Income-tax rates and surcharge structure updated; agricultural income aggregated notionally for tax computation and loss set-off rules revised. Amendments carry forward the Finance Act, 2023 rates into the year commencing 1 April 2024 with substitutions: they prescribe aggregation of net agricultural income with total income solely for tax computation-tax on aggregated income minus tax on agricultural income increased by the basic-exemption threshold-with elevated notional thresholds for older residents and taxpayers under the concessional tax regime; they replace surcharge rules to set detailed surcharge schedules and caps across taxpayer categories; the First Schedule restates slab rates and TDS rates; and Rule 8 is revised to permit specified prior-year agricultural losses to be carried forward and set off against agricultural income for the assessment years commencing 1 April 2024 and 1 April 2025 subject to conditions.