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<h1>1988 Amendment Adds Article 359-A: Expands Emergency Powers in Punjab, Modifies Articles 352, 358, 359. Temporary Until 1990.</h1> The Constitution (59th Amendment) Act, 1988, introduces Article 359-A, modifying the application of certain constitutional provisions specifically for the State of Punjab. It allows the President to declare a state of emergency in Punjab if the security or integrity of India is threatened by war, external aggression, armed rebellion, or internal disturbance. The amendment modifies Articles 352, 358, and 359, expanding the grounds for emergency declarations and altering the suspension of rights under Article 21. These changes are temporary, ceasing to operate two years after the Act's commencement, except for actions taken during its effect.