreement and non-applicability of Section 5(8) are unsubstantiated. The procedural defects cited by the appellant do not significantly undermine the validity of the claim u/s 7. The appeal is dismissed.
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