Clear and unequivocal admissions are required for summary judgment; disputed documents cannot support decree under Order 12 Rule 6.

A judgment on admissions under Order 12 Rule 6 CPC can be granted only on clear, unequivocal and complete admissions of fact made in the pleadings or otherwise; if the alleged admissions are denied and the supporting documents are disputed, summary decree is not justified. In that situation, the issues must be tested at trial, with the evidentiary examination contemplated by Section 18 of the Evidence Act. Supervisory jurisdiction under Article 227 does not warrant interference with the trial court's discretion absent jurisdictional error, breach of natural justice, or an apparent legal error. The refusal to grant judgment on admissions was therefore upheld as the admissions were not clear, absolute, or undisputed.

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Issues: Whether a judgment on admissions under Order 12 Rule 6 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 could be granted on the basis of disputed documents in proceedings under Article 227 of the Constitution of India.

Analysis: Order 12 Rule 6 permits a court to pass judgment where admissions of fact are made in the pleadings or otherwise, and a partial decree may also be granted if the admission is clear and complete. However, where the alleged admissions are denied in the written statement and the supporting documents are disputed, the matter cannot be decided summarily at that stage. In such a situation, the alleged admissions require examination in the course of trial, including the opportunity contemplated by Section 18 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. The supervisory jurisdiction under Article 227 is not meant to interfere with the trial court's discretion unless jurisdictional error, violation of natural justice, or an apparent error is shown.

Conclusion: The application for judgment on admissions was rightly refused, as the claimed admissions were not clear, absolute, and undisputed.

Ratio Decidendi: A judgment on admissions can be granted only on clear and unequivocal admissions that stand independently; disputed documents denied by the opposite party do not justify summary decree under Order 12 Rule 6 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

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