Transaction value cannot be rejected solely on non-statutory valuation guidelines without corroborative evidence supporting reassessment of final cust...
Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Statutory presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the N.I. Act arose once the cheque and signature were proved, and the accused's bare plea of non-issuance, unsupported by expert evidence, witnesses, or credible material, failed to rebut the presumption of a legally enforceable debt on the preponderance of probabilities. The bank return memo also carried the statutory presumption of correctness under Section 146, so the objection that no bank official was examined was rejected. The High Court further held that revisional interference with concurrent findings is confined to patent illegality, perversity, or miscarriage of justice; finding none, it upheld the conviction and dismissed the revision.
Statutory presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the N.I. Act arose once the cheque and signature were proved, and the accused's bare plea of non-issuance, unsupported by expert evidence, witnesses, or credible material, failed to rebut the presumption of a legally enforceable debt on the preponderance of probabilities. The bank return memo also carried the statutory presumption of correctness under Section 146, so the objection that no bank official was examined was rejected. The High Court further held that revisional interference with concurrent findings is confined to patent illegality, perversity, or miscarriage of justice; finding none, it upheld the conviction and dismissed the revision.
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